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Article ; Online: Chloroquine Suppresses Effector B-Cell Functions and Has Differential Impact on Regulatory B-Cell Subsets.

Ma, Xin / Dai, Yang / Witzke, Oliver / Xu, Shilei / Lindemann, Monika / Kribben, Andreas / Dolff, Sebastian / Wilde, Benjamin

Frontiers in immunology

2022 Volume 13, Page(s) 818704

Abstract: Objectives: Chloroquine (CQ) is approved for treatment of B-cell mediated diseases ... has not been studied and it remains unclear which effect CQ has on B-cells. Thus, it was the aim ... of this study to investigate to which extent CQ affects functionality of effector and regulatory B-cell ...

Abstract	Objectives: Chloroquine (CQ) is approved for treatment of B-cell mediated diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. However, the exact mode of action in these diseases has not been studied and it remains unclear which effect CQ has on B-cells. Thus, it was the aim of this study to investigate to which extent CQ affects functionality of effector and regulatory B-cell. Methods: For this purpose, B-cells were isolated from peripheral blood of healthy controls and renal transplant patients. B-cells were stimulated in presence or absence of CQ and Interleukin-10 (IL-10) and Granzyme B (GrB) secretion were assessed. In addition, effector functions such as plasma cell formation, and Immunoglobulin G (IgG) secretion were studied. Results: CQ suppressed Toll-Like-Receptor (TLR)-9 induced B-cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. IL-10 Conclusion: In conclusion, CQ had a suppressive effect on IL-10 regulatory B-cells whereas GrB secreting regulatory B-cells were less affected. Effector functions of B-cells such as plasma blast formation and IgG secretion were also inhibited by CQ. Effector B-cells derived from renal transplant patients already under immunosuppression could be suppressed by CQ. These findings may partly explain the clinical efficacy of CQ in B-cell mediated autoimmune diseases. The application of CQ in other disease contexts where suppression of effector B-cells could offer a benefit, such as renal transplantation, may hypothetically be advantageous.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; B-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects ; B-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/metabolism ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects ; Chloroquine/pharmacology ; Female ; Granzymes/metabolism ; Humans ; Interleukin-10/metabolism ; Kidney Transplantation ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/cytology ; Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Toll-Like Receptor 9/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Toll-Like Receptor 9 ; Interleukin-10 (130068-27-8) ; Chloroquine (886U3H6UFF) ; Granzymes (EC 3.4.21.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-08
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2606827-8
ISSN	1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
ISSN (online)	1664-3224
ISSN	1664-3224
DOI	10.3389/fimmu.2022.818704
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Article ; Online: A phase I study of the combination of palbociclib and dexamethasone for the treatment of relapsed or refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Wilde, Lindsay / Porazzi, Patrizia / Trotta, Rossana / De Dominici, Marco / Palmisiano, Neil / Keiffer, Gina / Rancani, Kaitlin / Yingling, Kathryn / Calabretta, Bruno / Kasner, Margaret

Leukemia research

2023 Volume 129, Page(s) 107075

Abstract: Purpose: Despite advances in the treatment of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B ... in adults with R/R B-ALL.: Methods: Cycle 1 consisted of single agent palbociclib given for 7 days and ...

Abstract	Purpose: Despite advances in the treatment of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), outcomes for relapsed/refractory (R/R) disease remain poor. Preclinical studies suggest that the combination of the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib and dexamethasone may be effective in targeting leukemic cell growth. We conducted a phase I study of escalating doses of palbociclib in combination with dexamethasone in adults with R/R B-ALL. Methods: Cycle 1 consisted of single agent palbociclib given for 7 days and continued for 28 additional days in combination with dexamethasone 20 mg daily. Palbociclib dosing began at 100 mg daily. Patients with a response were eligible for maintenance consisting of 1 week of palbociclib plus dexamethasone (20 mg daily × 2 days, 16 mg daily × 2 days, 12 mg daily × 2 days, 6 mg daily × 1 day), followed by 3 weeks of palbociclib alone. Safety, efficacy, and the expression of phospho-RB and c-MYB/BCL-2 were measured. Conclusions: Seven patients were treated on study before it was closed early due to slow accrual. No dose limiting toxicities were identified. One patient had a complete response with incomplete hematologic recovery, suggesting possible efficacy of the treatment. Reduction in CD34+ cells, p-RB, c-MYB, and BCL-2 expression also suggested on-target therapy effects.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Lymphoma, B-Cell/drug therapy ; Pyridines/therapeutic use ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/drug therapy ; Dexamethasone ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/adverse effects
Chemical Substances	palbociclib (G9ZF61LE7G) ; Pyridines ; Dexamethasone (7S5I7G3JQL)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Clinical Trial, Phase I ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	752396-8
ISSN	1873-5835 ; 0145-2126
ISSN (online)	1873-5835
ISSN	0145-2126
DOI	10.1016/j.leukres.2023.107075
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Article ; Online: B cell immune profiles in dysbiotic vermiform appendixes of pancreatic cancer patients.

Frontiers in immunology

2023 Volume 14, Page(s) 1230306

Abstract: ... to immunotherapy. B cells play an essential role in PDAC progression and immune responses, both locally and ... of PDAC patients exhibits markers of increased inflammation and cytotoxic cell activity. In contrast, B ... cell function is decreased in PDAC VA GALT based on gene expression profiling; B cells express ...

Abstract	Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the deadliest solid tumors and is resistant to immunotherapy. B cells play an essential role in PDAC progression and immune responses, both locally and systemically. Moreover, increasing evidence suggests that microbial compositions inside the tumor, as well as in the oral cavity and the gut, are important factors in shaping the PDAC immune landscape. However, the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) has not previously been explored in PDAC patients. In this study, we analyzed healthy vermiform appendix (VA) from 20 patients with PDAC and 32 patients with colon diseases by gene expression immune profiling, flow cytometry analysis, and microbiome sequencing. We show that the VA GALT of PDAC patients exhibits markers of increased inflammation and cytotoxic cell activity. In contrast, B cell function is decreased in PDAC VA GALT based on gene expression profiling; B cells express significantly fewer MHC class II surface receptors, whereas plasma cells express the immune checkpoint molecule HLA-G. Additionally, the vermiform appendix microbiome of PDAC patients is enriched with
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Appendix/microbiology ; Appendix/pathology ; Dysbiosis ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology ; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology ; HLA-G Antigens
Chemical Substances	HLA-G Antigens
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-10
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2606827-8
ISSN	1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
ISSN (online)	1664-3224
ISSN	1664-3224
DOI	10.3389/fimmu.2023.1230306
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Article ; Online: B-cell dynamics during experimental endotoxemia in humans.

Brinkhoff, Alexandra / Zeng, Ye / Sieberichs, Annette / Dolff, Sebastian / Shilei, Xu / Sun, Ming / Engler, Harald / Benson, Sven / Korth, Johannes / Schedlowski, Manfred / Kribben, Andreas / Witzke, Oliver / Wilde, Benjamin

Bioscience reports

2019 Volume 39, Issue 5

Abstract: Recently, B cells with regulatory functions suppressing T-cell immunity were identified ... the patient's risk for additional infections. The impact of endotoxemia on B-cell dynamics, regulatory B ... to characterize the dynamics of the B-cell compartment and Breg in an experimental human endotoxemia model ...

Abstract	Recently, B cells with regulatory functions suppressing T-cell immunity were identified. Inflammation in the context of sepsis is characterized by a profound immune dysfunction increasing the patient's risk for additional infections. The impact of endotoxemia on B-cell dynamics, regulatory B cells (Breg) and its contribution to immune dysfunction is unknown. It is the aim of the present study to characterize the dynamics of the B-cell compartment and Breg in an experimental human endotoxemia model.In this randomized placebo-controlled cross-over study, 20 healthy males received an intravenous injection of endotoxin (
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Cross-Over Studies ; Cytokines/immunology ; Endotoxemia/immunology ; Endotoxins/immunology ; Humans ; Inflammation/immunology ; Interleukin-10/immunology ; Lipopolysaccharides/immunology ; Male ; Sepsis/immunology ; Single-Blind Method ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Cytokines ; Endotoxins ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Interleukin-10 (130068-27-8)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-05-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	764946-0
ISSN	1573-4935 ; 0144-8463
ISSN (online)	1573-4935
ISSN	0144-8463
DOI	10.1042/BSR20182347
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Article ; Online: Granzyme B producing B-cells in renal transplant patients.

Zhu, Jiqiao / Zeng, Ye / Dolff, Sebastian / Bienholz, Anja / Lindemann, Monika / Brinkhoff, Alexandra / Schedlowski, Manfred / Xu, Shilei / Sun, Ming / Guberina, Hana / Kirchhof, Julia / Kribben, Andreas / Witzke, Oliver / Wilde, Benjamin

Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.)

2017 Volume 184, Page(s) 48–53

Abstract: Objectives: A separate subset of Granzyme B (GrB) producing B-cells regulating T ...

Abstract	Objectives: A separate subset of Granzyme B (GrB) producing B-cells regulating T-cell mediated immunity has been identified. In the present study, we investigated the role of GrB Methods: 12 healthy controls (HC) and 26 RTX patients were enrolled. In addition, 19 healthy volunteers treated with cyclosporine A (CsA) were enrolled. GrB Results: RTX Patients showed a diminished fraction of GrB Conclusion: We demonstrate that treatment with CsA does not impair the development of GrB
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1459903-x
ISSN	1521-7035 ; 1521-6616
ISSN (online)	1521-7035
ISSN	1521-6616
DOI	10.1016/j.clim.2017.04.016
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Article ; Online: Farnesyltransferase-inhibitors exert in vitro immunosuppressive capacity by inhibiting human B-cells

Shilei Xu / Sebastian Dolff / Nils Mülling / Hagen S. Bachmann / Yang Dai / Monika Lindemann / Ming Sun / Oliver Witzke / Andreas Kribben / Benjamin Wilde

Frontiers in Transplantation, Vol

2023 Volume 2

Abstract: ... on B-cells remains unclear. To address this issue, we investigated the effects of in vitro FTI treatment ... on effector and regulatory B-cells in healthy controls and renal transplant patients.MethodsFor this purpose ... B-cells were isolated from the peripheral blood of healthy controls and renal transplant patients ...

Abstract	ObjectivesFarnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTI), which inhibit the prenylation of Ras GTPases, were developed as anti-cancer drugs. As additional target proteins for prenylation were identified in the past, it is likely that FTI have potential value for therapeutic purposes beyond cancer. The effect of FTI on B-cells remains unclear. To address this issue, we investigated the effects of in vitro FTI treatment on effector and regulatory B-cells in healthy controls and renal transplant patients.MethodsFor this purpose, B-cells were isolated from the peripheral blood of healthy controls and renal transplant patients. Purified B-cells were stimulated via Toll-like-receptor 9 (TLR-9) in the presence or absence of FTI. Regulatory functions, such as IL-10 and Granzyme B (GrB) secretion, were assessed by flow cytometry. In addition, effector B-cell functions, such as plasma cell formation and IgG secretion, were studied.ResultsThe two FTI Lonafarnib and tipifarnib both suppressed TLR-9-induced B-cell proliferation. Maturation of IL-10 producing B-cells was suppressed by FTI at high concentrations as well as induction of GrB-secreting B-cells. Plasma blast formation and IgG secretion were potently suppressed by FTI. Moreover, purified B-cells from immunosuppressed renal transplant patients were also susceptible to FTI-induced suppression of effector functions, evidenced by diminished IgG secretion.ConclusionFTI suppress in vitro B-cell proliferation and plasma cell formation while partially preserving IL-10 as well as GrB production of B-cells. Thus, FTI may have immunosuppressive capacity encouraging further studies to investigate the potential immunomodulatory value of this agent.
Keywords	B-cells ; plasma cells ; farnesyltransferase inhibitors ; renal transplantation ; humoral rejection ; Specialties of internal medicine ; RC581-951
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: IL-21 dependent Granzyme B production of B-cells is decreased in patients with lupus nephritis.

Rabani, Mariam / Wilde, Benjamin / Hübbers, Katharina / Xu, Shilei / Kribben, Andreas / Witzke, Oliver / Dolff, Sebastian

Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.)

2017 Volume 188, Page(s) 45–51

Abstract: Objectives: B-cells play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis. Recently ... a separate subset has been discovered characterized by expression of Granzyme B. The aim of this study is ... Patients were sub-grouped in patients with and without biopsy proven lupus nephritis. B-cells were analyzed ...

Abstract	Objectives: B-cells play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis. Recently, a separate subset has been discovered characterized by expression of Granzyme B. The aim of this study is to investigate this subset in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods: Isolated PBMCs of SLE-patients (n=30) and healthy controls (n=21) were in vitro stimulated with CPG, IgG+IgM and IL-21. Patients were sub-grouped in patients with and without biopsy proven lupus nephritis. B-cells were analyzed for intracellular Granzyme B expression by flow cytometry. Results: The strongest stimulus for Granzyme B secretion of B-cells was IgG+IgM in presence of IL-21. SLE-patients had a significant decreased percentage of Granzyme B Conclusions: The frequency of GrB+ producing B-cells is reduced in SLE patients. This may contribute to an imbalanced B-cell regulation towards effector B-cells which might promote the development of lupus nephritis.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Antigens, CD19/immunology ; Antigens, CD19/metabolism ; B-Lymphocytes/drug effects ; B-Lymphocytes/immunology ; B-Lymphocytes/metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Female ; Granzymes/immunology ; Granzymes/metabolism ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G/immunology ; Immunoglobulin G/pharmacology ; Immunoglobulin M/immunology ; Immunoglobulin M/pharmacology ; Interleukins/immunology ; Interleukins/pharmacology ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/metabolism ; Lupus Nephritis/immunology ; Lupus Nephritis/metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Receptors, Interleukin-21/immunology ; Receptors, Interleukin-21/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Antigens, CD19 ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin M ; Interleukins ; Receptors, Interleukin-21 ; Granzymes (EC 3.4.21.-) ; interleukin-21 (MKM3CA6LT1)
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-12-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1459903-x
ISSN	1521-7035 ; 1521-6616
ISSN (online)	1521-7035
ISSN	1521-6616
DOI	10.1016/j.clim.2017.12.005
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Article ; Online: Ankyrin-B dysfunction predisposes to arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy and is amenable to therapy.

Roberts, Jason D / Murphy, Nathaniel P / Hamilton, Robert M / Lubbers, Ellen R / James, Cynthia A / Kline, Crystal F / Gollob, Michael H / Krahn, Andrew D / Sturm, Amy C / Musa, Hassan / El-Refaey, Mona / Koenig, Sara / Aneq, Meriam Åström / Hoorntje, Edgar T / Graw, Sharon L / Davies, Robert W / Rafiq, Muhammad Arshad / Koopmann, Tamara T / Aafaqi, Shabana /

Fatah, Meena / Chiasson, David A / Taylor, Matthew Rg / Simmons, Samantha L / Han, Mei / van Opbergen, Chantal Jm / Wold, Loren E / Sinagra, Gianfranco / Mittal, Kirti / Tichnell, Crystal / Murray, Brittney / Codima, Alberto / Nazer, Babak / Nguyen, Duy T / Marcus, Frank I / Sobriera, Nara / Lodder, Elisabeth M / van den Berg, Maarten P / Spears, Danna A / Robinson, John F / Ursell, Philip C / Green, Anna K / Skanes, Allan C / Tang, Anthony S / Gardner, Martin J / Hegele, Robert A / van Veen, Toon Ab / Wilde, Arthur Am / Healey, Jeff S / Janssen, Paul Ml / Mestroni, Luisa / van Tintelen, J Peter / Calkins, Hugh / Judge, Daniel P / Hund, Thomas J / Scheinman, Melvin M / Mohler, Peter J

The Journal of clinical investigation

2019 Volume 129, Issue 8, Page(s) 3171–3184

Abstract: ... identification of deceased ACM probands possessing ANK2 rare variants and evidence of ankyrin-B loss of function ... of a previously unknown interaction between ankyrin-B and β-catenin. A pharmacological activator of the WNT/β ... Our findings introduce what we believe to be a new pathway for ACM, a role of ankyrin-B in cardiac structure ...

Abstract	Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is an inherited arrhythmia syndrome characterized by severe structural and electrical cardiac phenotypes, including myocardial fibrofatty replacement and sudden cardiac death. Clinical management of ACM is largely palliative, owing to an absence of therapies that target its underlying pathophysiology, which stems partially from our limited insight into the condition. Following identification of deceased ACM probands possessing ANK2 rare variants and evidence of ankyrin-B loss of function on cardiac tissue analysis, an ANK2 mouse model was found to develop dramatic structural abnormalities reflective of human ACM, including biventricular dilation, reduced ejection fraction, cardiac fibrosis, and premature death. Desmosomal structure and function appeared preserved in diseased human and murine specimens in the presence of markedly abnormal β-catenin expression and patterning, leading to identification of a previously unknown interaction between ankyrin-B and β-catenin. A pharmacological activator of the WNT/β-catenin pathway, SB-216763, successfully prevented and partially reversed the murine ACM phenotypes. Our findings introduce what we believe to be a new pathway for ACM, a role of ankyrin-B in cardiac structure and signaling, a molecular link between ankyrin-B and β-catenin, and evidence for targeted activation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway as a potential treatment for this disease.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Ankyrins/genetics ; Ankyrins/metabolism ; Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia/genetics ; Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia/metabolism ; Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia/pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Humans ; Indoles/pharmacology ; Male ; Maleimides/pharmacology ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Myocardium/metabolism ; Myocardium/pathology ; Wnt Signaling Pathway ; beta Catenin/genetics ; beta Catenin/metabolism
Chemical Substances	ANK2 protein, human ; Ank2 protein, mouse ; Ankyrins ; CTNNB1 protein, human ; CTNNB1 protein, mouse ; Indoles ; Maleimides ; SB 216763 ; beta Catenin
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-07-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	3067-3
ISSN	1558-8238 ; 0021-9738
ISSN (online)	1558-8238
ISSN	0021-9738
DOI	10.1172/JCI125538
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Article ; Online: Low efficacy of vaccination against serogroup B meningococci in patients with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome.

Mülling, Nils / Rohn, Hana / Vogel, Ulrich / Claus, Heike / Wilde, Benjamin / Eisenberger, Ute / Kribben, Andreas / Witzke, Oliver / Gäckler, Anja

Bioscience reports

2020 Volume 40, Issue 3

Abstract: ... hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) going along with a highly increased risk of meningococcal infections. Serogroup B ...

Abstract	Background: The C5 complement inhibitor eculizumab is first-line treatment in atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) going along with a highly increased risk of meningococcal infections. Serogroup B meningococci (MenB) are the most frequently encountered cause for meningococcal infections in Europe. Efficacy of the protein-based MenB-vaccine Bexsero in aHUS has not been determined and testing is only possible in patients off-treatment with eculizumab as a human complement source is required. Methods: Patients with aHUS were vaccinated with two doses of the protein-based MenB-vaccine Bexsero. Serum bactericidal antibody (SBA) titers against factor H binding protein (fHbp) of MenB were determined in 14 patients with aHUS off-treatment with eculizumab. Results: Only 50% of patients showed protective human serum bactericidal antibody (hSBA) titers (≥1:4) against MenB following two vaccinations. Bactericidal antibody titers were relatively low (≤1:8) in three of seven patients with protective titers. While 71% of patients were on immunosuppressive treatment for either thrombotic microangiopathy or renal transplantation at either first or second vaccination, all four patients not receiving any immunosuppressive treatment showed protective bactericidal antibody response. Time between second vaccination and titer measurement was not significantly different between patients with protective titers compared with those with non-protective titers, while time between first and second vaccination was significantly longer in patients with protective titers going along with a tendency for reduction in immunosuppressive treatment. Conclusions: Efficacy of vaccination against MenB is insufficient in patients with aHUS. Response to vaccination seems to be hampered by immunosuppression. Therefore, implementation of adequate antibiotic prophylaxis seems pivotal.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology ; Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome/complications ; Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome/immunology ; Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome/microbiology ; Bacterial Proteins/immunology ; Carrier Proteins ; Complement Factor H/immunology ; Female ; Germany ; Humans ; Male ; Meningococcal Infections/prevention & control ; Meningococcal Vaccines/pharmacology ; Middle Aged ; Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup B/immunology ; Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup B/metabolism ; Serogroup ; Treatment Outcome ; Vaccination/methods
Chemical Substances	4CMenB vaccine ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Bacterial Proteins ; CFH protein, human ; Carrier Proteins ; Meningococcal Vaccines ; Complement Factor H (80295-65-4) ; eculizumab (A3ULP0F556)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-02-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	764946-0
ISSN	1573-4935 ; 0144-8463
ISSN (online)	1573-4935
ISSN	0144-8463
DOI	10.1042/BSR20200177
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Article ; Online: Th17 cells: do regulatory B-cells (Breg) take control in ANCA-vasculitis?

Dolff, Sebastian / Witzke, Oliver / Wilde, Benjamin

Rheumatology (Oxford, England)

2019 Volume 58, Issue 8, Page(s) 1329–1330

MeSH term(s)	Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-Associated Vasculitis ; Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic ; B-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis ; Humans ; Th17 Cells
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-07-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Editorial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Comment
ZDB-ID	1464822-2
ISSN	1462-0332 ; 1462-0324
ISSN (online)	1462-0332
ISSN	1462-0324
DOI	10.1093/rheumatology/kez133
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