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Article ; Online: Artificial recharge by means of careo channels versus natural aquifer recharge in a semi-arid, high-mountain watershed (Sierra Nevada, Spain).

Jódar, J / Zakaluk, T / González-Ramón, A / Ruiz-Constán, A / Lechado, C Marín / Martín-Civantos, J M / Custodio, E / Urrutia, J / Herrera, C / Lambán, L J / Durán, J J / Martos-Rosillo, S

The Science of the total environment

2022 Volume 825, Page(s) 153937

Abstract: The acequias de careo are ancestral water channels excavated during the early Al-Andalus period (8th-10th centuries), which are used to recharge aquifers in the watersheds of the Sierra Nevada mountain range (Southeastern Spain). The water channels are ... ...

Abstract	The acequias de careo are ancestral water channels excavated during the early Al-Andalus period (8th-10th centuries), which are used to recharge aquifers in the watersheds of the Sierra Nevada mountain range (Southeastern Spain). The water channels are maintained by local communities, and their main function is collecting snowmelt, but also runoff from rainfall from the headwaters of river basins and distributing it throughout the upper parts of the slopes. This method of aquifer artificial recharge extends the availability of water resources in the lowlands of the river basins during the dry season when there is almost no precipitation and water demand is higher. This study investigates the contribution of the careo channels in the watershed of Bérchules concerning the total aquifer recharge during the 2014-2015 hydrological year. Several channels were gauged, and the runoff data were compared with those obtained from a semi-distributed hydrological model applied to the same hydrological basin. The natural infiltration of meteoric waters accounted for 52% of the total recharge, while the remaining 48% corresponded to water transported and infiltrated by the careo channels. In other words, the careo recharge system enhances by 92% the natural recharge to the aquifer. Our results demonstrate the importance of this ancestral and efficient channel system for recharging slope aquifers developed in hard rocks. The acequias de careo are nature-based solutions for increasing water resources availability that have contributed to a prosperous life in the Sierra Nevada. Its long history (>1200 years) suggests that the system has remarkable resilience properties, which have allowed adaptation and permance for centuries in drastically changing climatic and socioeconomic conditions. This recharge system could also be applied to -or inspire similar adaptation measures in- semi-arid mountain areas around the world where it may help in mitigating climate change effects.
MeSH term(s)	Groundwater ; Hydrology ; Rivers ; Spain ; Water
Chemical Substances	Water (059QF0KO0R)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-18
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153937
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Article: Artificial recharge by means of careo channels versus natural aquifer recharge in a semi-arid, high-mountain watershed (Sierra Nevada, Spain)

Jódar, J. / Zakaluk, T. / González-Ramón, A. / Ruiz-Constán, A. / Lechado, C. Marín / Martín-Civantos, J.M. / Custodio, E. / Urrutia, J. / Herrera, C. / Lambán, L.J. / Durán, J.J. / Martos-Rosillo, S.

Science of the total environment. 2022 June 15, v. 825

2022

Abstract: The acequias de careo are ancestral water channels excavated during the early Al-Andalus period (8th–10th centuries), which are used to recharge aquifers in the watersheds of the Sierra Nevada mountain range (Southeastern Spain). The water channels are ... ...

Abstract	The acequias de careo are ancestral water channels excavated during the early Al-Andalus period (8th–10th centuries), which are used to recharge aquifers in the watersheds of the Sierra Nevada mountain range (Southeastern Spain). The water channels are maintained by local communities, and their main function is collecting snowmelt, but also runoff from rainfall from the headwaters of river basins and distributing it throughout the upper parts of the slopes. This method of aquifer artificial recharge extends the availability of water resources in the lowlands of the river basins during the dry season when there is almost no precipitation and water demand is higher. This study investigates the contribution of the careo channels in the watershed of Bérchules concerning the total aquifer recharge during the 2014–2015 hydrological year. Several channels were gauged, and the runoff data were compared with those obtained from a semi-distributed hydrological model applied to the same hydrological basin. The natural infiltration of meteoric waters accounted for 52% of the total recharge, while the remaining 48% corresponded to water transported and infiltrated by the careo channels. In other words, the careo recharge system enhances by 92% the natural recharge to the aquifer. Our results demonstrate the importance of this ancestral and efficient channel system for recharging slope aquifers developed in hard rocks. The acequias de careo are nature-based solutions for increasing water resources availability that have contributed to a prosperous life in the Sierra Nevada. Its long history (>1200 years) suggests that the system has remarkable resilience properties, which have allowed adaptation and permance for centuries in drastically changing climatic and socioeconomic conditions. This recharge system could also be applied to —or inspire similar adaptation measures in— semi-arid mountain areas around the world where it may help in mitigating climate change effects.
Keywords	aquifers ; basins ; climate change ; dry season ; environment ; groundwater recharge ; hydrologic models ; mountains ; rain ; rivers ; runoff ; snowmelt ; watersheds ; Spain
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0615
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153937
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Article ; Online: Combination of lumped hydrological and remote-sensing models to evaluate water resources in a semi-arid high altitude ungauged watershed of Sierra Nevada (Southern Spain).

Jódar, J / Carpintero, E / Martos-Rosillo, S / Ruiz-Constán, A / Marín-Lechado, C / Cabrera-Arrabal, J A / Navarrete-Mazariegos, E / González-Ramón, A / Lambán, L J / Herrera, C / González-Dugo, M P

The Science of the total environment

2018 Volume 625, Page(s) 285–300

Abstract: Assessing water resources in high mountain semi-arid zones is essential to be able to manage and plan the use of these resources downstream where they are used. However, it is not easy to manage an unknown resource, a situation that is common in the vast ...

Abstract	Assessing water resources in high mountain semi-arid zones is essential to be able to manage and plan the use of these resources downstream where they are used. However, it is not easy to manage an unknown resource, a situation that is common in the vast majority of high mountain hydrological basins. In the present work, the discharge flow in an ungauged basin is estimated using the hydrological parameters of an HBV (Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenbalansavdelning) model calibrated in a "neighboring gauged basin". The results of the hydrological simulation obtained in terms of average annual discharge are validated using the VI-ETo model. This model relates a simple hydrological balance to the discharge of the basin with the evaporation of the vegetal cover of the soil, and this to the SAVI index, which is obtained remotely by means of satellite images. The results of the modeling for both basins underscore the role of the underground discharge in the total discharge of the hydrological system. This is the result of the deglaciation process suffered by the high mountain areas of the Mediterranean arc. This process increases the infiltration capacity of the terrain, the recharge and therefore the discharge of the aquifers that make up the glacial and periglacial sediments that remain exposed on the surface as witnesses of what was the last glaciation.
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-06-01
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.300
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Article: Combination of lumped hydrological and remote-sensing models to evaluate water resources in a semi-arid high altitude ungauged watershed of Sierra Nevada (Southern Spain)

Jódar, J / E. Carpintero / S. Martos-Rosillo / A. Ruiz-Constán / C. Marín-Lechado / J.A. Cabrera-Arrabal / E. Navarrete-Mazariegos / A. González-Ramón / L.J. Lambán / C. Herrera / M.P. González-Dugo

Science of the total environment. 2018 June 01, v. 625

2018

Abstract	Assessing water resources in high mountain semi-arid zones is essential to be able to manage and plan the use of these resources downstream where they are used. However, it is not easy to manage an unknown resource, a situation that is common in the vast majority of high mountain hydrological basins. In the present work, the discharge flow in an ungauged basin is estimated using the hydrological parameters of an HBV (Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenbalansavdelning) model calibrated in a “neighboring gauged basin”. The results of the hydrological simulation obtained in terms of average annual discharge are validated using the VI-ETo model. This model relates a simple hydrological balance to the discharge of the basin with the evaporation of the vegetal cover of the soil, and this to the SAVI index, which is obtained remotely by means of satellite images. The results of the modeling for both basins underscore the role of the underground discharge in the total discharge of the hydrological system. This is the result of the deglaciation process suffered by the high mountain areas of the Mediterranean arc. This process increases the infiltration capacity of the terrain, the recharge and therefore the discharge of the aquifers that make up the glacial and periglacial sediments that remain exposed on the surface as witnesses of what was the last glaciation.
Keywords	altitude ; aquifers ; basins ; evaporation ; glaciation ; landscapes ; models ; mountains ; remote sensing ; sediments ; semiarid zones ; soil ; watersheds ; Spain
Language	English
Dates of publication	2018-0601
Size	p. 285-300.
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.12.300
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Groundwater discharge in high-mountain watersheds: A valuable resource for downstream semi-arid zones. The case of the Bérchules River in Sierra Nevada (Southern Spain).

Jódar, Jorge / Cabrera, José Antonio / Martos-Rosillo, Sergio / Ruiz-Constán, Ana / González-Ramón, Antonio / Lambán, Luis Javier / Herrera, Christian / Custodio, Emilio

The Science of the total environment

2017 Volume 593-594, Page(s) 760–772

Abstract: Aquifers in permeable formations developed in high-mountain watersheds slow down the transfer of snowmelt to rivers, modifying rivers' flow pattern. To gain insight into the processes that control the hydrologic response of such systems the role played ... ...

Abstract	Aquifers in permeable formations developed in high-mountain watersheds slow down the transfer of snowmelt to rivers, modifying rivers' flow pattern. To gain insight into the processes that control the hydrologic response of such systems the role played by groundwater in an alpine basin located at the southeastern part of the Iberian Peninsula is investigated. As data in these environments is generally scarce and its variability is high, simple lumped parameter hydrological models that consider the groundwater component and snow accumulation and melting are needed. Instead of using existing models that use many parameters, the Témez lumped hydrological model of common use in Spain and Ibero-American countries is selected and modified to consider snow to get a simplified tool to separate hydrograph components. The result is the TDD model (Témez-Degree Day) which is applied in a high mountain watershed with seasonal snow cover in Southern Spain to help in quantifying groundwater recharge and determining the groundwater contribution to the outflow. Average groundwater recharge is about 23% of the precipitation, and groundwater contribution to total outflow ranges between 70 and 97%. Direct surface runoff is 1% of precipitation. These values depend on the existence of snow. Results are consistent with those obtained with chloride atmospheric deposition mass balances by other authors. They highlight the important role of groundwater in high mountain areas, which is enhanced by seasonal snow cover. Results compare well with other areas. This effect is often neglected in water planning, but can be easily taken into account just by extending the water balance tool in use, or any other, following the procedure that has being developed.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-09-01
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	121506-1
ISSN	1879-1026 ; 0048-9697
ISSN (online)	1879-1026
ISSN	0048-9697
DOI	10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.190
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Article: Estudio de la inmunidad celular pulmonar en pacientes VIH.

Fernández Fabrellas, E / González Constán, E / Marín González, M / León, P / Blanquer Olivas, R

Anales de medicina interna (Madrid, Spain : 1984)

1999 Volume 16, Issue 1, Page(s) 21–24

Abstract: Background: Cellular immunity disorder, showed by a decreased blood level of lymphocytes T CD4, is the main indicator of progression in HIV infection. The diminished level of these lymphocytes and CD4/CD8 ratio in pulmonary samples obtained by ... ...

Title translation	A pulmonary cellular immunity study in HIV patients.
Abstract	Background: Cellular immunity disorder, showed by a decreased blood level of lymphocytes T CD4, is the main indicator of progression in HIV infection. The diminished level of these lymphocytes and CD4/CD8 ratio in pulmonary samples obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is known, so as the enhanced level of lymphocytes T CD8, while the pulmonary diseases high incidence in these patients could be due to a local immunity disorder or systemic one remains unknown. The aim of this study is to compare systemic immunity disorders, studied in blood samples, with local immunity replay, showed by BAL samples, in patients with HIV infection. Methods: 74 HIV patients were studied, all of them hospitalized due to acute respiratory disease, and undergone to fiberoptic bronchoscopy for diagnosing. Cellular and lymphocytic populations are compared and measured by flow cytometry in blood and BAL samples. Results: Percentage of total lymphocytes and CD4+ population were decreased in BAL samples, above all in patients with CD4 level minor than 25%. Conclusions: Cellular immunity disorder of patients with HIV infection is bigger in lung than in blood. It's possible to foresee the lymphocytes T CD4+ pulmonary depletion from their blood levels.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/immunology ; Female ; HIV Infections/immunology ; HIV-1 ; Humans ; Immunity, Cellular ; Lung/immunology ; Lymphocyte Count ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors
Language	Spanish
Publishing date	1999-01
Publishing country	Spain
Document type	Comparative Study ; English Abstract ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	639013-4
ISSN	0212-7199
ISSN	0212-7199
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Article: Tomografía computarizada de alta resolución en tuberculosis pulmonar con baciloscopia de esputo negativa.

González Constán, E / Franco Serrano, J / Domingo Montañana, M L / Inchaurraga Alvarez, I / Blanquer Olivas, R / Marín Pardo, J

Revista clinica espanola

2003 Volume 203, Issue 11, Page(s) 532–535

Abstract: Context: Pulmonary tuberculosis with negative sputum bacilloscopy involves diagnostic difficulties when there are not available liquid culture media due to the slow growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the traditional culture media, and also due to ... ...

Title translation	High resolution computerized tomography in pulmonary tuberculosis with negative sputum bacilloscopy.
Abstract	Context: Pulmonary tuberculosis with negative sputum bacilloscopy involves diagnostic difficulties when there are not available liquid culture media due to the slow growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the traditional culture media, and also due to the need for carrying out invasive examinations. Objective: Evaluate the high resolution computerized tomography findings (HRCT) in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and negative bacilloscopy of sputum. Method: Prospectively 28 patients (12 with active tuberculosis and 16 with inactive tuberculosis) were evaluated through HRCT, assessing the following findings: centrolobular nodules, multiple branched linear structures, macronodules, cavitation, consolidation, enlargement of interlobular septums, ground-glass change, bronchiectases, emphysema, broncovascular distortion, fibrotic changes, calcified mediastinal adenopathies, parenchymous calcification, pleural enlargement, and pleural effusion. Results: The findings that were associated significantly to the active disease were: consolidation (67%), macronodules (67%) and centrolobular nodules (67%). The presence of centrolobular nodules and/or consolidation had a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of 87%. The findings significantly associated to inactive disease were bronchiectases (87%) and broncovascular distortion (62%). Conclusion: Our results support the value of HRCT in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and negative sputum bacilloscopy, since the finding of centrolobular nodules and/or consolidation has good sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of active pulmonary disease.
MeSH term(s)	False Negative Reactions ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Sputum/microbiology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnostic imaging ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/microbiology
Language	Spanish
Publishing date	2003-08-15
Publishing country	Spain
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	123597-7
ISSN	0014-2565 ; 0014-2565
ISSN (online)	0014-2565
ISSN	0014-2565
DOI	10.1157/13052585
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Article: Relación de la disnea y la calidad de vida con el índice de masa corporal y la función pulmonar en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica tipo enfisema.

González Constán, E / Herrejón Silvestre, A / Inchaurraga Alvarez, I / Palop Medina, J / Blanquer Olivas, R

Medicina clinica

2001 Volume 117, Issue 10, Page(s) 370–371

Abstract: Background: We aimed to evaluate the differences in pulmonary function, quality of life (CVRS) and dyspnea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disese (COPD) and emphysema according to the body mass index (BMI). Moreover, we analyzed the ... ...

Title translation	Relationship between dyspnea and quality of life with body mass index and pulmonary function in patients with chronic obstructive airways disease and emphysema.
Abstract	Background: We aimed to evaluate the differences in pulmonary function, quality of life (CVRS) and dyspnea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disese (COPD) and emphysema according to the body mass index (BMI). Moreover, we analyzed the relation between BMI, pulmonary function, CVRS and dyspnea. Patients and method: This was a prospective, 12-months study including 20 patients with COPD and emphysema. They were classified in group A (BMI < 21 kg/m(2) group B (BMI >= 21 kg/m(2)). We performed pulmonary function tests and determined the levels of dyspnea and CVRS according to a scale of dyspnea and a CVRS questionnaire. Results: Seven patients had a BMI < 21 kg/m(2) and it was >=21 kg/m(2) in 13 patients. DLCO in group A patients was lower than in group B. After a multiple regression analysis, the FVC accounted for 52% of dyspnea variability. Both PEM and dyspnea were the parameters that better predicted the CVRS. Conclusions: Patients with COPD and emphysema with a VMI < 21 kg/m(2) have a lower DLCO than patients with a BMI >= 21 kg/m(2). In our patients, dyspnea sensation depended on the FVC. In addition,the CVRS depended on dyspnea sensation and PEM.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Body Mass Index ; Dyspnea/etiology ; Emphysema/physiopathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/physiopathology ; Quality of Life ; Respiration
Language	Spanish
Publishing date	2001-10-06
Publishing country	Spain
Document type	English Abstract ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	411607-0
ISSN	1578-8989 ; 0025-7753
ISSN (online)	1578-8989
ISSN	0025-7753
DOI	10.1016/s0025-7753(01)72118-5
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Article: Enfisema lobar por atresia bronquial asociada a quiste broncogénico.

González Constán, E / Fernández Fabrellas, E / Inchaurraga, I / Marín, M / Domingo, M L / Blanquer, R

Anales de medicina interna (Madrid, Spain : 1984)

2000 Volume 17, Issue 10, Page(s) 543–545

Abstract: We report a case of bronchial atresia in the apical segment of right down lobule associated to subcarinal bronchogenic cyst in an eighteen years old patient who consults by long time bronchitis. The thorax X-ray shows an image suggested of mucoid ... ...

Title translation	Lobar emphysema due to bronchial atresia associated with a bronchogenic cyst.
Abstract	We report a case of bronchial atresia in the apical segment of right down lobule associated to subcarinal bronchogenic cyst in an eighteen years old patient who consults by long time bronchitis. The thorax X-ray shows an image suggested of mucoid impaction. The respiratory function tests are not essential for the diagnostic. The fiber bronchoscopy is normal and the diagnostic is established by mean image technics (thoracic HR-TC and MR).
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Bronchi/abnormalities ; Bronchi/pathology ; Bronchitis/diagnosis ; Bronchitis/etiology ; Bronchogenic Cyst/complications ; Bronchogenic Cyst/congenital ; Bronchogenic Cyst/diagnosis ; Bronchoscopy ; Chronic Disease ; Fiber Optic Technology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Pulmonary Emphysema/congenital ; Pulmonary Emphysema/diagnosis ; Pulmonary Emphysema/etiology ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Language	Spanish
Publishing date	2000-10
Publishing country	Spain
Document type	Case Reports ; English Abstract ; Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	639013-4
ISSN	0212-7199
ISSN	0212-7199
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Article: Metabolism of chloroform by cytochrome P450 2E1 is required for induction of toxicity in the liver, kidney, and nose of male mice.

Constan, A A / Sprankle, C S / Peters, J M / Kedderis, G L / Everitt, J I / Wong, B A / Gonzalez, F L / Butterworth, B E

Toxicology and applied pharmacology

1999 Volume 160, Issue 2, Page(s) 120–126

Abstract: Chloroform is a nongenotoxic-cytotoxic liver and kidney carcinogen and nasal toxicant in some strains and sexes of rodents. Substantial evidence indicates that tumor induction is secondary to events associated with cytolethality and regenerative cell ... ...

Abstract	Chloroform is a nongenotoxic-cytotoxic liver and kidney carcinogen and nasal toxicant in some strains and sexes of rodents. Substantial evidence indicates that tumor induction is secondary to events associated with cytolethality and regenerative cell proliferation. Therefore, pathways leading to toxicity, such as metabolic activation, become critical information in mechanism-based risk assessments. The purpose of this study was to determine the degree to which chloroform-induced cytotoxicity is dependent on the cytochromes P450 in general and P450 2E1 in particular. Male B6C3F(1), Sv/129 wild-type (Cyp2e1+/+), and Sv/129 CYP2E1 knockout (Cyp2e1-/- or Cyp2e1-null) mice were exposed 6 h/day for 4 consecutive days to 90 ppm chloroform by inhalation. Parallel control and treated groups, excluding Cyp2e1-null mice, also received an i.p. injection (150 mg/kg) of the irreversible cytochrome P450 inhibitor 1-aminobenzotriazole (ABT) twice on the day before exposures began and 1 h before every exposure. Cells in S-phase were labeled by infusion of BrdU via an implanted osmotic pump for 3.5 days prior to necropsy, and the labeling index was quantified immunohistochemically. B6C3F(1) and Sv/129 wild-type mice exposed to chloroform alone had extensive hepatic and renal necrosis with significant regenerative cell proliferation. These animals had minimal toxicity in the nasal turbinates with focal periosteal cell proliferation. Administration of ABT completely protected against the hepatic, renal, and nasal toxic effects of chloroform. Induced pathological changes and regenerative cell proliferation were absent in these target sites in Cyp2e1-/- mice exposed to 90 ppm chloroform. These findings indicate that metabolism is obligatory for the development of chloroform-induced hepatic, renal, and nasal toxicity and that cytochrome P450 2E1 appears to be the only enzyme responsible for this cytotoxic-related metabolic conversion under these exposure conditions.
MeSH term(s)	Administration, Inhalation ; Animals ; Biotransformation ; Carcinogens/toxicity ; Cell Division ; Chloroform/administration & dosage ; Chloroform/pharmacokinetics ; Chloroform/toxicity ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1/genetics ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1/metabolism ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 Inhibitors ; Immunohistochemistry ; Kidney/drug effects ; Kidney/enzymology ; Kidney/pathology ; Liver/drug effects ; Liver/enzymology ; Liver/pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Mice, Knockout ; Necrosis ; Nose/drug effects ; Organ Size ; Turbinates/drug effects ; Turbinates/enzymology ; Turbinates/pathology
Chemical Substances	Carcinogens ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 Inhibitors ; Chloroform (7V31YC746X) ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 (EC 1.14.13.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	1999-10-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	204477-8
ISSN	1096-0333 ; 0041-008X
ISSN (online)	1096-0333
ISSN	0041-008X
DOI	10.1006/taap.1999.8756
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In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

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In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

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