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  1. Book ; Online ; E-Book: The metabolic ghetto

    Wells, Jonathan C. K.

    an evolutionary perspective on nutrition, power relations and chronic disease

    2016  

    Author's details Jonathan C.K. Wells
    Language English
    Size 1 Online-Ressource (626 Seiten)
    Publisher Cambridge University Press
    Publishing place Cambridge
    Publishing country Great Britain
    Document type Book ; Online ; E-Book
    Remark Zugriff für angemeldete ZB MED-Nutzerinnen und -Nutzer
    HBZ-ID HT019075640
    ISBN 978-1-3166-8038-4 ; 9781107009479 ; 1-3166-8038-X ; 1107009472
    Database ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

    Full text online

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  2. Article: An evolutionary perspective on social inequality and health disparities: Insights from the producer-scrounger game.

    Wells, Jonathan C K

    Evolution, medicine, and public health

    2023  Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 294–308

    Abstract: There is growing concern with social disparities in health, whether relating to gender, ethnicity, caste, socio-economic position or other axes of inequality. Despite addressing inequality, evolutionary biologists have had surprisingly little to say on ... ...

    Abstract There is growing concern with social disparities in health, whether relating to gender, ethnicity, caste, socio-economic position or other axes of inequality. Despite addressing inequality, evolutionary biologists have had surprisingly little to say on why human societies are prone to demonstrating exploitation. This article builds on a recent book, '
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2684837-5
    ISSN 2050-6201
    ISSN 2050-6201
    DOI 10.1093/emph/eoad026
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Natural selection and human adiposity: crafty genotype, thrifty phenotype.

    Wells, Jonathan C K

    Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences

    2023  Volume 378, Issue 1885, Page(s) 20220224

    Abstract: Evolutionary perspectives on obesity have aimed to understand how the genetic constitution of individuals has been shaped by selective pressures such as famine, predation or infectious disease. The dual intervention model assumes strong selection on ... ...

    Abstract Evolutionary perspectives on obesity have aimed to understand how the genetic constitution of individuals has been shaped by selective pressures such as famine, predation or infectious disease. The dual intervention model assumes strong selection on lower and upper limits of adiposity, but negligible fitness implications for intermediate adiposity. These frameworks are agnostic to age, sex and condition. I argue that selection has favoured a 'crafty genotype'-a genetic basis for accommodating variability in the 'fitness value' of fat through phenotypic plasticity, depending on the endogenous and exogenous characteristics of each individual. Hominin evolution occurred in volatile environments. I argue that the polygenetic basis of adiposity stabilizes phenotype in such environments, while also coordinating phenotypic variance across traits. This stability underpins reaction norms through which adiposity can respond sensitively to ecological factors. I consider how the fitness value of fat changes with age, sex and developmental experience. Fat is also differentially distributed between peripheral and abdominal depots, reflecting variable prioritization of survival versus reproduction. Where longevity has been compromised by undernutrition, abdominal fat may promote immediate survival and fitness, while long-term cardiometabolic risks may never materialize. This approach helps understand the sensitivity of adiposity to diverse environmental factors, and why the health impacts of obesity are variable. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Causes of obesity: theories, conjectures and evidence (Part I)'.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Adiposity/genetics ; Obesity/genetics ; Genotype ; Phenotype ; Selection, Genetic
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-24
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 208382-6
    ISSN 1471-2970 ; 0080-4622 ; 0264-3839 ; 0962-8436
    ISSN (online) 1471-2970
    ISSN 0080-4622 ; 0264-3839 ; 0962-8436
    DOI 10.1098/rstb.2022.0224
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: An Evolutionary Model of "Sexual Conflict" Over Women's Age at Marriage: Implications for Child Mortality and Undernutrition.

    Wells, Jonathan C K

    Frontiers in public health

    2022  Volume 10, Page(s) 653433

    Abstract: Background: Early women's marriage is associated with adverse outcomes for mothers and their offspring, including reduced human capital and increased child undernutrition and mortality. Despite preventive efforts, it remains common in many populations ... ...

    Abstract Background: Early women's marriage is associated with adverse outcomes for mothers and their offspring, including reduced human capital and increased child undernutrition and mortality. Despite preventive efforts, it remains common in many populations and is often favored by cultural norms. A key question is why it remains common, given such penalties. Using an evolutionary perspective, a simple mathematical model was developed to explore women's optimal marriage age under different circumstances, if the sole aim were to maximize maternal or paternal lifetime reproductive fitness (surviving offspring).
    Methods: The model was based on several assumptions, supported by empirical evidence, regarding relationships between women's marital age and parental and offspring outcomes. It assumes that later marriage promotes women's autonomy, enhancing control over fertility and childcare, but increases paternity uncertainty. Given these assumptions, optimal marriage ages for maximizing maternal and paternal fitness were calculated. The basic model was then used to simulate environmental changes or public health interventions, including shifts in child mortality, suppression of women's autonomy, or promoting women's contraception or education.
    Results: In the basic model, paternal fitness is maximized at lower women's marriage age than is maternal fitness, with the paternal optimum worsening child undernutrition and mortality. A family planning intervention delays marriage age and reduces child mortality and undernutrition, at a cost to paternal but not maternal fitness. Reductions in child mortality favor earlier marriage but increase child undernutrition, whereas ecological shocks that increase child mortality favor later marriage but reduce fitness of both parents. An education intervention favors later marriage and reduces child mortality and undernutrition, but at a cost to paternal fitness. Efforts to suppress maternal autonomy substantially increase fitness of both parents, but only if other members of the household provide compensatory childcare.
    Conclusion: Early women's marriage maximizes paternal fitness despite relatively high child mortality and undernutrition, by increasing fertility and reducing paternity uncertainty. This tension between the sexes over the optimal marriage age is sensitive to ecological stresses or interventions. Education interventions seem most likely to improve maternal and child outcomes, but may be resisted by males and their kin as they may reduce paternal fitness.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Child Mortality ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Malnutrition ; Marriage ; Mothers ; Parents
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-17
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2711781-9
    ISSN 2296-2565 ; 2296-2565
    ISSN (online) 2296-2565
    ISSN 2296-2565
    DOI 10.3389/fpubh.2022.653433
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Book: The evolutionary biology of human body fatness

    Wells, Jonathan C. K.

    thrift and control

    (Cambridge studies in biological and evolutionary anthropology ; 58)

    2010  

    Author's details Jonathan C. K. Wells
    Series title Cambridge studies in biological and evolutionary anthropology ; 58
    Collection
    Keywords Body composition ; Body weight ; Body weight--Social aspects
    Subject code 612.391
    Language English
    Size XI, 382 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
    Publisher Cambridge Univ. Press
    Publishing place Cambridge u.a.
    Publishing country Great Britain
    Document type Book
    HBZ-ID HT016162876
    ISBN 978-0-521-88420-4 ; 0-521-88420-9
    Database Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Shelf markLoan statusLocation
    2009 A 6393 order for loan Magazin

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  6. Article: Reconsidering the developmental origins of adult disease paradigm: The 'metabolic coordination of childbirth' hypothesis.

    Wells, Jonathan C K / Desoye, Gernot / Leon, David A

    Evolution, medicine, and public health

    2024  Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 50–66

    Abstract: In uncomplicated pregnancies, birthweight is inversely associated with adult non-communicable disease (NCD) risk. One proposed mechanism is maternal malnutrition during pregnancy. Another explanation is that shared genes link birthweight with NCDs. Both ... ...

    Abstract In uncomplicated pregnancies, birthweight is inversely associated with adult non-communicable disease (NCD) risk. One proposed mechanism is maternal malnutrition during pregnancy. Another explanation is that shared genes link birthweight with NCDs. Both hypotheses are supported, but evolutionary perspectives address only the environmental pathway. We propose that genetic and environmental associations of birthweight with NCD risk reflect coordinated regulatory systems between mother and foetus, that evolved to reduce risks of obstructed labour. First, the foetus must tailor its growth to maternal metabolic signals, as it cannot predict the size of the birth canal from its own genome. Second, we predict that maternal alleles that promote placental nutrient supply have been selected to constrain foetal growth and gestation length when fetally expressed. Conversely, maternal alleles that increase birth canal size have been selected to promote foetal growth and gestation when fetally expressed. Evidence supports these hypotheses. These regulatory mechanisms may have undergone powerful selection as hominin neonates evolved larger size and encephalisation, since every mother is at risk of gestating a baby excessively for her pelvis. Our perspective can explain the inverse association of birthweight with NCD risk across most of the birthweight range: any constraint of birthweight, through plastic or genetic mechanisms, may reduce the capacity for homeostasis and increase NCD susceptibility. However, maternal obesity and diabetes can overwhelm this coordination system, challenging vaginal delivery while increasing offspring NCD risk. We argue that selection on viable vaginal delivery played an over-arching role in shaping the association of birthweight with NCD risk.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-18
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2684837-5
    ISSN 2050-6201
    ISSN 2050-6201
    DOI 10.1093/emph/eoae002
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Plant-Based Diets in Children: Secular Trends, Health Outcomes, and a Roadmap for Urgent Practice Recommendations and Research-A Systematic Review.

    Desmond, Malgorzata A / Fewtrell, Mary S / Wells, Jonathan C K

    Nutrients

    2024  Volume 16, Issue 5

    Abstract: People are increasingly encouraged to reduce animal food consumption and shift towards plant-based diets; however, the implications for children's health are unclear. In this narrative review of research in high-income settings, we summarize evidence on ... ...

    Abstract People are increasingly encouraged to reduce animal food consumption and shift towards plant-based diets; however, the implications for children's health are unclear. In this narrative review of research in high-income settings, we summarize evidence on the increasing consumption of plant-based diets in children and update an earlier systematic review regarding their associations with children's health outcomes. The evidence indicates that vegan, but not vegetarian, diets can restrict growth relative to omnivorous children and increase the risk of being stunted and underweight, although the percentage affected is relatively small. Bone mineral content is reduced in vegetarian and, in particular, vegan children, compared to omnivores. Both vegetarian and vegan children who do not use vitamin B12 supplements manifest with B12 deficiency; however, supplementation rectifies this problem. Both vegetarians and vegans have lower concentrations of 25(OH)D if unsupplemented, and lower body iron stores, but usually have normal iron metabolism markers. Both groups are at risk of iodine deficiency, and this might affect thyroid health. Children consuming a vegan diet have a more favorable lipid profile than omnivorous children; however, the results for a vegetarian diet are inconsistent and vary by outcome. Based on the same scientific evidence, national and international dietary recommendations are heterogeneous, with some countries supporting plant-based diets among infants, children, and adolescents, and others discouraging them. We offer a research roadmap, highlighting what is needed to provide adequate evidence to harmonize dietary recommendations for plant-based diets in children. A number of measures should urgently be introduced at international and national levels to improve the safety of their use in children.
    MeSH term(s) Child ; Infant ; Adolescent ; Animals ; Humans ; Diet, Plant-Based ; Diet ; Diet, Vegetarian ; Vegetarians ; Diet, Vegan ; Iron ; Outcome Assessment, Health Care
    Chemical Substances Iron (E1UOL152H7)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-01
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2518386-2
    ISSN 2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
    ISSN (online) 2072-6643
    ISSN 2072-6643
    DOI 10.3390/nu16050723
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Dairying and the evolution and consequences of lactase persistence in humans.

    Stock, Jay T / Wells, Jonathan C K

    Animal frontiers : the review magazine of animal agriculture

    2023  Volume 13, Issue 3, Page(s) 7–13

    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-14
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2628125-9
    ISSN 2160-6064 ; 2160-6064
    ISSN (online) 2160-6064
    ISSN 2160-6064
    DOI 10.1093/af/vfad022
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  9. Book: Social information transmission and human biology

    Wells, Jonathan C. K.

    (Society for the study of human biology series ; 46)

    2006  

    Author's details ed. by Jonathan C. K. Wells
    Series title Society for the study of human biology series ; 46
    Symposia of the Society for the Study of Human Biology
    Collection Symposia of the Society for the Study of Human Biology
    Language English
    Size 289 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
    Publisher CRC Taylor & Francis
    Publishing place Boca Raton, Fla
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Book
    HBZ-ID HT014860766
    ISBN 978-0-8493-4047-5 ; 0-8493-4047-0
    Database Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Shelf markLoan statusLocation
    2007 A 261 order for loan Magazin

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  10. Article ; Online: Double burden of malnutrition in thin children and adolescents: low weight does not protect against cardiometabolic risk.

    Wells, Jonathan C K

    European journal of clinical nutrition

    2021  Volume 75, Issue 8, Page(s) 1167–1169

    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology ; Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology ; Cardiovascular Diseases/prevention & control ; Child ; Humans ; Malnutrition/epidemiology ; Malnutrition/prevention & control ; Thinness
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-07-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 639358-5
    ISSN 1476-5640 ; 0954-3007
    ISSN (online) 1476-5640
    ISSN 0954-3007
    DOI 10.1038/s41430-021-00963-w
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

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