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  1. Article ; Online: Maritime transportation and people mobility in the early diffusion of COVID-19 in Croatia.

    Cot, Corentin / Aksentijević, Dea / Jugović, Alen / Cacciapaglia, Giacomo / Mannarini, Gianandrea

    Frontiers in public health

    2023  Volume 11, Page(s) 1183047

    Abstract: Introduction: The outbreak of COVID-19 in Europe began in early 2020, leading to the emergence of several waves of infection with varying timings across European countries. The largest wave of infection occurred in August-September. Croatia, known for ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: The outbreak of COVID-19 in Europe began in early 2020, leading to the emergence of several waves of infection with varying timings across European countries. The largest wave of infection occurred in August-September. Croatia, known for being a hotspot of tourism in the Mediterranean region, raised concerns that it might have played a role in incubating the pandemic during the summer of 2020.
    Methods: To investigate this possibility, we conducted a data-driven study to examine the potential influence of passenger mobility to and within Croatia, utilizing various modes of transportation. To achieve this, we integrated observational datasets into the "epidemic Renormalization Group" modeling framework.
    Results: By comparing the models with epidemiological data, we found that in the case of Croatia in 2020, neither maritime nor train transportation played a prominent role in propagating the infection. Instead, our analysis highlighted the leading role of both road and airborne mobility in the transmission of the virus.
    Discussion: The proposed framework serves to test hypotheses concerning the causation of infectious waves, offering the capacity to rule out unrelated factors from consideration.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Croatia/epidemiology ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Europe ; Disease Outbreaks ; Pandemics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-08-17
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2711781-9
    ISSN 2296-2565 ; 2296-2565
    ISSN (online) 2296-2565
    ISSN 2296-2565
    DOI 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1183047
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Massive Gravitons as Feebly Interacting Dark Matter Candidates.

    Cai, Haiying / Cacciapaglia, Giacomo / Lee, Seung J

    Physical review letters

    2022  Volume 128, Issue 8, Page(s) 81806

    Abstract: We detail our discovery of a chiral enhancement in the production cross sections of massive spin-2 gravitons, below the electroweak symmetry breaking scale, that makes them ideal dark matter candidates for the freeze-in mechanism. The result is ... ...

    Abstract We detail our discovery of a chiral enhancement in the production cross sections of massive spin-2 gravitons, below the electroweak symmetry breaking scale, that makes them ideal dark matter candidates for the freeze-in mechanism. The result is independent of the physics at high scales and points toward masses in the keV-MeV range. The graviton is, therefore, a sub-MeV dark matter particle, as favored by the small scale galaxy structures. We apply the novel calculation to a Randall-Sundrum model with multiple branes, showing a significant parameter space where the first two massive gravitons saturate the dark matter relic density.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-03-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 208853-8
    ISSN 1079-7114 ; 0031-9007
    ISSN (online) 1079-7114
    ISSN 0031-9007
    DOI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.128.081806
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Effective mathematical modelling of health passes during a pandemic.

    Hohenegger, Stefan / Cacciapaglia, Giacomo / Sannino, Francesco

    Scientific reports

    2022  Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 6989

    Abstract: We study the impact on the epidemiological dynamics of a class of restrictive measures that are aimed at reducing the number of contacts of individuals who have a higher risk of being infected with a transmittable disease. Such measures are currently ... ...

    Abstract We study the impact on the epidemiological dynamics of a class of restrictive measures that are aimed at reducing the number of contacts of individuals who have a higher risk of being infected with a transmittable disease. Such measures are currently either implemented or at least discussed in numerous countries worldwide to ward off a potential new wave of COVID-19. They come in the form of Health Passes (HP), which grant full access to public life only to individuals with a certificate that proves that they have either been fully vaccinated, have recovered from a previous infection or have recently tested negative to SARS-Cov-2. We develop both a compartmental model as well as an epidemic Renormalisation Group approach, which is capable of describing the dynamics over a longer period of time, notably an entire epidemiological wave. Introducing different versions of HPs in this model, we are capable of providing quantitative estimates on the effectiveness of the underlying measures as a function of the fraction of the population that is vaccinated and the vaccination rate. We apply our models to the latest COVID-19 wave in several European countries, notably Germany and Austria, which validate our theoretical findings.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Humans ; Models, Theoretical ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vaccination
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-022-10663-5
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Interplay of social distancing and border restrictions for pandemics via the epidemic renormalisation group framework.

    Cacciapaglia, Giacomo / Sannino, Francesco

    Scientific reports

    2020  Volume 10, Issue 1, Page(s) 15828

    Abstract: One of the biggest threats to humanity are pandemics. In our global society they can rage around the world with an immense toll in terms of human, economic and social impact. Forecasting the spreading of a pandemic is, therefore, paramount in helping ... ...

    Abstract One of the biggest threats to humanity are pandemics. In our global society they can rage around the world with an immense toll in terms of human, economic and social impact. Forecasting the spreading of a pandemic is, therefore, paramount in helping governments to enforce a number of social and economic measures, apt at curbing the pandemic and dealing with its aftermath. We demonstrate that the epidemic renormalisation group approach to pandemics provides an effective and simple way to investigate the dynamics of disease transmission and spreading across different regions of the world. The framework also allows for reliable projections on the impact of travel limitations and social distancing measures on global epidemic spread. We test and calibrate it on reported COVID-19 cases while unveiling the mechanism that governs the delay in the relative peaks of newly infected cases among different regions of the globe. We discover that social distancing measures are more effective than travel limitations across borders in delaying the epidemic peak. We further provide the link to compartmental models such as the time-honoured SIR-like models. We also show how to generalise the framework to account for the interactions across several regions of the world, replacing or complementing large scale simulations.
    MeSH term(s) Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Communicable Disease Control/methods ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Emigration and Immigration/statistics & numerical data ; Europe/epidemiology ; Humans ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control ; Psychological Distance ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Travel ; United States/epidemiology
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-020-72175-4
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Effective mathematical modelling of health passes during a pandemic

    Stefan Hohenegger / Giacomo Cacciapaglia / Francesco Sannino

    Scientific Reports, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2022  Volume 13

    Abstract: Abstract We study the impact on the epidemiological dynamics of a class of restrictive measures that are aimed at reducing the number of contacts of individuals who have a higher risk of being infected with a transmittable disease. Such measures are ... ...

    Abstract Abstract We study the impact on the epidemiological dynamics of a class of restrictive measures that are aimed at reducing the number of contacts of individuals who have a higher risk of being infected with a transmittable disease. Such measures are currently either implemented or at least discussed in numerous countries worldwide to ward off a potential new wave of COVID-19. They come in the form of Health Passes (HP), which grant full access to public life only to individuals with a certificate that proves that they have either been fully vaccinated, have recovered from a previous infection or have recently tested negative to SARS-Cov-2. We develop both a compartmental model as well as an epidemic Renormalisation Group approach, which is capable of describing the dynamics over a longer period of time, notably an entire epidemiological wave. Introducing different versions of HPs in this model, we are capable of providing quantitative estimates on the effectiveness of the underlying measures as a function of the fraction of the population that is vaccinated and the vaccination rate. We apply our models to the latest COVID-19 wave in several European countries, notably Germany and Austria, which validate our theoretical findings.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Portfolio
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Mining Google and Apple mobility data: temporal anatomy for COVID-19 social distancing.

    Cot, Corentin / Cacciapaglia, Giacomo / Sannino, Francesco

    Scientific reports

    2021  Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 4150

    Abstract: We employ the Google and Apple mobility data to identify, quantify and classify different degrees of social distancing and characterise their imprint on the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe and in the United States. We identify the period of ...

    Abstract We employ the Google and Apple mobility data to identify, quantify and classify different degrees of social distancing and characterise their imprint on the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe and in the United States. We identify the period of enacted social distancing via Google and Apple data, independently from the political decisions. Our analysis allows us to classify different shades of social distancing measures for the first wave of the pandemic. We observe a strong decrease in the infection rate occurring two to five weeks after the onset of mobility reduction. A universal time scale emerges, after which social distancing shows its impact. We further provide an actual measure of the impact of social distancing for each region, showing that the effect amounts to a reduction by 20-40% in the infection rate in Europe and 30-70% in the US.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19/transmission ; Cell Phone/statistics & numerical data ; Cell Phone/trends ; Cell Phone Use/statistics & numerical data ; Cell Phone Use/trends ; Data Mining/methods ; Europe/epidemiology ; Humans ; Mobile Applications/statistics & numerical data ; Mobile Applications/trends ; Pandemics ; Physical Distancing ; Quarantine/statistics & numerical data ; Quarantine/trends ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification ; United States/epidemiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-18
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-021-83441-4
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Multiwave pandemic dynamics explained: how to tame the next wave of infectious diseases.

    Cacciapaglia, Giacomo / Cot, Corentin / Sannino, Francesco

    Scientific reports

    2021  Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 6638

    Abstract: Pandemics, like the 1918 Spanish Influenza and COVID-19, spread through regions of the World in subsequent waves. Here we propose a consistent picture of the wave pattern based on the epidemic Renormalisation Group (eRG) framework, which is guided by the ...

    Abstract Pandemics, like the 1918 Spanish Influenza and COVID-19, spread through regions of the World in subsequent waves. Here we propose a consistent picture of the wave pattern based on the epidemic Renormalisation Group (eRG) framework, which is guided by the global symmetries of the system under time rescaling. We show that the rate of spreading of the disease can be interpreted as a time-dilation symmetry, while the final stage of an epidemic episode corresponds to reaching a time scale-invariant state. We find that the endemic period between two waves is a sign of instability in the system, associated to near-breaking of the time scale-invariance. This phenomenon can be described in terms of an eRG model featuring complex fixed points. Our results demonstrate that the key to control the arrival of the next wave of a pandemic is in the strolling period in between waves, i.e. when the number of infections grows linearly. Thus, limiting the virus diffusion in this period is the most effective way to prevent or delay the arrival of the next wave. In this work we establish a new guiding principle for the formulation of mid-term governmental strategies to curb pandemics and avoid recurrent waves of infections, deleterious in terms of human life loss and economic damage.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/pathology ; COVID-19/virology ; Health Policy ; Humans ; Influenza, Human/epidemiology ; Influenza, Human/pathology ; Models, Theoretical ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-23
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-021-85875-2
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  8. Article ; Online: Interplay of social distancing and border restrictions for pandemics via the epidemic renormalisation group framework

    Giacomo Cacciapaglia / Francesco Sannino

    Scientific Reports, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2020  Volume 10

    Abstract: Abstract One of the biggest threats to humanity are pandemics. In our global society they can rage around the world with an immense toll in terms of human, economic and social impact. Forecasting the spreading of a pandemic is, therefore, paramount in ... ...

    Abstract Abstract One of the biggest threats to humanity are pandemics. In our global society they can rage around the world with an immense toll in terms of human, economic and social impact. Forecasting the spreading of a pandemic is, therefore, paramount in helping governments to enforce a number of social and economic measures, apt at curbing the pandemic and dealing with its aftermath. We demonstrate that the epidemic renormalisation group approach to pandemics provides an effective and simple way to investigate the dynamics of disease transmission and spreading across different regions of the world. The framework also allows for reliable projections on the impact of travel limitations and social distancing measures on global epidemic spread. We test and calibrate it on reported COVID-19 cases while unveiling the mechanism that governs the delay in the relative peaks of newly infected cases among different regions of the globe. We discover that social distancing measures are more effective than travel limitations across borders in delaying the epidemic peak. We further provide the link to compartmental models such as the time-honoured SIR-like models. We also show how to generalise the framework to account for the interactions across several regions of the world, replacing or complementing large scale simulations.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q ; covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Publishing Group
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article: Towards a fundamental safe theory of composite Higgs and dark matter.

    Cacciapaglia, Giacomo / Ma, Teng / Vatani, Shahram / Wu, Yongcheng

    The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields

    2020  Volume 80, Issue 11, Page(s) 1088

    Abstract: We present a novel paradigm that allows to define a composite theory at the electroweak scale that is well defined all the way up to any energy by means of safety in the UV. The theory flows from a complete UV fixed point to an IR fixed point for the ... ...

    Abstract We present a novel paradigm that allows to define a composite theory at the electroweak scale that is well defined all the way up to any energy by means of safety in the UV. The theory flows from a complete UV fixed point to an IR fixed point for the strong dynamics (which gives the desired walking) before generating a mass gap at the TeV scale. We discuss two models featuring a composite Higgs, Dark Matter and partial compositeness for all SM fermions. The UV theories can also be embedded in a Pati-Salam partial unification, thus removing the instability generated by the
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-24
    Publishing country France
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1459069-4
    ISSN 1434-6052 ; 1434-6044
    ISSN (online) 1434-6052
    ISSN 1434-6044
    DOI 10.1140/epjc/s10052-020-08648-7
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  10. Article ; Online: Mining Google and Apple mobility data

    Corentin Cot / Giacomo Cacciapaglia / Francesco Sannino

    Scientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    temporal anatomy for COVID-19 social distancing

    2021  Volume 8

    Abstract: Abstract We employ the Google and Apple mobility data to identify, quantify and classify different degrees of social distancing and characterise their imprint on the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe and in the United States. We identify the ... ...

    Abstract Abstract We employ the Google and Apple mobility data to identify, quantify and classify different degrees of social distancing and characterise their imprint on the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe and in the United States. We identify the period of enacted social distancing via Google and Apple data, independently from the political decisions. Our analysis allows us to classify different shades of social distancing measures for the first wave of the pandemic. We observe a strong decrease in the infection rate occurring two to five weeks after the onset of mobility reduction. A universal time scale emerges, after which social distancing shows its impact. We further provide an actual measure of the impact of social distancing for each region, showing that the effect amounts to a reduction by 20–40% in the infection rate in Europe and 30–70% in the US.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Portfolio
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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