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  1. Article ; Online: A guide to mycetisms: A toxicological and preventive overview.

    Benvenuti, Mirko / Zotti, Mirca / La Maestra, Sebastiano

    Medical mycology

    2024  Volume 62, Issue 4

    Abstract: Fungi are often considered a delicacy and are primarily cultivated and harvested, although numerous species are responsible for intoxication due to toxin content. Foodborne diseases are a significant public health concern, causing approximately 420 000 ... ...

    Abstract Fungi are often considered a delicacy and are primarily cultivated and harvested, although numerous species are responsible for intoxication due to toxin content. Foodborne diseases are a significant public health concern, causing approximately 420 000 deaths and 600 million morbidities yearly, of which mushroom poisoning is one of the leading causes. Epidemiological data on non-cultivated mushroom poisoning in individual countries are often unrepresentative, as intoxication rarely requires emergency intervention. On the other hand, the lack of specialist knowledge among medical personnel about the toxicological manifestations of mushroom consumption may result in ineffective therapeutic interventions. This work aims to provide an easy-to-consult and wide-ranging tool useful for better understanding the variability of mushroom intoxications, the associated symptoms, and the main treatments for the most severe cases, given the absence of a complete species mapping tool toxic. Moreover, we establish an effective collection network that describes the incidence of mushroom poisonings by reporting the species and associated toxicological manifestations for each case. In conclusion, we highlight the need to establish appropriate primary prevention interventions, such as training the affected population and increasing consultancy relationships between mycological experts and specialised healthcare personnel.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Mushroom Poisoning/prevention & control ; Mushroom Poisoning/epidemiology ; Agaricales/chemistry
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1421796-x
    ISSN 1460-2709 ; 1369-3786
    ISSN (online) 1460-2709
    ISSN 1369-3786
    DOI 10.1093/mmy/myae033
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  2. Article ; Online: [No title information]

    DE Flora, Silvio / Balansky, Roumen / LA Maestra, Sebastiano

    Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene

    2021  Volume 62, Issue 1 Suppl 3, Page(s) E34–E45

    Title translation Antioxidants and COVID-19.
    MeSH term(s) Acetylcysteine ; Antioxidants ; COVID-19/pathology ; Glutathione ; Humans ; Oxidants ; Oxidative Stress/physiology ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; SARS-CoV-2
    Chemical Substances Antioxidants ; Oxidants ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; Glutathione (GAN16C9B8O) ; Acetylcysteine (WYQ7N0BPYC)
    Language Italian
    Publishing date 2021-06-05
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1102926-2
    ISSN 2421-4248 ; 1121-2233
    ISSN (online) 2421-4248
    ISSN 1121-2233
    DOI 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2021.62.1S3.1895
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  3. Article ; Online: Comet-FISH analysis of urothelial cells. A screening opportunity for bladder cancer?

    La Maestra, Sebastiano / Benvenuti, Mirko / D'Agostini, Francesco / Micale, Rosanna T

    Expert review of molecular diagnostics

    2023  Volume 23, Issue 8, Page(s) 653–663

    Abstract: Introduction: Bladder cancer (BCa) is the most frequent cancer of the urinary tract, with more than 500,000 reported cases and nearly 200,000 related deaths yearly. Cystoscopy is the standard examination used for the initial diagnosis and follow-up of ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Bladder cancer (BCa) is the most frequent cancer of the urinary tract, with more than 500,000 reported cases and nearly 200,000 related deaths yearly. Cystoscopy is the standard examination used for the initial diagnosis and follow-up of BCa in the noninvasive stage. However, the American Cancer Society does not include BCa screening in its list of recommended cancer screenings.
    Areas covered: Recently, several urine-based bladder tumor markers (UBBTMs) that identify genomic, transcriptomic, epigenetic, or protein alterations have been introduced, some of which have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to improve its diagnosis and surveillance. Several biomarkers have been found in the tissues and blood of individuals with BCa or predisposed to develop the disease, further enriching our information.
    Expert opinion: From a prevention perspective, alkaline Comet-FISH could be a valuable tool with broad potential for clinical application. Furthermore, a comet assay could be more beneficial for diagnosing and monitoring bladder cancer and determining individual susceptibility. Thus, we recommend further studies to understand the potential of this combined assay in the general population as a potential screening test and in patients initiated into the diagnostic process.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Comet Assay ; Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics ; Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/genetics ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology ; Cystoscopy
    Chemical Substances Biomarkers, Tumor
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-21
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2112530-2
    ISSN 1744-8352 ; 1473-7159
    ISSN (online) 1744-8352
    ISSN 1473-7159
    DOI 10.1080/14737159.2023.2227381
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article: Micronuclei in Fish Erythrocytes as Genotoxic Biomarkers of Water Pollution: An Overview.

    D'Agostini, Francesco / La Maestra, Sebastiano

    Reviews of environmental contamination and toxicology

    2021  Volume 258, Page(s) 195–240

    Abstract: Freshwater and marine water bodies receive chemical contaminants from industrial, agricultural, urban, and domestic wastes. Eco-genotoxicity assays are useful tools to assess the cumulative genotoxicity of these pollutants. Fish are suitable indicators ... ...

    Abstract Freshwater and marine water bodies receive chemical contaminants from industrial, agricultural, urban, and domestic wastes. Eco-genotoxicity assays are useful tools to assess the cumulative genotoxicity of these pollutants. Fish are suitable indicators for biomonitoring of mutagenic and carcinogenic pollution.In this review, we present a complete overview of the studies performed so far using the micronucleus test in peripheral erythrocytes of fish exposed to polluted water. We have listed all the species of fish used and the geographical distribution of the investigations. We have analyzed and discussed all technical aspects of using this test in fish, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the different experimental protocols. We have reported the results of all studies. This assay has become, for years, one of the simplest, fastest, and most cost-effective for assessing genotoxic risk in aquatic environments. However, there are still several factors influencing the variability of the results. Therefore, we have given indications and suggestions to achieve a standardization of experimental procedures and ensure uniformity of future investigations.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Biomarkers ; DNA Damage ; Environmental Monitoring ; Erythrocytes/chemistry ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysis ; Water Pollutants, Chemical/toxicity ; Water Pollution
    Chemical Substances Biomarkers ; Water Pollutants, Chemical
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-06
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 90606-2
    ISSN 0179-5953
    ISSN 0179-5953
    DOI 10.1007/398_2021_76
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  5. Article ; Online: Epidemiological trends of COVID-19 epidemic in Italy over March 2020: From 1000 to 100 000 cases.

    La Maestra, Sebastiano / Abbondandolo, Angelo / De Flora, Silvio

    Journal of medical virology

    2020  Volume 92, Issue 10, Page(s) 1956–1961

    Abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic started in Italy by the end of January 2020 and, after 1 month, it affected 1049 persons. Based on the Italian Ministry of Health data, we reconstructed the daily course of virus-positive cases and deaths over March ... ...

    Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic started in Italy by the end of January 2020 and, after 1 month, it affected 1049 persons. Based on the Italian Ministry of Health data, we reconstructed the daily course of virus-positive cases and deaths over March 2020 for the whole of Italy, 19 regions and 2 provinces. From 29 February to 31 March, there was a 100.9-fold increase in the cumulative number of cases and a 428.6-fold increase in the number of deaths in Italy. When plotted on a semilogarithmic scale, the curves tended to diverge from linearity with 23%, 16%, and 7% average daily increases during the three decades of March. Similarly, the number of deaths decreased from an average daily growth of 19% over the second decade to 10% over the third decade. The correlation coefficients relating the days to cases or deaths over each one of the three decades approached unity. As inferred from the equations of the regression lines relative to the three decades, the doubling times of cases were 3.4, 5.1, and 9.6 days, respectively. The doubling times of deaths over the second and third decades were 4.9 and 7.0 days, respectively. There was a broad geographic variability, with a striking gradient from the North, where 40.8% of cases and 57.9% of deaths occurred in Lombardy, to the South. On the whole, over March there was a trend to epidemic growth decline but the time for the end of the epidemic will depend on a variety of factors and, at present, it is unpredictable.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/mortality ; Humans ; Italy/epidemiology ; Pandemics
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-05-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 752392-0
    ISSN 1096-9071 ; 0146-6615
    ISSN (online) 1096-9071
    ISSN 0146-6615
    DOI 10.1002/jmv.25908
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  6. Article ; Online: Growth and decline of the COVID-19 epidemic wave in Italy from March to June 2020.

    De Flora, Silvio / La Maestra, Sebastiano

    Journal of medical virology

    2020  Volume 93, Issue 3, Page(s) 1613–1619

    Abstract: March 21, 2020 was the ridgeline between the growth of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic wave in Italy and the start of its decline. We analyzed the epidemic patterns from March 1 to June 30. There was a progressive drop of cases from ... ...

    Abstract March 21, 2020 was the ridgeline between the growth of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic wave in Italy and the start of its decline. We analyzed the epidemic patterns from March 1 to June 30. There was a progressive drop of cases from March (104,710) to April (94,888), May (25,705) and June (8110). Likewise, after a slight increase of deaths in April (14,804) compared to March (12,396), a considerable decline occurred in May (5170) and June (1464). Doubling times of cumulative cases grew from 2 to 6 days until March 20 to 2 weeks up to April 5, and thereafter no further doubling occurred until June 30. There was a striking North-South gradient of both cases and deaths. At the end of June, the nine Northern Italian regions or provinces, five central regions, and seven southern regions had contributed to the 81.1%, 12.4%, and 6.5% of the 240,578 national cases, respectively. Lombardy, the most populous region, was by far the most heavily affected one, accounting for the 39.0% of the national cases occurring over the analyzed 4-month period. However, in relative terms, it was preceded by Aosta Valley, the least populous region, less than 1% of the population of both regions having been affected by cases of COVID-19. The curves showing the ratio of daily cumulative cases and deaths to those of the previous day tended to flatten with time by approaching the zero growth but without reaching it, which documents a persisting circulation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in the Italian territory.
    MeSH term(s) COVID-19/epidemiology ; Epidemics/prevention & control ; Humans ; Italy/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2/pathogenicity
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 752392-0
    ISSN 1096-9071 ; 0146-6615
    ISSN (online) 1096-9071
    ISSN 0146-6615
    DOI 10.1002/jmv.26499
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  7. Article ; Online: Rationale for the use of N-acetylcysteine in both prevention and adjuvant therapy of COVID-19.

    De Flora, Silvio / Balansky, Roumen / La Maestra, Sebastiano

    FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology

    2020  Volume 34, Issue 10, Page(s) 13185–13193

    Abstract: COVID-19 may cause pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, cardiovascular alterations, and multiple organ failure, which have been ascribed to a cytokine storm, a systemic inflammatory response, and an attack by the immune system. Moreover, an ... ...

    Abstract COVID-19 may cause pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, cardiovascular alterations, and multiple organ failure, which have been ascribed to a cytokine storm, a systemic inflammatory response, and an attack by the immune system. Moreover, an oxidative stress imbalance has been demonstrated to occur in COVID-19 patients. N- Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) is a precursor of reduced glutathione (GSH). Due to its tolerability, this pleiotropic drug has been proposed not only as a mucolytic agent, but also as a preventive/therapeutic agent in a variety of disorders involving GSH depletion and oxidative stress. At very high doses, NAC is also used as an antidote against paracetamol intoxication. Thiols block the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 thereby hampering penetration of SARS-CoV-2 into cells. Based on a broad range of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, which are herein reviewed, the oral administration of NAC is likely to attenuate the risk of developing COVID-19, as it was previously demonstrated for influenza and influenza-like illnesses. Moreover, high-dose intravenous NAC may be expected to play an adjuvant role in the treatment of severe COVID-19 cases and in the control of its lethal complications, also including pulmonary and cardiovascular adverse events.
    MeSH term(s) Acetylcysteine/therapeutic use ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/antagonists & inhibitors ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/metabolism ; Antioxidants/therapeutic use ; COVID-19/drug therapy ; COVID-19/metabolism ; COVID-19/pathology ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Humans ; Oxidative Stress/drug effects ; SARS-CoV-2/metabolism ; Virus Internalization/drug effects
    Chemical Substances Antioxidants ; ACE2 protein, human (EC 3.4.17.23) ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (EC 3.4.17.23) ; Acetylcysteine (WYQ7N0BPYC)
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 639186-2
    ISSN 1530-6860 ; 0892-6638
    ISSN (online) 1530-6860
    ISSN 0892-6638
    DOI 10.1096/fj.202001807
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  8. Article ; Online: Rationale for the use of N ‐acetylcysteine in both prevention and adjuvant therapy of COVID‐19

    De Flora, Silvio / Balansky, Roumen / La Maestra, Sebastiano

    The FASEB Journal

    2020  Volume 34, Issue 10, Page(s) 13185–13193

    Keywords Biotechnology ; Genetics ; Biochemistry ; Molecular Biology ; covid19
    Language English
    Publisher Wiley
    Publishing country us
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 639186-2
    ISSN 1530-6860 ; 0892-6638
    ISSN (online) 1530-6860
    ISSN 0892-6638
    DOI 10.1096/fj.202001807
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  9. Article ; Online: Growth and decline of the COVID‐19 epidemic wave in Italy from March to June 2020

    De Flora, Silvio / La Maestra, Sebastiano

    Journal of Medical Virology ; ISSN 0146-6615 1096-9071

    2020  

    Keywords Virology ; Infectious Diseases ; covid19
    Language English
    Publisher Wiley
    Publishing country us
    Document type Article ; Online
    DOI 10.1002/jmv.26499
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  10. Article ; Online: Epidemiological trends of COVID‐19 epidemic in Italy over March 2020

    La Maestra, Sebastiano / Abbondandolo, Angelo / De Flora, Silvio

    Journal of Medical Virology

    From 1000 to 100 000 cases

    2020  Volume 92, Issue 10, Page(s) 1956–1961

    Keywords Virology ; Infectious Diseases ; covid19
    Language English
    Publisher Wiley
    Publishing country us
    Document type Article ; Online
    ZDB-ID 752392-0
    ISSN 1096-9071 ; 0146-6615
    ISSN (online) 1096-9071
    ISSN 0146-6615
    DOI 10.1002/jmv.25908
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