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  1. Article: Ergosterol biosynthesis inhibition: a target for antifungal agents.

    Barrett-Bee, K / Dixon, G

    Acta biochimica Polonica

    1995  Volume 42, Issue 4, Page(s) 465–479

    Abstract: The isoprenoid sterols play a crucial role in the viability of all fungi; those unable to synthesise ergosterol because of inhibition, growth conditions or mutation must take it up from the environment. A range of compound types have been discovered ... ...

    Abstract The isoprenoid sterols play a crucial role in the viability of all fungi; those unable to synthesise ergosterol because of inhibition, growth conditions or mutation must take it up from the environment. A range of compound types have been discovered which interfere with the biosynthetic pathway from acetate to ergosterol and these compounds have antifungal actions. Inhibition of several of the steps has yielded agents which have been used with great success as medical and agrochemical agents. The most important biosynthetic steps that have been exploited are inhibition of squalene epoxidase, (the allylamines and tolnaftate) C14 demethylation (the azoles), delta 7,8 isomerase and delta 14 reductase which are inhibited by the morpholines. Recent research has shown that inhibition of C24 methyltransferase and C4 demethylation also yield antifungal agents. Combination studies demonstrate that synergy between agents of different types can be measured. Fungicidal effects were observed when a combination of two fungistatic agents was used.
    MeSH term(s) Antifungal Agents/pharmacology ; Drug Synergism ; Enzymes/genetics ; Enzymes/metabolism ; Ergosterol/antagonists & inhibitors ; Ergosterol/biosynthesis ; Folic Acid Antagonists/pharmacology ; Methylation ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/enzymology ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics ; Sulfonamides/pharmacology
    Chemical Substances Antifungal Agents ; Enzymes ; Folic Acid Antagonists ; Sulfonamides ; Ergosterol (Z30RAY509F)
    Language English
    Publishing date 1995
    Publishing country Poland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 595762-x
    ISSN 1734-154X ; 0001-527X
    ISSN (online) 1734-154X
    ISSN 0001-527X
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: The accumulation of novobiocin by Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.

    Barrett-Bee, K / Pinder, P

    The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy

    1994  Volume 33, Issue 6, Page(s) 1165–1171

    Abstract: The accumulation of novobiocin by Escherichia coli was shown to be a nonsaturable process. Inhibitors or uncouplers of respiration had no effect on accumulation in cells grown in Isosensitest broth, whereas, bacteria grown in nutrient broth demonstrated ... ...

    Abstract The accumulation of novobiocin by Escherichia coli was shown to be a nonsaturable process. Inhibitors or uncouplers of respiration had no effect on accumulation in cells grown in Isosensitest broth, whereas, bacteria grown in nutrient broth demonstrated an energy-dependent efflux mechanism. In contrast, accumulation of novobiocin by Staphylococcus aureus was found to have a Km of 74 microM and uncouplers and inhibitors of respiration reduced the accumulation suggesting that in S. aureus novobiocin is transported actively.
    MeSH term(s) Escherichia coli/metabolism ; Novobiocin/pharmacokinetics ; Staphylococcus aureus/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Novobiocin (17EC19951N)
    Language English
    Publishing date 1994-06
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 191709-2
    ISSN 1460-2091 ; 0305-7453
    ISSN (online) 1460-2091
    ISSN 0305-7453
    DOI 10.1093/jac/33.6.1165
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  3. Article: Antigen-induced histamine release from sensitized tissue and the measurement of calcium ion fluxes.

    Barrett-Bee, K

    Biochemical and biophysical research communications

    1981  Volume 98, Issue 2, Page(s) 397–403

    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Antigens ; Calcium/metabolism ; Guinea Pigs ; Histamine Release/drug effects ; Hypersensitivity/immunology ; Isoproterenol/pharmacology ; Lung/drug effects ; Lung/immunology ; Phenanthrolines/pharmacology ; Rats
    Chemical Substances Antigens ; Phenanthrolines ; bufrolin (46C1PX266N) ; Isoproterenol (L628TT009W) ; Calcium (SY7Q814VUP)
    Language English
    Publishing date 1981-01-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 205723-2
    ISSN 0006-291X ; 0006-291X
    ISSN (online) 0006-291X
    ISSN 0006-291X
    DOI 10.1016/0006-291x(81)90853-6
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  4. Article: The mode of antibacterial action of the novel agent ZM240304 (D-arabino-2,3,4-tris(4-chlorobenzyl) pentane-1,5-diamine).

    Barrett-Bee, K / Newboult, L / Stawpert, J

    The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy

    1996  Volume 38, Issue 4, Page(s) 605–614

    Abstract: ZM240304 is an example of a new class of antibacterial agents that is active against experimental infections in animals. The compound was demonstrated to be a membrane-active compound that disrupted the outer membrane of Gram-negative organisms and ... ...

    Abstract ZM240304 is an example of a new class of antibacterial agents that is active against experimental infections in animals. The compound was demonstrated to be a membrane-active compound that disrupted the outer membrane of Gram-negative organisms and allowed the leakage of periplasmic enzymes. Respiration was inhibited and cellular ATP levels were reduced, leading to cell death. The ability of the bacteria to take up small molecules such as amino acids and sugars was inhibited, probably by interference with inner membrane function.
    MeSH term(s) Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/chemistry ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Diamines/chemistry ; Diamines/pharmacology ; Gram-Negative Bacteria/drug effects ; Gram-Negative Bacteria/growth & development ; Gram-Negative Bacteria/metabolism ; Gram-Positive Bacteria/drug effects ; Gram-Positive Bacteria/growth & development ; Gram-Positive Bacteria/metabolism ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Oxygen Consumption/drug effects ; Phenyl Ethers/chemistry ; Phenyl Ethers/pharmacology ; Structure-Activity Relationship
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Diamines ; Phenyl Ethers ; ZM 240304 ; Adenosine Triphosphate (8L70Q75FXE)
    Language English
    Publishing date 1996-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 191709-2
    ISSN 1460-2091 ; 0305-7453
    ISSN (online) 1460-2091
    ISSN 0305-7453
    DOI 10.1093/jac/38.4.605
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: A comparison of the accumulation of novobiocin into bacteria with its antibacterial properties.

    Barrett-Bee, K / Pinder, P / Stawpert, J

    The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy

    1994  Volume 34, Issue 6, Page(s) 1041–1045

    Abstract: The accumulation of novobiocin in bacteria has been compared with the MIC, inhibition of DNA biosynthesis and inhibition of the activity of isolated DNA gyrase for a range of species. There was a good correlation between MIC and the inhibition of DNA ... ...

    Abstract The accumulation of novobiocin in bacteria has been compared with the MIC, inhibition of DNA biosynthesis and inhibition of the activity of isolated DNA gyrase for a range of species. There was a good correlation between MIC and the inhibition of DNA biosynthesis and DNA gyrase. Novobiocin accumulation did not correlate with any other parameter.
    MeSH term(s) Bacteria/drug effects ; Bacteria/enzymology ; Bacteria/genetics ; DNA Topoisomerases, Type I/drug effects ; DNA, Bacterial/biosynthesis ; DNA, Bacterial/drug effects ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Novobiocin/pharmacology ; Permeability
    Chemical Substances DNA, Bacterial ; Novobiocin (17EC19951N) ; DNA Topoisomerases, Type I (EC 5.99.1.2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 1994-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Comparative Study ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 191709-2
    ISSN 1460-2091 ; 0305-7453
    ISSN (online) 1460-2091
    ISSN 0305-7453
    DOI 10.1093/jac/34.6.1041
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: The membrane destabilising action of the antibacterial agent chlorhexidine.

    Barrett-Bee, K / Newboult, L / Edwards, S

    FEMS microbiology letters

    1994  Volume 119, Issue 1-2, Page(s) 249–253

    Abstract: The antibacterial agent chlorhexidine has long been used as an agent for medical antisepsis. This compound is a membrane active agent which probably has its major antibacterial action by interference with the function of cellular membranes. The results ... ...

    Abstract The antibacterial agent chlorhexidine has long been used as an agent for medical antisepsis. This compound is a membrane active agent which probably has its major antibacterial action by interference with the function of cellular membranes. The results demonstrated an inhibition of oxygen utilisation by bacteria which was related to falls in cellular ATP levels. There was an effect on the outer membranes of Gram-negative bacteria which allowed the release of periplasmic enzymes. The inner membrane was not ruptured but its functionality was breached and there was an inhibition of active uptake of small molecules which did not appear to be related to cellular ATP levels.
    MeSH term(s) Adenosine Triphosphate/analysis ; Bacteria/drug effects ; Bacteria/metabolism ; Cell Membrane/drug effects ; Chlorhexidine/pharmacology ; Oxygen Consumption ; beta-Lactamases/secretion
    Chemical Substances Adenosine Triphosphate (8L70Q75FXE) ; beta-Lactamases (EC 3.5.2.6) ; Chlorhexidine (R4KO0DY52L)
    Language English
    Publishing date 1994-06-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 752343-9
    ISSN 1574-6968 ; 0378-1097
    ISSN (online) 1574-6968
    ISSN 0378-1097
    DOI 10.1111/j.1574-6968.1994.tb06896.x
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  7. Article: Ionophore- and antigen-induced histamine release from mast cells and a comparison of their inhibition [proceedings].

    Barrett-Bee, K J

    Biochemical Society transactions

    1977  Volume 5, Issue 4, Page(s) 965–967

    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Antigens ; Calcimycin/pharmacology ; Cations ; Histamine Release/drug effects ; Lasalocid/pharmacology ; Mast Cells/drug effects ; Mast Cells/immunology ; Mast Cells/metabolism ; Rats
    Chemical Substances Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Antigens ; Cations ; Calcimycin (37H9VM9WZL) ; Lasalocid (W7V2ZZ2FWB)
    Language English
    Publishing date 1977
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 184237-7
    ISSN 1470-8752 ; 0300-5127
    ISSN (online) 1470-8752
    ISSN 0300-5127
    DOI 10.1042/bst0050965
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    Zs.A 944: Show issues Location:
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  8. Article: The detection and analysis of chitinase activity from the yeast form of Candida albicans.

    Barrett-Bee, K / Hamilton, M

    Journal of general microbiology

    1984  Volume 130, Issue 7, Page(s) 1857–1861

    Abstract: Chitinase activity was detected in the supernatant fraction of a high-speed centrifugation preparation of broken Candida albicans yeast cells. The enzyme showed peak activity during the rapid budding phase of growth and was found to parallel the chitin ... ...

    Abstract Chitinase activity was detected in the supernatant fraction of a high-speed centrifugation preparation of broken Candida albicans yeast cells. The enzyme showed peak activity during the rapid budding phase of growth and was found to parallel the chitin synthase activity. The optimum conditions for the hydrolysis of chitin, regenerated from acetylation of chitosan, were determined. Analysis of the kinetics of the enzyme-substrate interaction and a measurement of their binding suggests that an equilibrium binding situation exists and that the kinetics follow a Langmuir isotherm interaction.
    MeSH term(s) Candida albicans/enzymology ; Candida albicans/growth & development ; Chitin/metabolism ; Chitinases/metabolism ; Kinetics
    Chemical Substances Chitin (1398-61-4) ; Chitinases (EC 3.2.1.14)
    Language English
    Publishing date 1984-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3083-1
    ISSN 0022-1287
    ISSN 0022-1287
    DOI 10.1099/00221287-130-7-1857
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  9. Article: Biochemical changes associated with the antifungal action of the triazole ICI 153,066 on Candida albicans and Trichophyton quinckeanum.

    Barrett-Bee, K / Newboult, L / Pinder, P

    FEMS microbiology letters

    1991  Volume 63, Issue 2-3, Page(s) 127–131

    Abstract: The triazole antifungal agent, ICI 153,066, acts on Candida albicans and Trichophyton quinckeanum by inhibiting demethylation of the sterol ring. In C. albicans this is at the level of lanosterol whereas in T. quinckeanum it is at the level of 24- ... ...

    Abstract The triazole antifungal agent, ICI 153,066, acts on Candida albicans and Trichophyton quinckeanum by inhibiting demethylation of the sterol ring. In C. albicans this is at the level of lanosterol whereas in T. quinckeanum it is at the level of 24-methylene lanosterol. Inhibition of the demethylation system was shown to be non-competitive, the Vmax of the enzyme was reduced rather than affinity for the substrate lanosterol. The changes in the sterols of C. albicans lead to inhibition of the transport of amino acids into the yeasts which probably resulted from alterations in the membrane bound permeation systems. The reduction in uptake of amino acids was shown to reflect a change in the velocity of transport rather than the affinity of the amino acids for the transport systems.
    MeSH term(s) Acetates/metabolism ; Acetic Acid ; Amino Acids/metabolism ; Antifungal Agents/pharmacology ; Candida albicans/drug effects ; Candida albicans/metabolism ; Ergosterol/analysis ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Lanosterol/metabolism ; Mevalonic Acid/metabolism ; Sterols/biosynthesis ; Triazoles/pharmacology ; Trichophyton/drug effects ; Trichophyton/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Acetates ; Amino Acids ; Antifungal Agents ; Sterols ; Triazoles ; Lanosterol (1J05Z83K3M) ; ICI 153066 (76674-22-1) ; Acetic Acid (Q40Q9N063P) ; Mevalonic Acid (S5UOB36OCZ) ; Ergosterol (Z30RAY509F)
    Language English
    Publishing date 1991-04-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 752343-9
    ISSN 1574-6968 ; 0378-1097
    ISSN (online) 1574-6968
    ISSN 0378-1097
    DOI 10.1016/0378-1097(91)90074-k
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  10. Article: The nature of the beta-adrenoceptor involved in the inhibition of antigen-induced histamine release.

    Barrett-Bee, K / Lees, J

    Biochemical and biophysical research communications

    1978  Volume 84, Issue 4, Page(s) 998–1002

    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Antigens ; Binding, Competitive ; Guinea Pigs ; Histamine Release ; Hypersensitivity ; Isoproterenol/metabolism ; Lung/immunology ; Lung/physiology ; Ovalbumin ; Rats ; Receptors, Adrenergic/physiology ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/physiology ; Skin/immunology ; Skin Physiological Phenomena
    Chemical Substances Antigens ; Receptors, Adrenergic ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta ; Ovalbumin (9006-59-1) ; Isoproterenol (L628TT009W)
    Language English
    Publishing date 1978-10-30
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 205723-2
    ISSN 0006-291X ; 0006-291X
    ISSN (online) 0006-291X
    ISSN 0006-291X
    DOI 10.1016/0006-291x(78)91682-0
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