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Article ; Online: Estimation of E-waste Generation, Residential Behavior, and Disposal Practices from Major Governorates in Jordan.

Hamdan, Sudki / Saidan, Motasem N

2020 Volume 66, Issue 5, Page(s) 884–898

Abstract: Estimating the generation of e-waste in governorates is critically needed for sustainable and environmentally sound e-waste management in Jordan. The main objectives of the present study are to quantify and evaluate the annual e-waste generation in all ... ...

Abstract	Estimating the generation of e-waste in governorates is critically needed for sustainable and environmentally sound e-waste management in Jordan. The main objectives of the present study are to quantify and evaluate the annual e-waste generation in all governorates in Jordan and disposal practices. The present study comprises the information of e-waste as classified by the European Union Directive including six main categories (16 United Nations University key items). The survey targeted 15,883 households (12.52% females and 87.48% males), where primary data on e-waste generation and disposal methods were gathered, assessed, and quantified. Subsequently, the survey-based data collected from the study sample have been extrapolated to quantify an e-waste generation inventory for Jordan and the disposal methods using ArcGIS mapping. The study-extrapolated findings reveal that ~8,735,187 e-waste items (13 ktons) had been turned into e-waste and discarded by all households in 2018 in the 12 governorates in Jordan. Moreover, dumping of e-waste is still the dominant disposal method practiced by 58.4% of households in Jordan. The other disposal practices showed that granting of the waste EEE to others has the share of 16.6%; selling (10.7%); delivering the waste EEE for environmentally sound recycling (6.8%); and others practices represented 7.4%. Furthermore, the present study has played a vital role in e-waste awareness dissemination since the findings of the present study have been modeled and shown online by the Department of Statistics, Jordan through the link ( https://arcg.is/1KzvjO ). Finally, the challenges, barriers, and prospects of e-waste management in Jordan have been explored in the present study.
MeSH term(s)	Electronic Waste/analysis ; Family Characteristics ; Humans ; Jordan ; Recycling ; Refuse Disposal ; Waste Management
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1478932-2
ISSN	1432-1009 ; 0364-152X
ISSN (online)	1432-1009
ISSN	0364-152X
DOI	10.1007/s00267-020-01341-1
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Article: Cross-sectional survey of non-hazardous waste composition and quantities in industrial sector and potential recycling in Jordan

Saidan, Motasem N

Environmental nanotechnology, monitoring & management. 2019 Dec., v. 12

2019

Abstract: Generation of different types and quantities of non-hazardous solid waste in the industrial sector are subject to different factors including the type of industry, production capacity, and raw materials involved in the production processes. The present ... ...

Abstract	Generation of different types and quantities of non-hazardous solid waste in the industrial sector are subject to different factors including the type of industry, production capacity, and raw materials involved in the production processes. The present study is a cross-sectional descriptive study which was conducted in 400 industries in Jordan in 2016. A structured questionnaire was used to collect all data related to the industrial processes, the types and quantities of waste generation, waste management practices and other general data. Moreover, quick-walk through assessment and observations were needed to get more details in some industries. The collected data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 19 software. Based on the results, the monthly generation rate of waste and daily waste generation per worker indicators were determined as 10,580.3 tonnes/month and 10.16 kg per day per worker, respectively. Also, it was found that the chemical industries followed by the agricultural and food Industries were the most waste generating sectors with 47.7% and 35.26%, respectively. Breaking down by NHIW category type, plastics (31.9%) and metals (28%) constituted about 59.9% of total waste generated. While only 28% of the industries showed recycling practice which is not very common in the surveyed industries, segregation of solid waste was reported by nearly 54.3% of industries within the five sectors. Moreover, the total waste generation was extrapolated based on the currently existing number of workers (93030 workers) in the five industrial sectors, and consequently estimated to equal 331743.7 tonnes per year. Finally, in total more than $71 million per year can be gained by expenses savings and recyclables selling of NHIW categories.
Keywords	chemical industry ; computer software ; cross-sectional studies ; descriptive studies ; food industry ; metals ; plastics ; questionnaires ; raw materials ; recycling ; solid wastes ; waste composition ; Jordan
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-12
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ISSN	2215-1532
DOI	10.1016/j.enmm.2019.100227
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Article: Estimation of E-waste Generation, Residential Behavior, and Disposal Practices from Major Governorates in Jordan

Hamdan, Sudki / Saidan, Motasem N

Environmental management. 2020 Nov., v. 66, no. 5

2020

Abstract	Estimating the generation of e-waste in governorates is critically needed for sustainable and environmentally sound e-waste management in Jordan. The main objectives of the present study are to quantify and evaluate the annual e-waste generation in all governorates in Jordan and disposal practices. The present study comprises the information of e-waste as classified by the European Union Directive including six main categories (16 United Nations University key items). The survey targeted 15,883 households (12.52% females and 87.48% males), where primary data on e-waste generation and disposal methods were gathered, assessed, and quantified. Subsequently, the survey-based data collected from the study sample have been extrapolated to quantify an e-waste generation inventory for Jordan and the disposal methods using ArcGIS mapping. The study-extrapolated findings reveal that ~8,735,187 e-waste items (13 ktons) had been turned into e-waste and discarded by all households in 2018 in the 12 governorates in Jordan. Moreover, dumping of e-waste is still the dominant disposal method practiced by 58.4% of households in Jordan. The other disposal practices showed that granting of the waste EEE to others has the share of 16.6%; selling (10.7%); delivering the waste EEE for environmentally sound recycling (6.8%); and others practices represented 7.4%. Furthermore, the present study has played a vital role in e-waste awareness dissemination since the findings of the present study have been modeled and shown online by the Department of Statistics, Jordan through the link (https://arcg.is/1KzvjO). Finally, the challenges, barriers, and prospects of e-waste management in Jordan have been explored in the present study.
Keywords	European Union ; electronic wastes ; inventories ; statistics ; surveys ; Jordan
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-11
Size	p. 884-898.
Publishing place	Springer US
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-AP-2-clean
ZDB-ID	1478932-2
ISSN	1432-1009 ; 0364-152X
ISSN (online)	1432-1009
ISSN	0364-152X
DOI	10.1007/s00267-020-01341-1
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Article ; Online: Improvement of linerboard compressive strength by hot-pressing and addition of recovered lignin from spent pulping liquor

Saidan Motasem N.

Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly, Vol 21, Iss 1-1, Pp 107-

2015 Volume 112

Abstract: This paper evaluates the effect of addition of precipitated lignin, from spent pulping black liquor, to a wet single-ply linerboard handsheet followed by hot-pressing at different temperatures, on the improvement of its compressive strength. Linerboard ... ...

Abstract	This paper evaluates the effect of addition of precipitated lignin, from spent pulping black liquor, to a wet single-ply linerboard handsheet followed by hot-pressing at different temperatures, on the improvement of its compressive strength. Linerboard handsheets for testing the effect of lignin addition were prepared so that the lignin-modified sheets would have the same basis weights as the control handsheets. Both the commercial and the black liquor lignin were added as a powder to wet handsheets after couching from the handsheet mold. The experiments and testing of the physical and strength properties of dried handsheets were conducted according to TAPPI test methods. The results revealed that the addition of the recovered lignin (at pH of 2) to the wet handsheet followed by hot-pressing at 150°C increased the compressive strength of linerboard handsheets by 10% to 20% above that for handsheets made without the addition of lignin. The same results were achieved using purchased lignin. However, with a 16% addition to linerboard, purchased lignin would be too expensive. These results indicate that inclusion of kraft lignin in linerboard sheets could be proved as an attractive option to reduce linerboard basis weight.
Keywords	lignin ; compressive strength ; linerboard ; black liquor ; kraft pulp ; Chemistry ; QD1-999 ; Science ; Q
Subject code	660
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Association of the Chemical Engineers
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Estimation of the probable outbreak size of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) in social gathering events and industrial activities.

Saidan, Motasem N / Shbool, Mohammad A / Arabeyyat, Omar Suleiman / Al-Shihabi, Sameh T / Abdallat, Yousef Al / Barghash, Mahmoud A / Saidan, Hakam

International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases

2020 Volume 98, Page(s) 321–327

Abstract: Background: The reproduction number (R: Objectives: In this study, we estimated the probable outbreak size of COVID-19 clusters mathematically using a simple model that can predict the number of COVID-19 cases as a function of time.: Methods: We ... ...

Abstract	Background: The reproduction number (R Objectives: In this study, we estimated the probable outbreak size of COVID-19 clusters mathematically using a simple model that can predict the number of COVID-19 cases as a function of time. Methods: We proposed a mathematical model to estimate the R Results: The highest R Conclusions: This study provides predictive COVID-19 transmission patterns in different cluster types based on different R
MeSH term(s)	Betacoronavirus/physiology ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Coronavirus Infections/transmission ; Coronavirus Infections/virology ; Humans ; Models, Theoretical ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Physical Distancing ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control ; Pneumonia, Viral/transmission ; Pneumonia, Viral/virology ; SARS-CoV-2
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-04
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1331197-9
ISSN	1878-3511 ; 1201-9712
ISSN (online)	1878-3511
ISSN	1201-9712
DOI	10.1016/j.ijid.2020.06.105
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Article ; Online: Solid waste composition analysis and recycling evaluation: Zaatari Syrian Refugees Camp, Jordan.

Saidan, Motasem N / Drais, Ammar Abu / Al-Manaseer, Ehab

Waste management (New York, N.Y.)

2017 Volume 61, Page(s) 58–66

Abstract: There is a need for Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) stream characterization and composition analysis to allow for an accurate estimation of its recycling potential and for effective management of the entire system. Recycling provides employment and a ... ...

Abstract	There is a need for Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) stream characterization and composition analysis to allow for an accurate estimation of its recycling potential and for effective management of the entire system. Recycling provides employment and a livelihood for vulnerable social groups such as refugees. The aim of this paper is to determine the composition of MSW in Zaatari Syrian Refugee Camp, where approximately 430,000 Syrian refugees have passed through the camp. The representative waste samples and analysis included household waste and commercial waste produced by the refugees in the selected districts in Zaatari. The waste sampling was performed in 2015 over two seasons to ensure that the seasonal fluctuations in the composition of the waste stream are taken into consideration. Hand sorting was used for classifying the collected wastes into the categories and subcategories. The organic waste represents the main waste category with 53% of the total MSW, while plastics, textile, and paper and cardboard are 12.85%, 10.22% and 9%, respectively. Moreover, the MSW composition percentage in Zaatari Camp is similar to that in municipalities in Jordan with slight disparity. The potential recyclable materials market has been investigated in this study. Plastics and paper and cardboard have significant potential to be separated and collected for recycling purposes. Financial revenues of potential recyclables have been analyzed based on local prices. Recycling model in the camp is also proposed based on the present study findings. Consequently, these results should be taken as a baseline for all Syrian refugees camps in the Middle East, as well as, in Europe.
MeSH term(s)	Glass ; Jordan ; Metals/analysis ; Nylons ; Paper ; Plastics/analysis ; Plastics/chemistry ; Polyethylene Terephthalates ; Recycling/methods ; Refugees ; Refuse Disposal/methods ; Seasons ; Solid Waste/analysis ; Syria
Chemical Substances	Metals ; Nylons ; Plastics ; Polyethylene Terephthalates ; Solid Waste
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2001471-5
ISSN	1879-2456 ; 0956-053X
ISSN (online)	1879-2456
ISSN	0956-053X
DOI	10.1016/j.wasman.2016.12.026
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Article: Wastewater Reclamation in Major Jordanian Industries: A Viable Component of a Circular Economy

Saidan, Motasem N / Al-Addous, Mohammad / Al-Weshah, Radwan A / Obada, Ibrahim / Alkasrawi, Malek / Barbana, Nesrine

Water. 2020 Apr. 30, v. 12, no. 5

2020

Abstract: Water scarcity remains the major looming challenge that is facing Jordan. Wastewater reclamation is considered as an alternative source of fresh water in semi-arid areas with water shortage or increased consumption. In the present study, the current ... ...

Abstract	Water scarcity remains the major looming challenge that is facing Jordan. Wastewater reclamation is considered as an alternative source of fresh water in semi-arid areas with water shortage or increased consumption. In the present study, the current status of wastewater reclamation and reuse in Jordan was analyzed considering 30 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The assessment was based on the WWWTPs’ treatment processes in Jordan, the flowrates scale, and the effluents’ average total dissolved solid (TDS) contents. Accordingly, 60% of the WWTPs in Jordan used activated sludge as a treatment technology; 30 WWTPs were small scale (<1 × 10⁴ m³/day); and a total of 17.932 million m³ treated wastewater had low TDS (<1000 ppm) that generally can be used in industries with relatively minimal cost of treatment. Moreover, the analysis classified the 26 million m³ groundwater abstraction by major industries in Jordanian governorates. The results showed that the reclaimed wastewater can fully offset the industrial demand of fresh water in Amman, Zarqa, and Aqaba governorates. Hence, the environmental assessment showed positive impacts of reclaimed wastewater reuse scenario in terms of water depletion (saving of 72.55 million m³ groundwater per year) and climate change (17.683 million kg CO₂Eq reduction). The energy recovery assessment in the small- and medium-scale WWTPs (<10 × 10⁴ m³/day) revealed that generation of electricity by anaerobic sludge digestion equates potentially to an offset of 0.11–0.53 kWh/m³. Finally, several barriers and prospects were put forth to help the stakeholders when considering entering into an agreement to supply and/or reuse reclaimed water.
Keywords	activated sludge ; anaerobic digestion ; circular economy ; climate change ; electricity generation ; energy recovery ; environmental assessment ; freshwater ; groundwater ; groundwater extraction ; stakeholders ; wastewater ; water reuse ; water shortages ; Jordan
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-0430
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-light
ZDB-ID	2521238-2
ISSN	2073-4441
ISSN	2073-4441
DOI	10.3390/w12051276
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Article ; Online: Estimation of the probable outbreak size of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) in social gathering events and industrial activities

Saidan, Motasem N. / Shbool, Mohammad A. / Arabeyyat, Omar Suleiman / Al-Shihabi, Sameh T. / Abdallat, Yousef Al / Barghash, Mahmoud A. / Saidan, Hakam

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

2020 Volume 98, Page(s) 321–327

Keywords	Microbiology (medical) ; Infectious Diseases ; General Medicine ; covid19
Language	English
Publisher	Elsevier BV
Publishing country	us
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	1331197-9
ISSN	1878-3511 ; 1201-9712
ISSN (online)	1878-3511
ISSN	1201-9712
DOI	10.1016/j.ijid.2020.06.105
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The Effect of Strict State Measures on the Epidemiologic Curve of COVID-19 Infection in the Context of a Developing Country: A Simulation from Jordan.

Kheirallah, Khalid A / Alsinglawi, Belal / Alzoubi, Abdallah / Saidan, Motasem N / Mubin, Omar / Alorjani, Mohammed S / Mzayek, Fawaz

International journal of environmental research and public health

2020 Volume 17, Issue 18

Abstract: COVID-19 has posed an unprecedented global public health threat and caused a significant number of severe cases that necessitated long hospitalization and overwhelmed health services in the most affected countries. In response, governments initiated a ... ...

Abstract	COVID-19 has posed an unprecedented global public health threat and caused a significant number of severe cases that necessitated long hospitalization and overwhelmed health services in the most affected countries. In response, governments initiated a series of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) that led to severe economic and social impacts. The effect of these intervention measures on the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic are not well investigated within developing country settings. This study simulated the trajectories of the COVID-19 pandemic curve in Jordan between February and May and assessed the effect of Jordan's strict NPI measures on the spread of COVID-19. A modified susceptible, exposed, infected, and recovered (SEIR) epidemic model was utilized. The compartments in the proposed model categorized the Jordanian population into six deterministic compartments: suspected, exposed, infectious pre-symptomatic, infectious with mild symptoms, infectious with moderate to severe symptoms, and recovered. The GLEAMviz client simulator was used to run the simulation model. Epidemic curves were plotted for estimated COVID-19 cases in the simulation model, and compared against the reported cases. The simulation model estimated the highest number of total daily new COVID-19 cases, in the pre-symptomatic compartmental state, to be 65 cases, with an epidemic curve growing to its peak in 49 days and terminating in a duration of 83 days, and a total simulated cumulative case count of 1048 cases. The curve representing the number of actual reported cases in Jordan showed a good pattern compatibility to that in the mild and moderate to severe compartmental states. The reproduction number under the NPIs was reduced from 5.6 to less than one. NPIs in Jordan seem to be effective in controlling the COVID-19 epidemic and reducing the reproduction rate. Early strict intervention measures showed evidence of containing and suppressing the disease.
MeSH term(s)	Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Communicable Disease Control/methods ; Computer Simulation ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Humans ; Jordan/epidemiology ; Models, Statistical ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Severity of Illness Index
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-08
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1660-4601
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
DOI	10.3390/ijerph17186530
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Article ; Online: The Effect of Strict State Measures on the Epidemiologic Curve of COVID-19 Infection in the Context of a Developing Country

Khalid A. Kheirallah / Belal Alsinglawi / Abdallah Alzoubi / Motasem N. Saidan / Omar Mubin / Mohammed S. Alorjani / Fawaz Mzayek

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 17, Iss 6530, p

A Simulation from Jordan

2020 Volume 6530

Abstract	COVID-19 has posed an unprecedented global public health threat and caused a significant number of severe cases that necessitated long hospitalization and overwhelmed health services in the most affected countries. In response, governments initiated a series of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) that led to severe economic and social impacts. The effect of these intervention measures on the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic are not well investigated within developing country settings. This study simulated the trajectories of the COVID-19 pandemic curve in Jordan between February and May and assessed the effect of Jordan’s strict NPI measures on the spread of COVID-19. A modified susceptible, exposed, infected, and recovered (SEIR) epidemic model was utilized. The compartments in the proposed model categorized the Jordanian population into six deterministic compartments: suspected, exposed, infectious pre-symptomatic, infectious with mild symptoms, infectious with moderate to severe symptoms, and recovered. The GLEAMviz client simulator was used to run the simulation model. Epidemic curves were plotted for estimated COVID-19 cases in the simulation model, and compared against the reported cases. The simulation model estimated the highest number of total daily new COVID-19 cases, in the pre-symptomatic compartmental state, to be 65 cases, with an epidemic curve growing to its peak in 49 days and terminating in a duration of 83 days, and a total simulated cumulative case count of 1048 cases. The curve representing the number of actual reported cases in Jordan showed a good pattern compatibility to that in the mild and moderate to severe compartmental states. The reproduction number under the NPIs was reduced from 5.6 to less than one. NPIs in Jordan seem to be effective in controlling the COVID-19 epidemic and reducing the reproduction rate. Early strict intervention measures showed evidence of containing and suppressing the disease.
Keywords	COVID-19 ; simulation ; SEIR ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Jordan ; SIR ; Medicine ; R ; covid19
Subject code	380
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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