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  1. Article: Brain-Wide Transgene Expression in Mice by Systemic Injection of Genetically Engineered Exosomes: CAP-Exosomes.

    Sarkar, Saumyendra N / Corbin, Deborah / Simpkins, James W

    Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)

    2024  Volume 17, Issue 3

    Abstract: The bottleneck in drug discovery for central nervous system diseases is the absence of effective systemic drug delivery technology for delivering therapeutic drugs into the brain. Despite the advances in the technology used in drug discovery, such as ... ...

    Abstract The bottleneck in drug discovery for central nervous system diseases is the absence of effective systemic drug delivery technology for delivering therapeutic drugs into the brain. Despite the advances in the technology used in drug discovery, such as Adeno-Associated Virus (AAV) vectors, the development of drugs for central nervous system diseases remains challenging. In this manuscript, we describe, for the first time, the development of a workflow to generate a novel brain-targeted drug delivery system that involves the generation of genetically engineered exosomes by first selecting various functional AAV capsid-specific peptides (collectively called CAPs) known to be involved in brain-targeted high-expression gene delivery, and then expressing the CAPs in frame with lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein (Lamp2b) followed by expressing CAP-Lamp2b fusion protein on the surface of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes, thus generating CAP-exosomes. Intravenous injection of green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene-loaded CAP-exosomes in mice transferred the GFP gene throughout the CNS as measured by monitoring brain sections for GFP expression with confocal microscopy. GFP gene transfer efficiency was at least 20-fold greater than that of the control Lamp2b-exosomes, and GFP gene transduction to mouse liver was low.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-20
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2193542-7
    ISSN 1424-8247
    ISSN 1424-8247
    DOI 10.3390/ph17030270
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Author Correction: Blood substitution therapy rescues the brain of mice from ischemic damage.

    Ren, Xuefang / Hu, Heng / Farooqi, Imran / Simpkins, James W

    Nature communications

    2021  Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 2957

    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Published Erratum
    ZDB-ID 2553671-0
    ISSN 2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
    ISSN (online) 2041-1723
    ISSN 2041-1723
    DOI 10.1038/s41467-021-22615-0
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Author Correction

    Xuefang Ren / Heng Hu / Imran Farooqi / James W. Simpkins

    Nature Communications, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    Blood substitution therapy rescues the brain of mice from ischemic damage

    2021  Volume 3

    Keywords Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-05-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Portfolio
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article ; Online: Blood substitution therapy rescues the brain of mice from ischemic damage.

    Ren, Xuefang / Hu, Heng / Farooqi, Imran / Simpkins, James W

    Nature communications

    2020  Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 4078

    Abstract: Acute stroke causes complex, pathological, and systemic responses that have not been treatable by any single medication. In this study, using a murine transient middle cerebral artery occlusion stroke model, a novel therapeutic strategy is proposed, ... ...

    Abstract Acute stroke causes complex, pathological, and systemic responses that have not been treatable by any single medication. In this study, using a murine transient middle cerebral artery occlusion stroke model, a novel therapeutic strategy is proposed, where blood replacement (BR) robustly reduces infarctions and improves neurological deficits in mice. Our analyses of immune cell subsets suggest that BR therapy substantially decreases neutrophils in blood following a stroke. Electrochemiluminescence detection demonstrates that BR therapy reduces cytokine storm in plasma and ELISA demonstrates reduced levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in the plasma and brains at different time points post-stroke. Further, we have demonstrated that the addition of MMP-9 to the blood diminishes the protective effect of the BR therapy. Our study is the first to show that BR therapy leads to profoundly improved stroke outcomes in mice and that the improved outcomes are mediated via MMP-9. These results offer new insights into the mechanisms of stroke damage.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Blood Substitutes/therapeutic use ; Brain/metabolism ; Brain/pathology ; Brain Infarction/drug therapy ; Brain Ischemia/drug therapy ; Brain Ischemia/pathology ; Cell Death ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/complications ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neutrophils/metabolism ; Stroke/etiology ; Stroke/pathology
    Chemical Substances Blood Substitutes ; Cytokines ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 (EC 3.4.24.35)
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-25
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 2553671-0
    ISSN 2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
    ISSN (online) 2041-1723
    ISSN 2041-1723
    DOI 10.1038/s41467-020-17930-x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Deciphering the Blood-Brain Barrier Damage in Stroke: Mitochondrial Mechanism.

    Ren, Xuefang / Simpkins, James W

    Journal of neuroinfectious diseases

    2015  Volume 6, Issue Suppl 2

    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-08-22
    Publishing country Egypt
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2834283-5
    ISSN 2314-7326 ; 2314-7334
    ISSN (online) 2314-7326
    ISSN 2314-7334
    DOI 10.4172/2314-7326.S2-e002
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Not all clots are created equal: a review of deficient thrombolysis with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in patients with metabolic syndrome.

    Mosimah, Charles I / Murray, Pamela J / Simpkins, James W

    The International journal of neuroscience

    2018  Volume 129, Issue 6, Page(s) 612–618

    Abstract: Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors associated with a prothrombotic, proinflammatory and hypofibrinolysis state. Although resistance to tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in metabolic syndrome patients has been associated with ... ...

    Abstract Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors associated with a prothrombotic, proinflammatory and hypofibrinolysis state. Although resistance to tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in metabolic syndrome patients has been associated with a defective fibrinolytic system, the factors and mechanisms underlining such resistance is unclear. While there is a great debate on proposed mechanisms, fundamental questions regarding resistance to tPA in metabolic syndrome patients with ischemic stroke remain unanswered. This article reviews articles and documents published between 2001 and 2017, and provides an overview of metabolic syndrome, factors associated with tPA resistance in metabolic syndrome, conflicting evidence of insufficient dosing of tPA in overweight/obese patients and future directions for research.
    MeSH term(s) Drug Resistance/drug effects ; Drug Resistance/physiology ; Fibrinolytic Agents/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Metabolic Syndrome/complications ; Metabolic Syndrome/drug therapy ; Metabolic Syndrome/physiopathology ; Obesity/complications ; Overweight/complications ; Thrombolytic Therapy ; Tissue Plasminogen Activator/administration & dosage ; Tissue Plasminogen Activator/therapeutic use
    Chemical Substances Fibrinolytic Agents ; Tissue Plasminogen Activator (EC 3.4.21.68)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-12-27
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 3061-2
    ISSN 1563-5279 ; 1543-5245 ; 0020-7454
    ISSN (online) 1563-5279 ; 1543-5245
    ISSN 0020-7454
    DOI 10.1080/00207454.2018.1550400
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Blood substitution therapy rescues the brain of mice from ischemic damage

    Xuefang Ren / Heng Hu / Imran Farooqi / James W. Simpkins

    Nature Communications, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2020  Volume 11

    Abstract: Acute stroke causes complex, pathological, and systemic responses which remain challenging to treat. Here, the authors show that substituting the blood of stroke model mice with whole-blood from naive healthy donor mice reduces infarct volume and ... ...

    Abstract Acute stroke causes complex, pathological, and systemic responses which remain challenging to treat. Here, the authors show that substituting the blood of stroke model mice with whole-blood from naive healthy donor mice reduces infarct volume and improves neurological deficits.
    Keywords Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Portfolio
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: Blood substitution therapy rescues the brain of mice from ischemic damage

    Xuefang Ren / Heng Hu / Imran Farooqi / James W. Simpkins

    Nature Communications, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2020  Volume 11

    Abstract: Acute stroke causes complex, pathological, and systemic responses which remain challenging to treat. Here, the authors show that substituting the blood of stroke model mice with whole-blood from naive healthy donor mice reduces infarct volume and ... ...

    Abstract Acute stroke causes complex, pathological, and systemic responses which remain challenging to treat. Here, the authors show that substituting the blood of stroke model mice with whole-blood from naive healthy donor mice reduces infarct volume and improves neurological deficits.
    Keywords Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Publishing Group
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  9. Article ; Online: Endoplasmic reticulum stress is transmissible in vitro between cells of the central nervous system.

    Sprenkle, Neil T / Lahiri, Anirudhya / Simpkins, James W / Meares, Gordon P

    Journal of neurochemistry

    2019  Volume 148, Issue 4, Page(s) 516–530

    Abstract: Improper protein folding and trafficking are common pathological events in neurodegenerative diseases that result in the toxic accumulation of misfolded proteins within the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). While low-level stimulation of the ... ...

    Abstract Improper protein folding and trafficking are common pathological events in neurodegenerative diseases that result in the toxic accumulation of misfolded proteins within the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). While low-level stimulation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) is protective, sustained UPR activation resulting from prolonged ER stress can promote neurotoxicity. The cell-autonomous mechanisms of the UPR have been extensively characterized. However, the cell-extrinsic role of the UPR under physiological and pathological states in the CNS remains to be elucidated. To begin to address this, we evaluated if transferring conditioned media between ER-stressed astrocytes and neurons could modulate their functional characteristics. Our results indicate that ER-stressed astrocytes and neurons secrete a molecule(s) with lipid characteristics which regulates both inflammatory and ER stress responses in other astrocytes, neurons, and microglia in vitro. Initial exposure to this stress factor(s) confers resistance against subsequent ER stress to neurons. However, persistent exposure to this unidentified mediator(s) suppresses the initial protective effect and becomes cytotoxic. Overall, these findings provide insight into the cell non-autonomous influence of ER stress on cells of the central nervous system. OPEN SCIENCE BADGES: This article has received a badge for *Open Materials* because it provided all relevant information to reproduce the study in the manuscript. The complete Open Science Disclosure form for this article can be found at the end of the article. More information about the Open Practices badges can be found at https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Astrocytes/drug effects ; Astrocytes/physiology ; Brain/physiology ; Cell Communication/physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Culture Media, Conditioned/pharmacology ; Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/physiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neurons/drug effects ; Neurons/physiology ; Unfolded Protein Response/physiology
    Chemical Substances Culture Media, Conditioned
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-01-18
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 80158-6
    ISSN 1471-4159 ; 0022-3042 ; 1474-1644
    ISSN (online) 1471-4159
    ISSN 0022-3042 ; 1474-1644
    DOI 10.1111/jnc.14642
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Acute exposure to artificial light at night alters hippocampal vascular structure in mice.

    Bumgarner, Jacob R / Walker, William H / Quintana, Dominic D / White, Rhett C / Richmond, Alexandra A / Meléndez-Fernández, O Hecmarie / Liu, Jennifer A / Becker-Krail, Darius D / Walton, James C / Simpkins, James W / DeVries, A Courtney / Nelson, Randy J

    iScience

    2023  Volume 26, Issue 7, Page(s) 106996

    Abstract: The structure and function of the cardiovascular system are modulated across the day by circadian rhythms, making this system susceptible to circadian rhythm disruption. Recent evidence demonstrated that short-term exposure to a pervasive circadian ... ...

    Abstract The structure and function of the cardiovascular system are modulated across the day by circadian rhythms, making this system susceptible to circadian rhythm disruption. Recent evidence demonstrated that short-term exposure to a pervasive circadian rhythm disruptor, artificial light at night (ALAN), increased inflammation and altered angiogenic transcripts in the hippocampi of mice. Here, we examined the effects of four nights of ALAN exposure on mouse hippocampal vascular networks. To do this, we analyzed 2D and 3D images of hippocampal vasculature and hippocampal transcriptomic profiles of mice exposed to ALAN. ALAN reduced vascular density in the CA1 and CA2/3 of female mice and the dentate gyrus of male mice. Network structure and connectivity were also impaired in the CA2/3 of female mice. These results demonstrate the rapid and potent effects of ALAN on cerebrovascular networks, highlighting the importance of ALAN mitigation in the context of health and cerebrovascular disease.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2589-0042
    ISSN (online) 2589-0042
    DOI 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106996
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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