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  1. Article ; Online: A SARS-CoV-2 antiviral therapy score card.

    Shafer, Robert W

    Global health & medicine

    2021  Volume 2, Issue 6, Page(s) 346–349

    Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has unleashed an unprecedented effort to identify efficacious treatments for persons infected with SARS-CoV-2. As of September 2020, more than 750 completed, ongoing, or planned clinical trials of drugs intended to inhibit SARS-CoV- ... ...

    Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has unleashed an unprecedented effort to identify efficacious treatments for persons infected with SARS-CoV-2. As of September 2020, more than 750 completed, ongoing, or planned clinical trials of drugs intended to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication have been registered on the ClinicalTrials.gov or WHO International Clinical Trials Platform websites. Most of the treatments studied in these trials are repurposed licensed or investigational drugs targeting viral proteins or cellular pathways required for virus replication. The use of repurposed compounds is understandable because with the exception of monoclonal antibodies, it will be several months before novel SARS-CoV-2-specific drugs will be available for human testing. This editorial describes those compounds that I believe should be prioritized for clinical testing:
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-04
    Publishing country Japan
    Document type Editorial
    ISSN 2434-9194
    ISSN (online) 2434-9194
    DOI 10.35772/ghm.2020.01082
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Birthday Buddies.

    Shafer, Charles W

    Family medicine

    2020  Volume 52, Issue 1, Page(s) 65–66

    MeSH term(s) Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/diagnosis ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/mortality ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/therapy ; Empathy ; Family Practice ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Physician-Patient Relations
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-01-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 639374-3
    ISSN 1938-3800 ; 0742-3225
    ISSN (online) 1938-3800
    ISSN 0742-3225
    DOI 10.22454/FamMed.2020.552586
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 2327: Show issues Location:
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    bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular
    Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG)
    ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)

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  3. Article ; Online: Pressure Building Against the Clock: The Impact of Circadian Misalignment on Blood Pressure.

    Shafer, Brooke M / Kogan, Sophia A / McHill, Andrew W

    Current hypertension reports

    2023  Volume 26, Issue 1, Page(s) 31–42

    Abstract: Purpose of review: Misalignment between the endogenous biological timing system and behavioral activities (i.e., sleep/wake, eating, activity) contributes to adverse cardiovascular health. In this review, we discuss the effects of recurring circadian ... ...

    Abstract Purpose of review: Misalignment between the endogenous biological timing system and behavioral activities (i.e., sleep/wake, eating, activity) contributes to adverse cardiovascular health. In this review, we discuss the effects of recurring circadian misalignment on blood pressure regulation and the implications for hypertension development. Additionally, we highlight emerging therapeutic approaches designed to mitigate the negative cardiovascular consequences elicited by circadian disruption.
    Recent findings: Circadian misalignment elicited by work schedules that require individuals to be awake during the biological night (i.e., shift work) alters 24-h blood pressure rhythms. Mechanistically, circadian misalignment appears to alter blood pressure via changes in autonomic nervous system balance, variations to sodium retention, dysregulation of endothelial vasodilatory responsiveness, and activation of proinflammatory mechanisms. Recurring circadian misalignment produced by a mismatch in sleep timing on free days vs. work days (i.e., social jetlag) appears to have no direct effects on prevailing blood pressure levels in healthy adults; though, circadian disruptions resulting from social jetlag may increase the risk of hypertension through enhanced sympathetic activation and/or obesity. Furthermore, social jetlag assessment may be a useful metric in shift work populations where the magnitude of circadian misalignment may be greater than in the general population. Circadian misalignment promotes unfavorable changes to 24-h blood pressure rhythms, most notably in shift working populations. While light therapy, melatonin supplementation, and the timing of drug administration may improve cardiovascular outcomes, interventions designed to target the effects of circadian misalignment on blood pressure regulation are warranted.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Humans ; Blood Pressure ; Circadian Rhythm/physiology ; Hypertension ; Chronobiology Disorders/complications ; Sleep/physiology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-14
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2057367-4
    ISSN 1534-3111 ; 1522-6417
    ISSN (online) 1534-3111
    ISSN 1522-6417
    DOI 10.1007/s11906-023-01274-0
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    Zs.A 5522: Show issues Location:
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  4. Article ; Online: Identification of neurotoxicology (NT)/developmental neurotoxicology (DNT) adverse outcome pathways and key event linkages with in vitro DNT screening assays.

    Pitzer, Emily M / Shafer, Timothy J / Herr, David W

    Neurotoxicology

    2023  Volume 99, Page(s) 184–194

    Abstract: There is a need to assess compounds reliably and quickly for neurotoxicity (NT) and developmental neurotoxicity (DNT). Adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) enable the mapping of molecular events to an apical endpoint in a chemical agnostic manner and have ... ...

    Abstract There is a need to assess compounds reliably and quickly for neurotoxicity (NT) and developmental neurotoxicity (DNT). Adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) enable the mapping of molecular events to an apical endpoint in a chemical agnostic manner and have begun to be applied in NT and DNT testing frameworks. We assessed the status of NT/DNT AOPs in the AOP-Wiki (ca. 2/1/23; https://aopwiki.org/), to characterize the state of AOP development, identify strengths and knowledge gaps, elucidate areas for improvement, and describe areas for future focus. AOPs in the Wiki database were assessed for inclusion of NT/DNT molecular events and endpoints, AOP development and endorsement, as well as the linkages of key neurodevelopmental processes with in vitro new approach methods (NAMs). This review found that 41 AOPs have been proposed detailing NT/DNT, of which eight were endorsed by working parties in OECD. Further, this review determined that learning and memory is included as an adverse outcome in eight NT/DNT AOPS, often without distinction regarding the varying forms of learning and memory, regional specification, temporal dynamics, or acquisition mechanisms involved. There is also an overlap with key events (KEs) and in vitro NAMs, which synaptogenesis appeared as a common process. Overall, progress on NT/DNT AOPs could be expanded, adding in modes of action that are missing, improvement in defining apical endpoints, as well as utilizing NAMs further to develop AOPs and identify gaps in current knowledge.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Adverse Outcome Pathways ; Risk Assessment ; Toxicity Tests/methods ; Neurotoxicity Syndromes/diagnosis ; Neurotoxicity Syndromes/etiology ; Neurotoxicity Syndromes/metabolism ; Learning
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-10-20
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 800820-6
    ISSN 1872-9711 ; 0161-813X
    ISSN (online) 1872-9711
    ISSN 0161-813X
    DOI 10.1016/j.neuro.2023.10.007
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    Zs.A 1547: Show issues Location:
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  5. Article ; Online: Rectal Adenocarcinoma Presenting as a Cervical Mass: A Case Report.

    Stanietzky, Nir / Bednarski, Brian / Shafer, Aaron / Taggart, Melissa W / Peacock, Oliver / Vikram, Raghunandan

    The American journal of case reports

    2023  Volume 24, Page(s) e941884

    Abstract: BACKGROUND Invasive cervical tumors are often seen in clinical practice. However, there are multiple structures within the pelvis, and invasion of the cervix from another site must be included in the differential diagnosis. In such cases, a ... ...

    Abstract BACKGROUND Invasive cervical tumors are often seen in clinical practice. However, there are multiple structures within the pelvis, and invasion of the cervix from another site must be included in the differential diagnosis. In such cases, a multidisciplinary approach is needed to define the organ of tumor origin. Ensuring proper staging and histologic analysis are critical for optimal management. CASE REPORT We present a case of a 68-year-old woman who presented to her gynecologist with painless post-menopausal vaginal bleeding. She was diagnosed with a locally aggressive cervical adenocarcinoma, which was histologically confirmed by an in-office biopsy. She was referred to the gynecologic oncology service at a tertiary care hospital for definitive management, where a thorough clinical workup was performed. Physical exam revealed that the mass had invaded the anterior rectal wall. Through a multidisciplinary approach and a repeat biopsy, she was correctly diagnosed with an invasive rectal adenocarcinoma. She was treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and underwent curative surgery. Had she been incorrectly treated as having a primary cervical adenocarcinoma, there would have been no role for surgery. The change in the organ of primary drastically altered the patient's management and outcome. She is currently undergoing surveillance with cross-sectional imaging. CONCLUSIONS Cervical masses originating from non-gynecologic organs can be difficult to differentiate on physical exam and histologic analysis. When a mass involves the rectum, an invasive primary rectal adenocarcinoma must be included in the differential. This will have a significant impact on patient management and ultimately on patient survival.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Female ; Aged ; Rectal Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Rectal Neoplasms/therapy ; Rectum ; Biopsy ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/therapy ; Adenocarcinoma/diagnosis ; Adenocarcinoma/therapy ; Adenocarcinoma/pathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2517183-5
    ISSN 1941-5923 ; 1941-5923
    ISSN (online) 1941-5923
    ISSN 1941-5923
    DOI 10.12659/AJCR.941884
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Later circadian timing and increased sleep timing variability are associated with attenuations in overnight blood pressure dipping among chronic nightshift workers.

    Shafer, Brooke M / Christopher, Desirae / Shea, Steven A / Olson, Ryan / McHill, Andrew W

    Sleep health

    2023  Volume 10, Issue 1S, Page(s) S140–S143

    Abstract: Objective: Determine relationships between overnight blood pressure, circadian phase, and sleep variability among dayshift and chronic nightshift nurses.: Methods: Twenty participants working dayshift (n = 10) or nightshift (n = 10) schedules ... ...

    Abstract Objective: Determine relationships between overnight blood pressure, circadian phase, and sleep variability among dayshift and chronic nightshift nurses.
    Methods: Twenty participants working dayshift (n = 10) or nightshift (n = 10) schedules participated in a 7-day cross-sectional study. Participants underwent an evening in-laboratory melatonin assessment and wore ambulatory blood pressure devices to assess 24-hour blood pressure patterns. Overnight blood pressure dipping was calculated from sleeping/waking systolic blood pressure ratio and salivary dim-light melatonin onset determined circadian phase. Sleep variability was assessed using the standard deviation of 7-day sleep onset.
    Results: Nightshift workers had later circadian phase, greater sleep onset variability, and an attenuated overnight blood pressure dipping pattern. Later circadian phase was associated with attenuated dipping patterns and sleep onset variability was negatively correlated with blood pressure dipping magnitude in nightshift, but not dayshift workers.
    Conclusions: Chronic circadian disruption via higher sleep onset variability among nightshift workers may contribute to attenuated blood pressure dipping and cardiovascular risk in this population.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Circadian Rhythm/physiology ; Blood Pressure/physiology ; Melatonin ; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Sleep/physiology
    Chemical Substances Melatonin (JL5DK93RCL)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2813299-3
    ISSN 2352-7226 ; 2352-7218
    ISSN (online) 2352-7226
    ISSN 2352-7218
    DOI 10.1016/j.sleh.2023.08.010
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Prediagnosis Smoking Cessation and Overall Survival Among Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

    Wang, Xinan / Romero-Gutierrez, Christopher W / Kothari, Jui / Shafer, Andrea / Li, Yi / Christiani, David C

    JAMA network open

    2023  Volume 6, Issue 5, Page(s) e2311966

    Abstract: Importance: Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related death globally; non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 85% of all lung cancer cases, and cigarette smoking is the factor most significantly associated with its risk. However, ... ...

    Abstract Importance: Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related death globally; non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 85% of all lung cancer cases, and cigarette smoking is the factor most significantly associated with its risk. However, little is known about the association of years since prediagnosis smoking cessation and cumulative smoking with overall survival (OS) following a lung cancer diagnosis.
    Objective: To characterize the association of years since smoking cessation before diagnosis and cumulative smoking pack-years with OS in patients with NSCLC in a lung cancer survivor cohort.
    Design, setting, and participants: The cohort study involved patients with NSCLC who were recruited to the Boston Lung Cancer Survival Cohort at Massachusetts General Hospital (Boston, Massachusetts) between 1992 and 2022. Patients' smoking history and baseline clinicopathological characteristics were prospectively collected through questionnaires, and OS following lung cancer diagnosis was regularly updated.
    Exposures: Duration of smoking cessation before a lung cancer diagnosis.
    Main outcomes and measures: The primary outcome was the association of detailed smoking history with OS following a lung cancer diagnosis.
    Results: Of 5594 patients with NSCLC (mean [SD] age, 65.6 [10.8] years; 2987 men [53.4%]), 795 (14.2%) were never smokers, 3308 (59.1%) were former smokers, and 1491 (26.7%) were current smokers. Cox regression analysis suggested that former smokers had 26% higher mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.26; 95% CI, 1.13-1.40; P < .001) and current smokers had 68% higher mortality (HR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.50-1.89; P < .001) compared with never smokers. Log2-transformed years since smoking cessation before diagnosis were associated with significantly lower mortality among ever smokers (HR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.93-0.99; P = .003). Subgroup analysis, stratified by clinical stage at diagnosis, revealed that former and current smokers had even shorter OS among patients with early-stage disease.
    Conclusions and relevance: In this cohort study of patients with NSCLC, quitting smoking early was associated with lower mortality following a lung cancer diagnosis, and the association of smoking history with OS may have varied depending on clinical stage at diagnosis, potentially owing to the differing treatment regimens and efficacy associated with smoking exposure following diagnosis. Detailed smoking history collection should be incorporated into future epidemiological and clinical studies to improve lung cancer prognosis and treatment selection.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Humans ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/epidemiology ; Lung Neoplasms ; Smoking Cessation ; Cohort Studies ; Proportional Hazards Models
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ISSN 2574-3805
    ISSN (online) 2574-3805
    DOI 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.11966
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Correction: Endophenotype trait domains for advancing gene discovery in autism spectrum disorder.

    Mosconi, Matthew W / Stevens, Cassandra J / Unruh, Kathryn E / Shafer, Robin / Elison, Jed T

    Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders

    2024  Volume 16, Issue 1, Page(s) 4

    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-28
    Publishing country England
    Document type Published Erratum
    ZDB-ID 2487174-6
    ISSN 1866-1955 ; 1866-1955
    ISSN (online) 1866-1955
    ISSN 1866-1955
    DOI 10.1186/s11689-024-09523-2
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: A longitudinal look at social jetlag, sex differences, and obesity risk.

    Shafer, Brooke M / McAuliffe, Kathryn E / McHill, Andrew W

    Sleep

    2023  Volume 47, Issue 1

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Male ; Female ; Young Adult ; Body Mass Index ; Sex Characteristics ; Obesity/complications ; Obesity/epidemiology ; Jet Lag Syndrome
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-15
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 424441-2
    ISSN 1550-9109 ; 0161-8105
    ISSN (online) 1550-9109
    ISSN 0161-8105
    DOI 10.1093/sleep/zsad298
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    Zs.A 1475: Show issues Location:
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