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Article ; Online: Epidemiology of Prostate Cancer.

Rawla, Prashanth

2019 Volume 10, Issue 2, Page(s) 63–89

Abstract: Prostate cancer is the second most frequent cancer diagnosis made in men and the fifth leading cause of death worldwide. Prostate cancer may be asymptomatic at the early stage and often has an indolent course that may require only active surveillance. ... ...

Abstract	Prostate cancer is the second most frequent cancer diagnosis made in men and the fifth leading cause of death worldwide. Prostate cancer may be asymptomatic at the early stage and often has an indolent course that may require only active surveillance. Based on GLOBOCAN 2018 estimates, 1,276,106 new cases of prostate cancer were reported worldwide in 2018, with higher prevalence in the developed countries. Differences in the incidence rates worldwide reflect differences in the use of diagnostic testing. Prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates are strongly related to the age with the highest incidence being seen in elderly men (> 65 years of age). African-American men have the highest incidence rates and more aggressive type of prostate cancer compared to White men. There is no evidence yet on how to prevent prostate cancer; however, it is possible to lower the risk by limiting high-fat foods, increasing the intake of vegetables and fruits and performing more exercise. Screening is highly recommended at age 45 for men with familial history and African-American men. Up-to-date statistics on prostate cancer occurrence and outcomes along with a better understanding of the etiology and causative risk factors are essential for the primary prevention of this disease.
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-04-20
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2548989-6
ISSN	1920-454X ; 1920-4531
ISSN (online)	1920-454X
ISSN	1920-4531
DOI	10.14740/wjon1191
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Cardiac and vascular complications in rheumatoid arthritis.

Rawla, Prashanth

Reumatologia

2019 Volume 57, Issue 1, Page(s) 27–36

Abstract: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an independent risk factor for the development of a variety of cardiovascular diseases, with a 1.5-factor increase in risk. This literature review aims to provide a global overview of the pathogenesis, effects of anti- ... ...

Abstract	Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an independent risk factor for the development of a variety of cardiovascular diseases, with a 1.5-factor increase in risk. This literature review aims to provide a global overview of the pathogenesis, effects of anti-rheumatoid treatment on cardiovascular risk, a description of the cardiovascular complications associated with RA, and current opinion on cardiovascular risk assessment and management in patients with RA. Author conducted a literature search in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Embase regarding RA and associated cardiovascular complications. The mechanism of increased risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with RA is complex. There are specific genetic factors associated with both diseases, and traditional cardiovascular risk factors may be more prevalent in patients with RA. Most anti-rheumatic drugs decrease cardiovascular risk, and general recommendations focus on reduction of disease activity and strict management of cardiovascular risk as per the general population.
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-02-28
Publishing country	Poland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	604151-6
ISSN	0034-6233
ISSN	0034-6233
DOI	10.5114/reum.2019.83236
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Cardiac and vascular complications in rheumatoid arthritis

Prashanth Rawla

Rheumatology, Vol 57, Iss 1, Pp 27-

2019 Volume 36

Abstract	Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an independent risk factor for the development of a variety of cardiovascular diseases, with a 1.5-factor increase in risk. This literature review aims to provide a global overview of the pathogenesis, effects of anti-rheumatoid treatment on cardiovascular risk, a description of the cardiovascular complications associated with RA, and current opinion on cardiovascular risk assessment and management in patients with RA. Author conducted a literature search in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Embase regarding RA and associated cardiovascular complications. The mechanism of increased risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with RA is complex. There are specific genetic factors associated with both diseases, and traditional cardiovascular risk factors may be more prevalent in patients with RA. Most anti-rheumatic drugs decrease cardiovascular risk, and general recommendations focus on reduction of disease activity and strict management of cardiovascular risk as per the general population.
Keywords	inflammation ; atherosclerosis ; rheumatoid arthritis ; cardiovascular ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	610 ; 616
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Termedia Publishing House
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Reply to Chemical Risk Factors of Primary Liver Cancer: A Short Comment [Response To Letter].

Barsouk, Adam / Thandra, Krishna Chaitanya / Saginala, Kalyan / Rawla, Prashanth

Hepatic medicine : evidence and research

2021 Volume 13, Page(s) 145–146

Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-30
Publishing country	New Zealand
Document type	Journal Article ; Comment
ZDB-ID	2520732-5
ISSN	1179-1535
ISSN	1179-1535
DOI	10.2147/HMER.S352746
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Article ; Online: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Prevention of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Barsouk, Adam / Aluru, John Sukumar / Rawla, Prashanth / Saginala, Kalyan / Barsouk, Alexander

Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 11, Issue 2

Abstract: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a group of malignancies, involving the oral cavity, pharynx, hypopharynx, larynx, nasal cavity, and salivary glands, that together compose the seventh most common cancer diagnosis worldwide. With 890,000 ... ...

Abstract	Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a group of malignancies, involving the oral cavity, pharynx, hypopharynx, larynx, nasal cavity, and salivary glands, that together compose the seventh most common cancer diagnosis worldwide. With 890,000 new cases and 450,000 deaths annually per GLOBOCAN estimates, HNSCC accounts for roughly 4.5% of cancer diagnoses and deaths. In the developing world, the incidence of HNSCC is growing with increasing consumption of tobacco (smoked or chewed), alcohol, and areca nut (betel quid). Alcohol and tobacco have a synergistic effect, with the heavy consumption of both increasing HNSCC risk 40-fold. In developed nations, HPV-related HNSCC surpasses tobacco- and alcohol-related disease. HPV-related HNSCC more commonly affects the oropharynx, hypopharynx, and larynx than the oral cavity, and is associated with a significantly longer median survival (130 months vs. 20 months). Discrepancies in etiology as well as disparities in lifestyle choices and access to healthcare may account for the greater incidence and poorer survival of HNSCC among minority and lower-socioeconomic-status communities in developed nations. Pharmacotherapy and counseling together have been shown to be effective in promoting smoking and alcohol cessation. Education on cancer risk and community engagement have reduced areca nut consumption in Asia as well as in diaspora communities. HPV vaccination, starting at age 11-12 for both sexes, has been shown to reduce the prevalence of high-risk HPV serologies and prevent pre-cancerous lesions of the cervix, vagina, and vulva. As of 2020, 58.6% of eligible adolescents in the US have received the full two-vaccine series. Increased adoption of vaccination, education on safe sex practices, and routine visual oral screening for high-risk patients would curb growing HNSCC incidence in developed nations.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Female ; Humans ; Adolescent ; Child ; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck/complications ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/epidemiology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/prevention & control ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/etiology ; Head and Neck Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Head and Neck Neoplasms/prevention & control ; Head and Neck Neoplasms/complications ; Papillomavirus Infections/complications ; Papillomavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Papillomavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Risk Factors
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-13
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2754473-4
ISSN	2076-3271 ; 2076-3271
ISSN (online)	2076-3271
ISSN	2076-3271
DOI	10.3390/medsci11020042
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Epidemiology of gastric cancer: global trends, risk factors and prevention.

Rawla, Prashanth / Barsouk, Adam

Przeglad gastroenterologiczny

2018 Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 26–38

Abstract: Gastric cancer remains one of the most common and deadly cancers worldwide, especially among older males. Based on GLOBOCAN 2018 data, stomach cancer is the ... ...

Abstract	Gastric cancer remains one of the most common and deadly cancers worldwide, especially among older males. Based on GLOBOCAN 2018 data, stomach cancer is the 5
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-11-28
Publishing country	Poland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2596134-2
ISSN	1897-4317 ; 1895-5770
ISSN (online)	1897-4317
ISSN	1895-5770
DOI	10.5114/pg.2018.80001
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Article ; Online: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Prevention of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Adam Barsouk / John Sukumar Aluru / Prashanth Rawla / Kalyan Saginala / Alexander Barsouk

Medical Sciences, Vol 11, Iss 42, p

2023 Volume 42

Abstract	Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a group of malignancies, involving the oral cavity, pharynx, hypopharynx, larynx, nasal cavity, and salivary glands, that together compose the seventh most common cancer diagnosis worldwide. With 890,000 new cases and 450,000 deaths annually per GLOBOCAN estimates, HNSCC accounts for roughly 4.5% of cancer diagnoses and deaths. In the developing world, the incidence of HNSCC is growing with increasing consumption of tobacco (smoked or chewed), alcohol, and areca nut (betel quid). Alcohol and tobacco have a synergistic effect, with the heavy consumption of both increasing HNSCC risk 40-fold. In developed nations, HPV-related HNSCC surpasses tobacco- and alcohol-related disease. HPV-related HNSCC more commonly affects the oropharynx, hypopharynx, and larynx than the oral cavity, and is associated with a significantly longer median survival (130 months vs. 20 months). Discrepancies in etiology as well as disparities in lifestyle choices and access to healthcare may account for the greater incidence and poorer survival of HNSCC among minority and lower-socioeconomic-status communities in developed nations. Pharmacotherapy and counseling together have been shown to be effective in promoting smoking and alcohol cessation. Education on cancer risk and community engagement have reduced areca nut consumption in Asia as well as in diaspora communities. HPV vaccination, starting at age 11–12 for both sexes, has been shown to reduce the prevalence of high-risk HPV serologies and prevent pre-cancerous lesions of the cervix, vagina, and vulva. As of 2020, 58.6% of eligible adolescents in the US have received the full two-vaccine series. Increased adoption of vaccination, education on safe sex practices, and routine visual oral screening for high-risk patients would curb growing HNSCC incidence in developed nations.
Keywords	head and neck cancer ; epidemiology ; incidence ; mortality ; prevention ; risk factors ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: US Cancer Screening Recommendations: Developments and the Impact of COVID-19.

Barsouk, Adam / Saginala, Kalyan / Aluru, John Sukumar / Rawla, Prashanth / Barsouk, Alexander

Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 10, Issue 1

Abstract: The USPSTF and ACS recommend screening for breast, cervical, colorectal, and lung cancers. Rates of cancer screening, diagnosis, and treatment decreased significantly in the US and other developed nations during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic and ... ...

Abstract	The USPSTF and ACS recommend screening for breast, cervical, colorectal, and lung cancers. Rates of cancer screening, diagnosis, and treatment decreased significantly in the US and other developed nations during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown (April 2020) and have since recovered, although not to baseline levels in many cases. For breast cancer, the USPSTF recommends biennial screening with mammography for women aged 50−74, while the ACS recommends annual screening for women aged 45−54, who may transition to biennial after 55. Minority and rural populations have lower rates of screening and lower utilization of DBT, which offers superior sensitivity and specificity. Among 20 US health networks in April 2020, mammography rates were down 89.2% and new breast cancer diagnoses down by 50.5%. For cervical cancer, the USPSTF recommends cervical cytology every three years for women 21−65, or cytology+hrHPV co-testing every five years for women aged 30−65. Cervical cancer screening rates declined by 87% in April 2020 and recovered to a 40% decline by June 2020, with American Indians and Asians most severely affected. For colorectal cancer (CRC), the USPSTF and ACS recommend screening for ages 45−75, recently lowered from a starting age of 50. Most commonly-used modalities include annual FIT testing, FIT+DNA testing every three years, and colonoscopy every ten years, with shorter repeat if polyps are found. In the US, CRC screenings were down by 79−84.5% in April 2020 across several retrospective studies. Patient encounters for CRC were down by 39.9%, and a UK-based model predicted that 5-year-survival would decrease by 6.4%. The USPSTF recommends screening low dose CT scans (LDCTs) for ages 50−80 with a >20 pack-year smoking history who have smoked within the past 15 years. In April 2020, screening LDCTs fell by 72−78% at one US institution and lung cancer diagnoses were down 39.1%.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; Communicable Disease Control ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Retrospective Studies ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/diagnosis
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-01
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2754473-4
ISSN	2076-3271 ; 2076-3271
ISSN (online)	2076-3271
ISSN	2076-3271
DOI	10.3390/medsci10010016
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Valvular Heart Disease Epidemiology.

Aluru, John Sukumar / Barsouk, Adam / Saginala, Kalyan / Rawla, Prashanth / Barsouk, Alexander

Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 10, Issue 2

Abstract: Valvular heart disease is a rapidly growing cause of global cardiovascular morbidity and mortality with diverse and evolving geographic distribution. The prevalence of rheumatic heart disease, the most common valvular heart disease (affecting ... ...

Abstract	Valvular heart disease is a rapidly growing cause of global cardiovascular morbidity and mortality with diverse and evolving geographic distribution. The prevalence of rheumatic heart disease, the most common valvular heart disease (affecting approximately 41 million people), has been rising in developing nations, likely due to the expansion of the young adult population and the decrease in premature mortality that has resulted from improved access to antibiotics, microbiological testing, and echocardiography. Rheumatic heart disease has also been rising among the impoverished and, often, indigenous populations of developed nations, spurring public health initiatives that are aimed at alleviating healthcare disparities. Aortic valve stenotic disease is the most commonly occurring valvular pathology in developed nations (afflicting 9 million people worldwide) and its prevalence has been increasing with population aging and the increased prevalence of atherosclerosis. Aortic regurgitation is associated with diastolic, but not systolic, hypertension and it has likewise seen a rise in the developed world. Mitral regurgitation affects 24 million people worldwide, with great variability between and among nations. Primary mitral regurgitation arises as a consequence of myxomatous degeneration and mitral valve prolapse, which is largely due to genetic predispositions, while secondary mitral regurgitation accounts for 65% of cases and arises secondary to dilation and heart failure. Tricuspid regurgitation has become more prevalent in developed nations due to the increased usage of intracardiac pacemakers. Infective endocarditis prevalence has also grown in developed nations, likely due to population aging and the increased utilization of transcatheter valve replacement and prosthetic valves as interventions against the previously discussed valvular pathologies.
MeSH term(s)	Heart Valve Diseases/complications ; Heart Valve Diseases/epidemiology ; Humans ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency/complications ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency/surgery ; Mitral Valve Prolapse/complications ; Rheumatic Heart Disease/complications ; Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency/complications ; Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency/surgery ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-15
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2754473-4
ISSN	2076-3271 ; 2076-3271
ISSN (online)	2076-3271
ISSN	2076-3271
DOI	10.3390/medsci10020032
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Doxycycline-Induced Acute Pancreatitis: A Rare Adverse Event.

Rawla, Prashanth / Raj, Jeffrey Pradeep

Gastroenterology research

2017 Volume 10, Issue 4, Page(s) 244–246

Abstract: Doxycycline is a broad-spectrum antibiotic belonging to the tetracycline group which acts by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. It is considered to be a relatively safe drug. We report a case of doxycycline-induced acute pancreatitis (DIAP) in an ... ...

Abstract	Doxycycline is a broad-spectrum antibiotic belonging to the tetracycline group which acts by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. It is considered to be a relatively safe drug. We report a case of doxycycline-induced acute pancreatitis (DIAP) in an adult female patient who was started on the usual therapeutic dose 1 week before for acne vulgaris. The WHO causality assessment was possible, and the Naranjo scale confirmed it as "definite" adverse drug reaction. A brief literature review on case reports previously reporting DIAP has also been summarized.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-08-31
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2475913-2
ISSN	1918-2813 ; 1918-2805
ISSN (online)	1918-2813
ISSN	1918-2805
DOI	10.14740/gr838w
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