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Article ; Online: Evaluating Lubricant Performance to Reduce COVID-19 PPE-Related Skin Injury

Masen, Marc

SSRN Electronic Journal ; ISSN 1556-5068

2020

Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publisher	Elsevier BV
Publishing country	us
Document type	Article ; Online
DOI	10.2139/ssrn.3642575
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Evaluating Lubricant Performance to Reduce COVID-19 PPE-Related Skin Injury

Masen, Marc

Abstract: Background: Healthcare workers around the world are experiencing skin injury due to the extended use of personal protective equipment (PPE) during the COVID- ... ...

Abstract	Background: Healthcare workers around the world are experiencing skin injury due to the extended use of personal protective equipment (PPE) during the COVID-19
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #1699
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: Friction and neuroimaging of active and passive tactile touch.

Zhou, Xue / Li, Yiyuan / Tian, Yu / Masen, Marc A / Li, Yuanzhe / Jin, Zhongmin

Scientific reports

2023 Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) 13077

Abstract: Two types of exploratory touch including active sliding and passive sliding are usually encountered in the daily life. The friction behavior of the human finger against the surface of objects is important in tactile perception. The neural mechanisms ... ...

Abstract	Two types of exploratory touch including active sliding and passive sliding are usually encountered in the daily life. The friction behavior of the human finger against the surface of objects is important in tactile perception. The neural mechanisms correlating to tribological behavior are not fully understood. This study investigated the tactile response of active and passive finger friction characterized with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). The friction test and fNIRS test were performed simultaneously using the tactile stimulus of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) specimens. Results showed that the sliding modes did not obviously influence the friction property of skin. While three cortex regions were activated in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), showing a higher activation level of passive sliding. This revealed that the tribological performance was not a simple parameter to affect tactile perception, and the difference in cortical hemodynamic activity of active and passive touch was also recognised. The movement-related blood flow changes revealed the role of PFC in integrating tactile sensation although there was no estimation task on roughness perception.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Touch/physiology ; Friction ; Touch Perception/physiology ; Skin ; Fingers/physiology ; Neuroimaging
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-023-40326-y
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: A numerical analysis of skin-PPE interaction to prevent facial tissue injury.

Jobanputra, Rikeen D / Hayes, Jack / Royyuru, Sravani / Masen, Marc A

Scientific reports

2021 Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 16248

Abstract: The use of close-fitting PPE is essential to prevent exposure to dispersed airborne matter, including the COVID-19 virus. The current pandemic has increased pressure on healthcare systems around the world, leading to medical professionals using high- ... ...

Abstract	The use of close-fitting PPE is essential to prevent exposure to dispersed airborne matter, including the COVID-19 virus. The current pandemic has increased pressure on healthcare systems around the world, leading to medical professionals using high-grade PPE for prolonged durations, resulting in device-induced skin injuries. This study focuses on computationally improving the interaction between skin and PPE to reduce the likelihood of discomfort and tissue damage. A finite element model is developed to simulate the movement of PPE against the face during day-to-day tasks. Due to limited available data on skin characteristics and how these vary interpersonally between sexes, races and ages, the main objective of this study was to establish the effects and trends that mask modifications have on the resulting subsurface strain energy density distribution in the skin. These modifications include the material, geometric and interfacial properties. Overall, the results show that skin injury can be reduced by using softer mask materials, whilst friction against the skin should be minimised, e.g. through use of micro-textures, humidity control and topical creams. Furthermore, the contact area between the mask and skin should be maximised, whilst the use of soft materials with incompressible behaviour (e.g. many elastomers) should be avoided.
MeSH term(s)	Computer Simulation ; Face/anatomy & histology ; Finite Element Analysis ; Friction ; Humans ; Masks/adverse effects ; Masks/standards ; Skin Diseases/etiology ; Skin Diseases/prevention & control ; Skin Physiological Phenomena ; User-Centered Design
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-021-95861-3
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Influence of different fluid environments on tactile perception and finger friction.

Zhou, Xue / Masen, Marc A / Li, Yi Yuan / Yap, Kian Kun / Murali, Manoj / Jin, Zhong Min

Journal of the Royal Society, Interface

2022 Volume 19, Issue 188, Page(s) 20210783

Abstract: Human beings often explore and perceive the characteristics of objects by touching with their fingers. During this process, the contact pressure and shear stress acting on the skin also modulate the tactile sensation. The external environment is an ... ...

Abstract	Human beings often explore and perceive the characteristics of objects by touching with their fingers. During this process, the contact pressure and shear stress acting on the skin also modulate the tactile sensation. The external environment is an important factor that influences tactile perception as well as the finger friction characteristics. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of fluid environments, such as air, deionized water (DW) and thickened water (TW), on perceived roughness and relevant friction behaviour during finger movement. Two studies were performed to analyse the effect of fluid environment as well as the influence of lubricant viscosity on finger tactile friction behaviour. Participants conducted perception and sliding friction tests with their index finger in air and submerged in DW and TW, respectively. Perception tests were performed using a pairwise comparison, scoring the perceived roughness difference between a reference sample and the test sample. The statistical analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the roughness perception between air and DW, while the sensitivity of perception reduced with increasing lubricant viscosity. An approximate calculation of the film thickness was combined with classical lubrication theory to investigate the relationship between perception and friction. In TW, the thick film formed between the finger and the polytetrafluoroethylene plate changed the contact of the asperities with the skin, thus changing the subjective judgement and friction.
MeSH term(s)	Fingers ; Friction ; Humans ; Skin ; Touch ; Touch Perception
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2156283-0
ISSN	1742-5662 ; 1742-5689
ISSN (online)	1742-5662
ISSN	1742-5689
DOI	10.1098/rsif.2021.0783
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: A numerical analysis of skin–PPE interaction to prevent facial tissue injury

Rikeen D. Jobanputra / Jack Hayes / Sravani Royyuru / Marc A. Masen

Scientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2021 Volume 10

Abstract: Abstract The use of close-fitting PPE is essential to prevent exposure to dispersed airborne matter, including the COVID-19 virus. The current pandemic has increased pressure on healthcare systems around the world, leading to medical professionals using ... ...

Abstract	Abstract The use of close-fitting PPE is essential to prevent exposure to dispersed airborne matter, including the COVID-19 virus. The current pandemic has increased pressure on healthcare systems around the world, leading to medical professionals using high-grade PPE for prolonged durations, resulting in device-induced skin injuries. This study focuses on computationally improving the interaction between skin and PPE to reduce the likelihood of discomfort and tissue damage. A finite element model is developed to simulate the movement of PPE against the face during day-to-day tasks. Due to limited available data on skin characteristics and how these vary interpersonally between sexes, races and ages, the main objective of this study was to establish the effects and trends that mask modifications have on the resulting subsurface strain energy density distribution in the skin. These modifications include the material, geometric and interfacial properties. Overall, the results show that skin injury can be reduced by using softer mask materials, whilst friction against the skin should be minimised, e.g. through use of micro-textures, humidity control and topical creams. Furthermore, the contact area between the mask and skin should be maximised, whilst the use of soft materials with incompressible behaviour (e.g. many elastomers) should be avoided.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	571
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Nature Portfolio
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Lateral pressure equalisation as a principle for designing support surfaces to prevent deep tissue pressure ulcers.

Boyle, Colin J / Carpanen, Diagarajen / Pandelani, Thanyani / Higgins, Claire A / Masen, Marc A / Masouros, Spyros D

PloS one

2020 Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) e0227064

Abstract: When immobile or neuropathic patients are supported by beds or chairs, their soft tissues undergo deformations that can cause pressure ulcers. Current support surfaces that redistribute under-body pressures at vulnerable body sites have not succeeded in ... ...

Abstract	When immobile or neuropathic patients are supported by beds or chairs, their soft tissues undergo deformations that can cause pressure ulcers. Current support surfaces that redistribute under-body pressures at vulnerable body sites have not succeeded in reducing pressure ulcer prevalence. Here we show that adding a supporting lateral pressure can counter-act the deformations induced by under-body pressure, and that this 'pressure equalisation' approach is a more effective way to reduce ulcer-inducing deformations than current approaches based on redistributing under-body pressure. A finite element model of the seated pelvis predicts that applying a lateral pressure to the soft tissue reduces peak von Mises stress in the deep tissue by a factor of 2.4 relative to a standard cushion (from 113 kPa to 47 kPa)-a greater effect than that achieved by using a more conformable cushion, which reduced von Mises stress to 75 kPa. Combining both a conformable cushion and lateral pressure reduced peak von Mises stresses to 25 kPa. The ratio of peak lateral pressure to peak under-body pressure was shown to regulate deep tissue stress better than under-body pressure alone. By optimising the magnitude and position of lateral pressure, tissue deformations can be reduced to that induced when suspended in a fluid. Our results explain the lack of efficacy in current support surfaces and suggest a new approach to designing and evaluating support surfaces: ensuring sufficient lateral pressure is applied to counter-act under-body pressure.
MeSH term(s)	Biomechanical Phenomena ; Buttocks ; Equipment Design ; Humans ; Pelvis ; Pressure ; Pressure Ulcer/prevention & control ; Therapy, Soft Tissue/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-01-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0227064
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: A lubrication replenishment theory for hydrogels.

Porte, Elze / Cann, Philippa / Masen, Marc

Soft matter

2020 Volume 16, Issue 45, Page(s) 10290–10300

Abstract: Hydrogels are suggested as less invasive alternatives to total joint replacements, but their inferior tribological performance compared to articular cartilage remains a barrier to implementation. Existing lubrication theories do not fully characterise ... ...

Abstract	Hydrogels are suggested as less invasive alternatives to total joint replacements, but their inferior tribological performance compared to articular cartilage remains a barrier to implementation. Existing lubrication theories do not fully characterise the friction response of all hydrogels, and a better insight into the lubrication mechanisms must be established to enable optimised hydrogel performance. We therefore studied the lubricating conditions in a hydrogel contact using fluorescent imaging under simulated physiological sliding conditions. A reciprocating configuration was used to examine the effects of contact dimension and stroke length on the lubricant replenishment in the contact. The results show that the lubrication behaviour is strongly dependent on the contact configurations; When the system operates in a 'migrating' configuration, with the stroke length larger than the contact width, the contact is uniformly lubricated and shows low friction; When the contact is in an 'overlapping' configuration with a stroke length smaller than the contact width, the contact is not fully replenished, resulting in high friction. The mechanism of non-replenishment at small relative stroke length was also observed in a cartilage contact, indicating that the theory could be generalised to soft porous materials. The lubrication replenishment theory is important for the development of joint replacement materials, as most physiological joints operate under conditions of overlapping contact, meaning steady-state lubrication does not necessarily occur.
MeSH term(s)	Cartilage, Articular ; Friction ; Hydrogels ; Lubricants ; Lubrication
Chemical Substances	Hydrogels ; Lubricants
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2191476-X
ISSN	1744-6848 ; 1744-683X
ISSN (online)	1744-6848
ISSN	1744-683X
DOI	10.1039/d0sm01236j
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Article: Modernising Orodispersible Film Characterisation to Improve Palatability and Acceptability Using a Toolbox of Techniques.

Desai, Neel / Masen, Marc / Cann, Philippa / Hanson, Ben / Tuleu, Catherine / Orlu, Mine

Pharmaceutics

2022 Volume 14, Issue 4

Abstract: Orodispersible films (ODFs) have been widely used in paediatric, geriatric and dysphagic patients due to ease of administration and precise and flexible dose adjustments. ODF fabrication has seen significant advancements with the move towards more ... ...

Abstract	Orodispersible films (ODFs) have been widely used in paediatric, geriatric and dysphagic patients due to ease of administration and precise and flexible dose adjustments. ODF fabrication has seen significant advancements with the move towards more technologically advanced production methods. The acceptability of ODFs is dependent upon film composition and process of formation, which affects disintegration, taste, texture and mouthfeel. There is currently a lack of testing to accurately assess ODFs for these important acceptability sensory perceptions. This study produced four ODFs formed of polyvinyl alcohol and sodium carboxymethylcellulose using 3D printing. These were assessed using three in vitro methods: Petri dish and oral cavity model (OCM) methods for disintegration and bio-tribology for disintegration and oral perception. Increasing polymer molecular weight (MW) exponentially increased disintegration time in the Petri dish and OCM methods. Higher MW films adhered to the OCM upper palate. Bio-tribology analysis showed that films of higher MW disintegrated quickest and had lower coefficient of friction, perhaps demonstrating good oral perception but also stickiness, with higher viscosity. These techniques, part of a toolbox, may enable formulators to design, test and reformulate ODFs that both disintegrate rapidly and may be better perceived when consumed, improving overall treatment acceptability.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-29
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2527217-2
ISSN	1999-4923
ISSN	1999-4923
DOI	10.3390/pharmaceutics14040732
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Wax-oil lubricants to reduce the shear between skin and PPE.

Yap, Kian Kun / Murali, Manoj / Tan, Zhengchu / Zhou, Xue / Li, Luli / Masen, Marc Arthur

Scientific reports

2021 Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 11537

Abstract: Prolonged use of tight-fitting PPE, e.g., by COVID-19 healthcare workers leads to skin injuries. An important contributor is the shear exerted on the skin due to static friction at the skin-PPE interface. This study aims to develop an optimised wax-oil ... ...

Abstract	Prolonged use of tight-fitting PPE, e.g., by COVID-19 healthcare workers leads to skin injuries. An important contributor is the shear exerted on the skin due to static friction at the skin-PPE interface. This study aims to develop an optimised wax-oil lubricant that reduces the friction, or shear, in the skin-PPE contact for up to four hours. Lubricants with different wax-oil combinations were prepared using beeswax, paraffin wax, olive oil, and mineral oil. In-vivo friction measurements involving seven participants were conducted by sliding a polydimethylsiloxane ball against the volar forearms to simulate the skin-PPE interface. The maximum static coefficient of friction was measured immediately and four hours after lubricant application. It was found that the coefficient of friction of wax-oil lubricants is mainly governed by the ratio of wax to oil and the thermal stability and morphology of the wax. To maintain long-term lubricity, it is crucial to consider the absorption of oil into the PPE material. The best performing lubricant is a mixture of 20 wt% beeswax, 40 wt% olive oil, and 40 wt% mineral oil, which compared to unlubricated skin, provides 87% (P = 0.0006) and 59% (P = 0.0015) reduction in instantaneous and 4-h coefficient of friction, respectively.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; COVID-19 ; Female ; Forearm/physiology ; Humans ; Lubricants/chemistry ; Lubricants/pharmacology ; Male ; Mineral Oil/chemistry ; Olive Oil/chemistry ; Personal Protective Equipment/adverse effects ; Skin/drug effects ; Time Factors ; Waxes/chemistry
Chemical Substances	Lubricants ; Olive Oil ; Waxes ; beeswax (2ZA36H0S2V) ; Mineral Oil (8020-83-5)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-021-91119-0
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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