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Article ; Online: 1.5-T MR relaxometry in quantifying splenic and pancreatic iron: retrospective comparison of a commercial 3D-Dixon sequence and an established 2D multi-gradient echo sequence.

Plaikner, Michaela / Lanser, Lukas / Kremser, Christian / Weiss, Günter / Henninger, Benjamin

2023 Volume 33, Issue 7, Page(s) 4973–4980

Abstract: Objectives: To compare the quantitative measurement of splenic and pancreatic iron content using a commercial 3D-Dixon sequence (qDixon) versus an established fat-saturated R2* relaxometry method (ME-GRE).: Methods: We analyzed splenic and pancreatic ...

Abstract	Objectives: To compare the quantitative measurement of splenic and pancreatic iron content using a commercial 3D-Dixon sequence (qDixon) versus an established fat-saturated R2* relaxometry method (ME-GRE). Methods: We analyzed splenic and pancreatic iron levels in 143 MR examinations (1.5 T) using the qDixon and a ME-GRE sequence (108 patients: 65 males, 43 females, mean age 61.31 years). Splenic and pancreatic R2* values were compared between both methods using Bland-Altman plots, concordance correlation coefficients (CCC), and linear regression analyses. Iron overload (R2* > 50 1/s) was defined for both organs and compared using contingency tables, overall agreement, and Gwet's AC1 coefficient. Results: Of all analyzable examinations, the median splenic R2* using the qDixon sequence was 25.75 1/s (range: 5.6-433) and for the ME-GRE sequence 35.35 1/s (range: 10.9-400.8) respectively. Concerning the pancreas, a median R2* of 29.93 1/s (range: 14-111.45) for the qDixon and 31.25 1/s (range: 14-97) for the ME-GRE sequence was found. Bland-Altman analysis showed a mean R2* difference of 2.12 1/s with a CCC of 0.934 for the spleen and of 0.29 1/s with a CCC of 0.714 for the pancreas. Linear regression for the spleen/pancreas resulted in a correlation coefficient of 0.94 (p < 0.001)/0.725 (p < 0.001). Concerning iron overload, the proportion of overall agreement between the two methods was 91.43% for the spleen and 93.18% for the pancreas. Conclusions: Our data show good concordance between R2* values obtained with a commercial qDixon sequence and a validated ME-GRE relaxometry method. The 3D-qDixon sequence, originally intended for liver assessment, seems to be a reliable tool for non-invasive evaluation of iron content also in the spleen and the pancreas. Key points: • A 3D chemical shift imaging sequence and 2D multi-gradient echo sequence show good conformity quantifying splenic and pancreatic R2* values. • The 3D chemical shift imaging sequence allows a reliable analysis also of splenic and pancreatic iron status. • In addition to the liver, the analysis of the spleen and pancreas is often helpful for further differential diagnostic clarification and patient guidance regarding the iron status.
MeSH term(s)	Male ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Iron/analysis ; Spleen/diagnostic imaging ; Retrospective Studies ; Iron Overload/diagnostic imaging ; Liver/chemistry ; Pancreas/diagnostic imaging ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods
Chemical Substances	Iron (E1UOL152H7)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-17
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1085366-2
ISSN	1432-1084 ; 0938-7994 ; 1613-3749
ISSN (online)	1432-1084
ISSN	0938-7994 ; 1613-3749
DOI	10.1007/s00330-023-09451-0
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Article ; Online: Physiology and Inflammation Driven Pathophysiology of Iron Homeostasis-Mechanistic Insights into Anemia of Inflammation and Its Treatment.

Lanser, Lukas / Fuchs, Dietmar / Kurz, Katharina / Weiss, Günter

Nutrients

2021 Volume 13, Issue 11

Abstract: Anemia is very common in patients with inflammatory disorders. Its prevalence is associated with severity of the underlying disease, and it negatively affects quality of life and cardio-vascular performance of patients. Anemia of inflammation (AI) is ... ...

Abstract	Anemia is very common in patients with inflammatory disorders. Its prevalence is associated with severity of the underlying disease, and it negatively affects quality of life and cardio-vascular performance of patients. Anemia of inflammation (AI) is caused by disturbances of iron metabolism resulting in iron retention within macrophages, a reduced erythrocyte half-life, and cytokine mediated inhibition of erythropoietin function and erythroid progenitor cell differentiation. AI is mostly mild to moderate, normochromic and normocytic, and characterized by low circulating iron, but normal and increased levels of the storage protein ferritin and the iron hormone hepcidin. The primary therapeutic approach for AI is treatment of the underlying inflammatory disease which mostly results in normalization of hemoglobin levels over time unless other pathologies such as vitamin deficiencies, true iron deficiency on the basis of bleeding episodes, or renal insufficiency are present. If the underlying disease and/or anemia are not resolved, iron supplementation therapy and/or treatment with erythropoietin stimulating agents may be considered whereas blood transfusions are an emergency treatment for life-threatening anemia. New treatments with hepcidin-modifying strategies and stabilizers of hypoxia inducible factors emerge but their therapeutic efficacy for treatment of AI in ill patients needs to be evaluated in clinical trials.
MeSH term(s)	Anemia/complications ; Anemia/diagnosis ; Anemia/physiopathology ; Anemia/therapy ; Erythropoiesis ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Inflammation/complications ; Inflammation/physiopathology ; Inflammation/therapy ; Iron/metabolism ; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
Chemical Substances	Iron (E1UOL152H7)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-22
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
ISSN (online)	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu13113732
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Article: Physiology and Inflammation Driven Pathophysiology of Iron Homeostasis—Mechanistic Insights into Anemia of Inflammation and Its Treatment

Lanser, Lukas / Fuchs, Dietmar / Kurz, Katharina / Weiss, Günter

Nutrients. 2021 Oct. 22, v. 13, no. 11

2021

Abstract	Anemia is very common in patients with inflammatory disorders. Its prevalence is associated with severity of the underlying disease, and it negatively affects quality of life and cardio-vascular performance of patients. Anemia of inflammation (AI) is caused by disturbances of iron metabolism resulting in iron retention within macrophages, a reduced erythrocyte half-life, and cytokine mediated inhibition of erythropoietin function and erythroid progenitor cell differentiation. AI is mostly mild to moderate, normochromic and normocytic, and characterized by low circulating iron, but normal and increased levels of the storage protein ferritin and the iron hormone hepcidin. The primary therapeutic approach for AI is treatment of the underlying inflammatory disease which mostly results in normalization of hemoglobin levels over time unless other pathologies such as vitamin deficiencies, true iron deficiency on the basis of bleeding episodes, or renal insufficiency are present. If the underlying disease and/or anemia are not resolved, iron supplementation therapy and/or treatment with erythropoietin stimulating agents may be considered whereas blood transfusions are an emergency treatment for life-threatening anemia. New treatments with hepcidin-modifying strategies and stabilizers of hypoxia inducible factors emerge but their therapeutic efficacy for treatment of AI in ill patients needs to be evaluated in clinical trials.
Keywords	anemia ; cell differentiation ; erythrocytes ; erythropoietin ; ferritin ; half life ; hemoglobin ; hepcidin ; hypoxia ; inflammation ; iron ; iron absorption ; macrophages ; pathophysiology ; quality of life ; renal failure ; stem cells
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-1022
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu13113732
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Coronavirus Disease 2019: Clinics, Treatment, and Prevention.

Burkert, Francesco Robert / Lanser, Lukas / Bellmann-Weiler, Rosa / Weiss, Günter

Frontiers in microbiology

2021 Volume 12, Page(s) 761887

Abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged at the end of 2019 in China and affected the entire world population, either by infection and its health ... ...

Abstract	The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged at the end of 2019 in China and affected the entire world population, either by infection and its health consequences, or by restrictions in daily life as a consequence of hygiene measures and containment strategies. As of September 2021, more than 231,000.000 infections and 4,740.000 deaths due to COVID-19 have been reported. The infections present with varied clinical symptoms and severity, ranging from asymptomatic course to fatal outcome. Several risk factors for a severe course of the disease have been identified, the most important being age, gender, comorbidities, lifestyle, and genetics. While most patients recover within several weeks, some report persistent symptoms restricting their daily lives and activities, termed as post-COVID. Over the past 18months, we have acquired significant knowledge as reflected by an almost uncountable number of publications on the nature of the underlying virus and its evolution, host responses to infection, modes of transmission, and different clinical presentations of the disease. Along this line, new diagnostic tests and algorithms have been developed paralleled by the search for and clinical evaluation of specific treatments for the different stages of the disease. In addition, preventive non-pharmacological measures have been implemented to control the spread of infection in the community. While an effective antiviral therapy is not yet available, numerous vaccines including novel vaccine technologies have been developed, which show high protection from infection and specifically from a severe course or death from COVID-19. In this review, we tried to provide an up-to-date schematic of COVID-19, including aspects of epidemiology, virology, clinical presentation, diagnostics, therapy, and prevention.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-11
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2587354-4
ISSN	1664-302X
ISSN	1664-302X
DOI	10.3389/fmicb.2021.761887
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Article: Markers of Infection-Mediated Cardiac Damage in Influenza and COVID-19.

Burkert, Francesco Robert / Lanser, Lukas / Pizzini, Alex / Bellmann-Weiler, Rosa / Weiss, Günter

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 11, Issue 10

Abstract: Introduction: Influenza and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are two potentially severe viral infections causing significant morbidity and mortality. The causative viruses, influenza A/B and the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ( ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Influenza and the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are two potentially severe viral infections causing significant morbidity and mortality. The causative viruses, influenza A/B and the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) can cause both pulmonary and extra-pulmonary disease, including cardiovascular involvement. The objective of this study was to determine the levels of cardiac biomarkers in hospitalized patients infected with influenza or COVID-19 and their correlation with secondary outcomes. Methods: We performed a retrospective comparative analysis of cardiac biomarkers in patients hospitalized at our department with influenza or COVID-19 by measuring high-sensitivity troponin-T (hs-TnT) and creatinine kinase (CK) in plasma. Secondary outcomes were intensive care unit (ICU) admission and all-cause in-hospital mortality. Results: We analyzed the data of 250 influenza patients and 366 COVID-19 patients. 58.6% of patients with influenza and 46.2% of patients with COVID-19 presented with increased hs-TnT levels. Patients of both groups with increased hs-TnT levels were significantly more likely to require ICU treatment or to die during their hospital stay. Compared with COVID-19, cardiac biomarkers were significantly higher in patients affected by influenza of all age groups, regardless of pre-existing cardiovascular disease. In patients aged under 65 years, no significant difference in ICU admission and mortality was detected between influenza and COVID-19, whereas significantly more COVID-19 patients 65 years or older died or required intensive care treatment. Conclusions: Our study shows that increased cardiac biomarkers are associated with higher mortality and ICU admission in both, influenza and SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. Cardiac biomarkers are higher in the influenza cohort; however, this does not translate into worse outcomes when compared with the COVID-19 cohort.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-16
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2695572-6
ISSN	2076-0817
ISSN	2076-0817
DOI	10.3390/pathogens11101191
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Article ; Online: Imbalance of Iron Availability and Demand in Patients With Acute and Chronic Heart Failure.

Lanser, Lukas / Poelzl, Gerhard / Messner, Moritz / Ungericht, Maria / Zaruba, Marc-Michael / Hirsch, Jakob / Hechenberger, Stefan / Obersteiner, Stefan / Koller, Bernhard / Ulmer, Hanno / Weiss, Guenter

Journal of the American Heart Association

2024 , Page(s) e032540

Abstract: Background: Iron deficiency (ID) is a frequent comorbidity in patients with acute (AHF) and chronic heart failure (CHF) associated with morbidity and death. We aimed to better characterize iron homeostasis in patients with heart failure applying ... ...

Abstract	Background: Iron deficiency (ID) is a frequent comorbidity in patients with acute (AHF) and chronic heart failure (CHF) associated with morbidity and death. We aimed to better characterize iron homeostasis in patients with heart failure applying different biomarkers and to evaluate the accuracy of current ID definition by the European Society of Cardiology/American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association to indicate tissue iron availability and demand. Methods and results: We performed a retrospective cohort study investigating 277 patients with AHF and 476 patients with CHF between February 2021 and May 2022. Patients with AHF had more advanced ID than patients with CHF, reflected by increased soluble transferrin receptor and soluble transferrin receptor-ferritin index, and lower ferritin, serum iron, transferrin saturation, hepcidin, and reticulocyte hemoglobin. Decreased iron availability or increased tissue iron demand, reflected by increased soluble transferrin receptor-ferritin index and decreased reticulocyte hemoglobin, was found in 84.1% (AHF) and 28.0% (CHF) with absolute ID and in 50.0% (AHF) and 10.5% (CHF) with combined ID according to the current European Society of Cardiology/American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association-based ID definition. Low hepcidin expression as an indicator of systemic ID was found in 91.1% (AHF) and 80.4% (CHF) of patients with absolute ID and in 32.3% (AHF) and 18.8% (CHF) of patients with combined ID. ID definitions with higher specificity reduce the need for iron supplementation by 25.5% in patients with AHF and by 65.6% in patients with CHF. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the current European Society of Cardiology/American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association-based ID definition might overestimate true ID, particularly in CHF. More stringent thresholds for ID could more accurately identify patients with heart failure with reduced tissue iron availability who benefit from intravenous iron supplementation.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2653953-6
ISSN	2047-9980 ; 2047-9980
ISSN (online)	2047-9980
ISSN	2047-9980
DOI	10.1161/JAHA.123.032540
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Article ; Online: The Immunopathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease Is Related to the Composition of Gut Microbiota.

Leblhuber, Friedrich / Ehrlich, Daniela / Steiner, Kostja / Geisler, Simon / Fuchs, Dietmar / Lanser, Lukas / Kurz, Katharina

Nutrients

2021 Volume 13, Issue 2

Abstract: The microbiota-gut-brain axis plays an important role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Commensal and pathogenic enteric bacteria can influence brain and immune system function by the production of lipopolysaccharides and amyloid. ... ...

Abstract	The microbiota-gut-brain axis plays an important role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Commensal and pathogenic enteric bacteria can influence brain and immune system function by the production of lipopolysaccharides and amyloid. Dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiome induces local and consecutively systemic immune-mediated inflammation. Proinflammatory cytokines then trigger neuroinflammation and finally neurodegeneration. Immune-mediated oxidative stress can lead to a deficiency of vitamins and essential micronutrients. Furthermore, the wrong composition of gut microbiota might impair the intake and metabolization of nutrients. In patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) significant alterations of the gut microbiota have been demonstrated. Standard Western diet, infections, decreased physical activity and chronic stress impact the composition and diversity of gut microbiota. A higher abundancy of "pro-inflammatory" gut microbiota goes along with enhanced systemic inflammation and neuroinflammatory processes. Thus, AD beginning in the gut is closely related to the imbalance of gut microbiota. Modulation of gut microbiota by Mediterranean diet, probiotics and curcumin can slow down cognitive decline and alter the gut microbiome significantly. A multi-domain intervention approach addressing underlying causes of AD (inflammation, infections, metabolic alterations like insulin resistance and nutrient deficiency, stress) appears very promising to reduce or even reverse cognitive decline by exerting positive effects on the gut microbiota.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Alzheimer Disease/immunology ; Alzheimer Disease/microbiology ; Alzheimer Disease/pathology ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Humans
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-25
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
ISSN (online)	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu13020361
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Article ; Online: Conjugal multiple system atrophy: Rethinking numbers of probability.

Mitterer, Wolfgang / Lanser, Lukas / Fodor, Margot / Weiss, Johannes / Scholz, Sonja W / Wenning, Gregor K

Parkinsonism & related disorders

2020 Volume 77, Page(s) 176–177

MeSH term(s)	Cerebellum/metabolism ; Humans ; Multiple System Atrophy ; Parkinson Disease ; Probability ; alpha-Synuclein/metabolism
Chemical Substances	alpha-Synuclein
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-16
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter ; Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Comment
ZDB-ID	1311489-x
ISSN	1873-5126 ; 1353-8020
ISSN (online)	1873-5126
ISSN	1353-8020
DOI	10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.08.005
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Article ; Online: Evaluating the clinical utility and sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 antigen testing in relation to RT-PCR Ct values.

Lanser, Lukas / Bellmann-Weiler, Rosa / Öttl, Karla-Wanda / Huber, Lukas / Griesmacher, Andrea / Theurl, Igor / Weiss, Günter

Infection

2020 Volume 49, Issue 3, Page(s) 555–557

MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/virology ; COVID-19 Serological Testing/methods ; Humans ; RNA, Viral/genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics ; Sensitivity and Specificity
Chemical Substances	RNA, Viral
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-13
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	185104-4
ISSN	1439-0973 ; 0300-8126 ; 0173-2129
ISSN (online)	1439-0973
ISSN	0300-8126 ; 0173-2129
DOI	10.1007/s15010-020-01542-0
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Article: Anemia of Chronic Disease in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease.

Lanser, Lukas / Fuchs, Dietmar / Scharnagl, Hubert / Grammer, Tanja / Kleber, Marcus E / März, Winfried / Weiss, Günter / Kurz, Katharina

Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine

2021 Volume 8, Page(s) 666638

Abstract: Objective: ...

Abstract	Objective:
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-12
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2781496-8
ISSN	2297-055X
ISSN	2297-055X
DOI	10.3389/fcvm.2021.666638
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