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  1. Article ; Online: THE DEGREE OF COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT

    Soyoung PARK / Sungchan KIM

    Journal of Urban and Regional Analysis, Vol 6, Iss 2, Pp 129-

    EMPIRICAL RESEARCH IN BALTIMORE CITY

    2022  Volume 141

    Abstract: The purpose of this study is to investigate influential factors that affect the levels of community engagement. Factors include community-level characteristics as well as demographic features of individuals in the community of Baltimore City. The study ... ...

    Abstract The purpose of this study is to investigate influential factors that affect the levels of community engagement. Factors include community-level characteristics as well as demographic features of individuals in the community of Baltimore City. The study examines various community factors that affect the level of community engagement in the urban area, such as the level of homeownership, socioeconomic factors such as income and education, and demographic factors such as race, age, and sex. Findings from the study indicate that various factors from the social-cum-ethnic stratification influence the degree of community engagement in this urban area. Specifically, communities with high income levels and high levels of homeownership are more likely to induce residents to participate in their community. With regard to demographic factors, African-Americans and persons over the age of 65 years old are more willing to engage in community activities.
    Keywords community engagement ; social-cum-ethnic stratification ; urban community ; Cities. Urban geography ; GF125 ; Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology ; HT101-395
    Subject code 360
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher University of Bucharest
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  2. Article ; Online: Diagnosing oral and maxillofacial diseases using deep learning.

    Kang, Junegyu / Le, Van Nhat Thang / Lee, Dae-Woo / Kim, Sungchan

    Scientific reports

    2024  Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 2497

    Abstract: The classification and localization of odontogenic lesions from panoramic radiographs is a challenging task due to the positional biases and class imbalances of the lesions. To address these challenges, a novel neural network, DOLNet, is proposed that ... ...

    Abstract The classification and localization of odontogenic lesions from panoramic radiographs is a challenging task due to the positional biases and class imbalances of the lesions. To address these challenges, a novel neural network, DOLNet, is proposed that uses mutually influencing hierarchical attention across different image scales to jointly learn the global representation of the entire jaw and the local discrepancy between normal tissue and lesions. The proposed approach uses local attention to learn representations within a patch. From the patch-level representations, we generate inter-patch, i.e., global, attention maps to represent the positional prior of lesions in the whole image. Global attention enables the reciprocal calibration of path-level representations by considering non-local information from other patches, thereby improving the generation of whole-image-level representation. To address class imbalances, we propose an effective data augmentation technique that involves merging lesion crops with normal images, thereby synthesizing new abnormal cases for effective model training. Our approach outperforms recent studies, enhancing the classification performance by up to 42.4% and 44.2% in recall and F1 scores, respectively, and ensuring robust lesion localization with respect to lesion size variations and positional biases. Our approach further outperforms human expert clinicians in classification by 10.7 % and 10.8 % in recall and F1 score, respectively.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Deep Learning ; Neural Networks, Computer ; Radiography, Panoramic ; Odontogenesis
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-30
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2615211-3
    ISSN 2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
    ISSN (online) 2045-2322
    ISSN 2045-2322
    DOI 10.1038/s41598-024-52929-0
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  3. Article ; Online: Occurrence of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes on Ornamental Foliage Plants, Citrus Orchards, and Tea Plantations in Korea

    Sungchan Huh / Namsook Park / Yongchul Kim / Insoo Choi

    Research in Plant Disease, Vol 29, Iss 4, Pp 459-

    2023  Volume 463

    Abstract: This study was conducted to investigate the plant-parasitic nematodes of ornamental foliage plants, citrus orchards, and tea plantations from July to December 2022. As a result of the investigation of plant-parasitic nematodes in 415 foliage plants, root- ...

    Abstract This study was conducted to investigate the plant-parasitic nematodes of ornamental foliage plants, citrus orchards, and tea plantations from July to December 2022. As a result of the investigation of plant-parasitic nematodes in 415 foliage plants, root-lesion nematodes were detected most frequently, followed by root-knot nematodes, pin nematodes, and other nematodes. In tea plantations, spiral nematodes, cyst nematodes, and root-knot nematodes were detected. Citrus nematodes, ring nematodes, and root-knot nematodes were discovered in citrus orchards. In foliage plants, tea plantations, and citrus orchards, the detection rate of plant-parasitic nematodes was not high, but root-lesion nematodes were detected. Therefore, it is necessary to apply appropriate control methods to manage root-lesion nematodes during the cultivation of foliage, tea, and citrus plants.
    Keywords citrus ; foliage plant ; plant-parasitic nematodes ; root-lesion nematodes ; tea ; Agriculture (General) ; S1-972
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Hanrimwon Publishing Company
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  4. Article: Heterogeneity is a key factor describing the initial outbreak of COVID-19.

    Kim, Sungchan / Abdulali, Arsen / Lee, Sunmi

    Applied mathematical modelling

    2023  Volume 117, Page(s) 714–725

    Abstract: Assessing the transmission potential of emerging infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, is crucial for implementing prompt and effective intervention policies. The basic reproduction number is widely used to measure the severity of the early stages of ... ...

    Abstract Assessing the transmission potential of emerging infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, is crucial for implementing prompt and effective intervention policies. The basic reproduction number is widely used to measure the severity of the early stages of disease outbreaks. The basic reproduction number of standard ordinary differential equation models is computed for homogeneous contact patterns; however, realistic contact patterns are far from homogeneous, specifically during the early stages of disease transmission. Heterogeneity of contact patterns can lead to superspreading events that show a significantly high level of heterogeneity in generating secondary infections. This is primarily due to the large variance in the contact patterns of complex human behaviours. Hence, in this work, we investigate the impacts of heterogeneity in contact patterns on the basic reproduction number by developing two distinct model frameworks: 1) an SEIR-Erlang ordinary differential equation model and 2) an SEIR stochastic agent-based model. Furthermore, we estimated the transmission probability of both models in the context of COVID-19 in South Korea. Our results highlighted the importance of heterogeneity in contact patterns and indicated that there should be more information than one quantity (the basic reproduction number as the mean quantity), such as a degree-specific basic reproduction number in the distributional sense when the contact pattern is highly heterogeneous.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-01-09
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2004151-2
    ISSN 0307-904X
    ISSN 0307-904X
    DOI 10.1016/j.apm.2023.01.005
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  5. Article ; Online: Explaining Neural Networks Using Attentive Knowledge Distillation.

    Lee, Hyeonseok / Kim, Sungchan

    Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

    2021  Volume 21, Issue 4

    Abstract: Explaining the prediction of deep neural networks makes the networks more understandable and trusted, leading to their use in various mission critical tasks. Recent progress in the learning capability of networks has primarily been due to the enormous ... ...

    Abstract Explaining the prediction of deep neural networks makes the networks more understandable and trusted, leading to their use in various mission critical tasks. Recent progress in the learning capability of networks has primarily been due to the enormous number of model parameters, so that it is usually hard to interpret their operations, as opposed to classical white-box models. For this purpose, generating saliency maps is a popular approach to identify the important input features used for the model prediction. Existing explanation methods typically only use the output of the last convolution layer of the model to generate a saliency map, lacking the information included in intermediate layers. Thus, the corresponding explanations are coarse and result in limited accuracy. Although the accuracy can be improved by iteratively developing a saliency map, this is too time-consuming and is thus impractical. To address these problems, we proposed a novel approach to explain the model prediction by developing an attentive surrogate network using the knowledge distillation. The surrogate network aims to generate a fine-grained saliency map corresponding to the model prediction using meaningful regional information presented over all network layers. Experiments demonstrated that the saliency maps are the result of spatially attentive features learned from the distillation. Thus, they are useful for fine-grained classification tasks. Moreover, the proposed method runs at the rate of 24.3 frames per second, which is much faster than the existing methods by orders of magnitude.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-02-11
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2052857-7
    ISSN 1424-8220 ; 1424-8220
    ISSN (online) 1424-8220
    ISSN 1424-8220
    DOI 10.3390/s21041280
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Improved time-varying reproduction numbers using the generation interval for COVID-19

    Tobhin Kim / Hyojung Lee / Sungchan Kim / Changhoon Kim / Hyunjin Son / Sunmi Lee

    Frontiers in Public Health, Vol

    2023  Volume 11

    Abstract: Estimating key epidemiological parameters, such as incubation period, serial interval (SI), generation interval (GI) and latent period, is essential to quantify the transmissibility and effects of various interventions of COVID-19. These key parameters ... ...

    Abstract Estimating key epidemiological parameters, such as incubation period, serial interval (SI), generation interval (GI) and latent period, is essential to quantify the transmissibility and effects of various interventions of COVID-19. These key parameters play a critical role in quantifying the basic reproduction number. With the hard work of epidemiological investigators in South Korea, estimating these key parameters has become possible based on infector-infectee surveillance data of COVID-19 between February 2020 and April 2021. Herein, the mean incubation period was estimated to be 4.9 days (95% CI: 4.2, 5.7) and the mean generation interval was estimated to be 4.3 days (95% CI: 4.2, 4.4). The mean serial interval was estimated to be 4.3, with a standard deviation of 4.2. It is also revealed that the proportion of presymptomatic transmission was ~57%, which indicates the potential risk of transmission before the disease onset. We compared the time-varying reproduction number based on GI and SI and found that the time-varying reproduction number based on GI may result in a larger estimation of Rt, which refers to the COVID-19 transmission potential around the rapid increase of cases. This highlights the importance of considering presymptomatic transmission and generation intervals when estimating the time-varying reproduction number.
    Keywords COVID-19 ; latent period ; generation interval ; incubation period ; serial interval ; presymptomatic transmission ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: Improved time-varying reproduction numbers using the generation interval for COVID-19.

    Kim, Tobhin / Lee, Hyojung / Kim, Sungchan / Kim, Changhoon / Son, Hyunjin / Lee, Sunmi

    Frontiers in public health

    2023  Volume 11, Page(s) 1185854

    Abstract: Estimating key epidemiological parameters, such as incubation period, serial interval (SI), generation interval (GI) and latent period, is essential to quantify the transmissibility and effects of various interventions of COVID-19. These key parameters ... ...

    Abstract Estimating key epidemiological parameters, such as incubation period, serial interval (SI), generation interval (GI) and latent period, is essential to quantify the transmissibility and effects of various interventions of COVID-19. These key parameters play a critical role in quantifying the basic reproduction number. With the hard work of epidemiological investigators in South Korea, estimating these key parameters has become possible based on infector-infectee surveillance data of COVID-19 between February 2020 and April 2021. Herein, the mean incubation period was estimated to be 4.9 days (95% CI: 4.2, 5.7) and the mean generation interval was estimated to be 4.3 days (95% CI: 4.2, 4.4). The mean serial interval was estimated to be 4.3, with a standard deviation of 4.2. It is also revealed that the proportion of presymptomatic transmission was ~57%, which indicates the potential risk of transmission before the disease onset. We compared the time-varying reproduction number based on GI and SI and found that the time-varying reproduction number based on GI may result in a larger estimation of
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Basic Reproduction Number ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Reproduction
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-30
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2711781-9
    ISSN 2296-2565 ; 2296-2565
    ISSN (online) 2296-2565
    ISSN 2296-2565
    DOI 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1185854
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  8. Article ; Online: Dimethyl Itaconate Reduces α-MSH-Induced Pigmentation via Modulation of AKT and p38 MAPK Signaling Pathways in B16F10 Mouse Melanoma Cells.

    Jang, Sungchan / Chi, Won-Jae / Kim, Seung-Young

    Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

    2022  Volume 27, Issue 13

    Abstract: Dimethyl itaconate (DMI) exhibits an anti-inflammatory effect. Activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is implicated in the inhibition of melanogenesis. Therefore, DMI and itaconic acid (ITA), classified as NRF2 activators, have ... ...

    Abstract Dimethyl itaconate (DMI) exhibits an anti-inflammatory effect. Activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is implicated in the inhibition of melanogenesis. Therefore, DMI and itaconic acid (ITA), classified as NRF2 activators, have potential uses in hyperpigmentation reduction. The activity of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element-binding protein (CREB), an important transcription factor for MITF gene promoter, is regulated by glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) and protein kinase A (PKA). Here, we investigated the inhibitory effect of ITA and DMI on alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-induced MITF expression and the modulatory role of protein kinase B (AKT) and GSK3β in melanogenesis in B16F10 mouse melanoma cells. These cells were incubated with α-MSH alone or in combination with ITA or DMI. Proteins were visualized and quantified using immunoblotting and densitometry. Compared to ITA, DMI treatment exhibited a better inhibitory effect on the α-MSH-induced expression of melanogenic proteins such as MITF. Our data indicate that DMI exerts its anti-melanogenic effect via modulation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and AKT signaling pathways. In conclusion, DMI may be an effective therapeutic agent for both inflammation and hyperpigmentation.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta/metabolism ; Hyperpigmentation/metabolism ; MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects ; Melanins/metabolism ; Melanoma, Experimental/drug therapy ; Melanoma, Experimental/metabolism ; Mice ; Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor/genetics ; Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor/metabolism ; Monophenol Monooxygenase/metabolism ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2/metabolism ; Pigmentation ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Succinates ; alpha-MSH/metabolism ; alpha-MSH/pharmacology ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Melanins ; Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2 ; Succinates ; dimethyl itaconate (11JIB0YI93) ; alpha-MSH (581-05-5) ; Monophenol Monooxygenase (EC 1.14.18.1) ; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta (EC 2.7.11.1) ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt (EC 2.7.11.1) ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (EC 2.7.11.24)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-06-29
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1413402-0
    ISSN 1420-3049 ; 1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
    ISSN (online) 1420-3049
    ISSN 1431-5165 ; 1420-3049
    DOI 10.3390/molecules27134183
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  9. Article: Erratum: The Protective Effect of

    Choi, Soo In / Kim, Nayoung / Nam, Ryoung Hee / Jang, Jae Young / Kim, Eun Hye / Ha, SungChan / Kang, Kisung / Lee, Wonseok / Choi, HyeLim / Kim, Yeon-Ran / Seok, Yeong-Jae / Shin, Cheol Min / Lee, Dong Ho

    Journal of cancer prevention

    2024  Volume 28, Issue 4, Page(s) 219

    Abstract: This corrects the article on p. 93 in vol. 28, PMID: 37830115.]. ...

    Abstract [This corrects the article on p. 93 in vol. 28, PMID: 37830115.].
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-05
    Publishing country Korea (South)
    Document type Published Erratum
    ZDB-ID 3019805-7
    ISSN 2288-3657 ; 2288-3649
    ISSN (online) 2288-3657
    ISSN 2288-3649
    DOI 10.15430/JCP.2023.28.4.219
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  10. Article: Sex Difference in the Effect of

    Choi, Soo In / Kim, Nayoung / Nam, Ryoung Hee / Jang, Jae Young / Kim, Eun Hye / Ha, SungChan / Kang, Kisung / Lee, Wonseok / Shin, Cheol Min / Lee, Dong Ho

    Journal of cancer prevention

    2024  Volume 29, Issue 1, Page(s) 16–23

    Abstract: Dysbiosis in gut microbiota is known to contribute to development of irritable bowel syndrome. We tried to investigate the effect ... ...

    Abstract Dysbiosis in gut microbiota is known to contribute to development of irritable bowel syndrome. We tried to investigate the effect of
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-29
    Publishing country Korea (South)
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3019805-7
    ISSN 2288-3657 ; 2288-3649
    ISSN (online) 2288-3657
    ISSN 2288-3649
    DOI 10.15430/JCP.23.042
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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