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Article ; Online: Review Canine Tuberculosis - An Emerging Concern.

Barker, Emi N / O'Halloran, Conor / Gunn-Moore, Danièlle A

Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)

2024 , Page(s) 106111

Abstract: Canine mycobacterial disease was first recognised over 100 years ago but is now an emerging concern. All reported cases of tuberculous disease in dogs have been caused by infection with one of three Mycobacterium tuberculosis-complex (MTBC) organisms (M. ...

Abstract	Canine mycobacterial disease was first recognised over 100 years ago but is now an emerging concern. All reported cases of tuberculous disease in dogs have been caused by infection with one of three Mycobacterium tuberculosis-complex (MTBC) organisms (M. tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis, and Mycobacterium microti). Molecular PCR and interferon-gamma release assays offer alternative or complementary diagnostic pathways to that of specialist culture, which is limited by availability, sensitivity, and the time it takes to get a result. Optimised triple antimicrobial protocols offer an excellent chance of a successful outcome in dogs where treatment can be considered and is attempted. In this review, the clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of canine tuberculosis are discussed.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	428614-5
ISSN	1532-2971 ; 0372-5545 ; 1090-0233
ISSN (online)	1532-2971
ISSN	0372-5545 ; 1090-0233
DOI	10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106111
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Article ; Online: Update on Feline Hemoplasmosis.

Barker, Emi N

The Veterinary clinics of North America. Small animal practice

2019 Volume 49, Issue 4, Page(s) 733–743

Abstract: The wall-less, hemotropic, mycoplasma species Mycoplasma haemofelis, "Candidatus Mycoplasma ... turicensis" and, to a lesser extent, "Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum" have the potential to induce ... of the infecting hemoplasma species enables appropriate antibiotics (eg, tetracycline; fluoroquinolone) to be ...

Abstract	"The wall-less, hemotropic, mycoplasma species Mycoplasma haemofelis, "Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis" and, to a lesser extent, "Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum" have the potential to induce clinical hemolytic anemia in infected cats. Prevalence varies markedly between infecting species, complicated by a chronic carrier state. Accurate and prompt confirmation of infection and identification of the infecting hemoplasma species enables appropriate antibiotics (eg, tetracycline; fluoroquinolone) to be prescribed. Although cats with hemoplasmosis respond rapidly to antibiosis and supportive care, initial monotherapy treatment rarely results in clearance of infection. A protocol now exists for the clearance of the most pathogenic feline hemoplasma M haemofelis."
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cat Diseases/microbiology ; Cats ; Mycoplasma/classification ; Mycoplasma Infections/microbiology ; Mycoplasma Infections/veterinary
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-04-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	757662-6
ISSN	1878-1306 ; 0195-5616
ISSN (online)	1878-1306
ISSN	0195-5616
DOI	10.1016/j.cvsm.2019.02.009
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Article ; Online: Canine tuberculosis: A review of 18 new and 565 previously reported confirmed cases.

O'Halloran, Conor / Barker, Emi N / Hope, Jayne C / Gunn-Moore, Danièlle A

Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)

2024 Volume 304, Page(s) 106089

Abstract: Cases of canine tuberculosis, a zoonotic infection of significant public health significance, are typically only sporadically reported in the literature. For this observational study, case details were collated both retrospectively and prospectively for ... ...

Abstract	Cases of canine tuberculosis, a zoonotic infection of significant public health significance, are typically only sporadically reported in the literature. For this observational study, case details were collated both retrospectively and prospectively for dogs infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis-complex (MTBC) organisms. A total of 18 previously unreported cases as well as 565 historically reported confirmed cases were reviewed. A variety of diagnostic techniques were used to make a confirmed diagnosis of tuberculosis (culture, interferon-gamma release assay [IGRA], and PCR). The reference standard for diagnosis is culture; however, this was negative or not attempted in some dogs. Where fully speciated, all cases were caused by infection with one of three MTBC organisms: M. tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis, or Mycobacterium microti. This study includes the first documented canine infections with M. microti in the UK. All cases were assigned to one of four clinical groups based on the presenting signs: 44.1% were primarily pulmonary, 14.5% were primarily abdominal, and the remainder were disseminated or miscellaneous. The development of adjunctive tests remains necessary to support early treatment decisions pending reporting of culture for MTBC organisms, which can take weeks to months. Definitive treatment, where attempted, was successful in most cases. Of the 13 dogs treated by the authors with triple combination antimicrobial therapy, a good clinical outcome was seen in 12 (92%) of them.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Dogs ; Retrospective Studies ; Tuberculosis/diagnosis ; Tuberculosis/drug therapy ; Tuberculosis/veterinary ; Mycobacterium bovis ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; Zoonoses ; Dog Diseases/diagnosis ; Dog Diseases/drug therapy ; Dog Diseases/microbiology ; Observational Studies as Topic ; Observational Studies, Veterinary as Topic
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-25
Publishing country	England
Document type	Review ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	428614-5
ISSN	1532-2971 ; 0372-5545 ; 1090-0233
ISSN (online)	1532-2971
ISSN	0372-5545 ; 1090-0233
DOI	10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106089
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Article ; Online: Effect of an antimicrobial stewardship intervention on the prescribing behaviours of companion animal veterinarians: A pre-post study.

Walker, Ben / Sánchez-Vizcaíno, Fernando / Barker, Emi N

The Veterinary record

2022 Volume 190, Issue 12, Page(s) e1485

Abstract: Background: Antimicrobial stewardship is a cornerstone of efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance. We evaluated the impact of a formal discussion of antimicrobial stewardship for dogs and cats on systemic antimicrobial prescribing behaviours among ... ...

Abstract	Background: Antimicrobial stewardship is a cornerstone of efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance. We evaluated the impact of a formal discussion of antimicrobial stewardship for dogs and cats on systemic antimicrobial prescribing behaviours among companion animal veterinarians. Methods: Electronic health records including information about the prescription of antimicrobials were collected from a multisite UK veterinary practice between 2017 and 2020. We undertook interrupted time series analysis using a quasi-Poisson model to compare the pre- and postintervention change in level and slope for multiple outcomes. Results: After the intervention, there were sustained reductions in the prescription rate of cefovecin to cats and metronidazole to dogs and increases in amoxicillin-clavulanic acid prescribing. There was no evidence for an immediate change in overall prescribing rates in either species, although rates increased over the 12 months after the intervention. There was a transient increase in the proportion of dogs who had their weight recorded at the time of prescription. Results suggest decreases in the prescription of off-licence antimicrobials in both species and the likelihood of underdosing in dogs. Conclusions: Discussion of antimicrobial stewardship is more likely to influence the antimicrobial choice than whether to prescribe or not. Interventions may benefit by focusing on appropriate antimicrobial selection rather than overall prescription frequency.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Anti-Infective Agents ; Antimicrobial Stewardship ; Cat Diseases/drug therapy ; Cats ; Dog Diseases/drug therapy ; Dogs ; Humans ; Pets ; Veterinarians
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Anti-Infective Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	390015-0
ISSN	2042-7670 ; 0042-4900
ISSN (online)	2042-7670
ISSN	0042-4900
DOI	10.1002/vetr.1485
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Article ; Online: Hepatic Gene Expression of Angiogenic and Regeneration Markers in Cats with Congenital Portosystemic Shunts (CPSS).

Tivers, Michael S / Mirczuk, Samantha M / Charlesworth, Abigail / Wood, Lauren / Barker, Emi N / Lipscomb, Victoria J / Fowkes, Robert C

Veterinary sciences

2024 Volume 11, Issue 3

Abstract: Congenital portosystemic shunts (CPSS) are vascular anomalies resulting in liver hypoplasia and hepatic insufficiency. Cats with CPSS typically show signs of hepatic encephalopathy associated with increased ammonia, inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative ... ...

Abstract	Congenital portosystemic shunts (CPSS) are vascular anomalies resulting in liver hypoplasia and hepatic insufficiency. Cats with CPSS typically show signs of hepatic encephalopathy associated with increased ammonia, inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress. Surgical attenuation of the CPSS results in improved liver function, resolution of clinical signs, and increased portal blood flow. Hepatic gene expression has not previously been investigated in cats with CPSS. Here, we compared the hepatic expression of genes involved in the urea cycle (
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-26
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2768971-2
ISSN	2306-7381 ; 2306-7381
ISSN (online)	2306-7381
ISSN	2306-7381
DOI	10.3390/vetsci11030100
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Article: Effect of an antimicrobial stewardship intervention on the prescribing behaviours of companion animal veterinarians: A pre–post study

Walker, Ben / Sánchez‐Vizcaíno, Fernando / Barker, Emi N.

Veterinary record. 2022 June, v. 190, no. 12

2022

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial stewardship is a cornerstone of efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance. We evaluated the impact of a formal discussion of antimicrobial stewardship for dogs and cats on systemic antimicrobial prescribing behaviours among ... ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial stewardship is a cornerstone of efforts to combat antimicrobial resistance. We evaluated the impact of a formal discussion of antimicrobial stewardship for dogs and cats on systemic antimicrobial prescribing behaviours among companion animal veterinarians. METHODS: Electronic health records including information about the prescription of antimicrobials were collected from a multisite UK veterinary practice between 2017 and 2020. We undertook interrupted time series analysis using a quasi‐Poisson model to compare the pre‐ and postintervention change in level and slope for multiple outcomes. RESULTS: After the intervention, there were sustained reductions in the prescription rate of cefovecin to cats and metronidazole to dogs and increases in amoxicillin‐clavulanic acid prescribing. There was no evidence for an immediate change in overall prescribing rates in either species, although rates increased over the 12 months after the intervention. There was a transient increase in the proportion of dogs who had their weight recorded at the time of prescription. Results suggest decreases in the prescription of off‐licence antimicrobials in both species and the likelihood of underdosing in dogs. CONCLUSIONS: Discussion of antimicrobial stewardship is more likely to influence the antimicrobial choice than whether to prescribe or not. Interventions may benefit by focusing on appropriate antimicrobial selection rather than overall prescription frequency.
Keywords	antibiotic resistance ; cefovecin ; metronidazole ; models ; pets ; telemedicine ; time series analysis ; veterinary clinics
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-06
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	390015-0
ISSN	2042-7670 ; 0042-4900
ISSN (online)	2042-7670
ISSN	0042-4900
DOI	10.1002/vetr.1485
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Article ; Online: Subarachnoid diverticulum associated with feline infectious peritonitis in a Siberian cat.

Hoey, Christopher / Nye, George / Fadda, Angela / Bradshaw, Janet / Barker, Emi N

JFMS open reports

2020 Volume 6, Issue 2, Page(s) 2055116920941477

Abstract: Case summary: A 7-month-old Siberian cat was presented for investigation of acute onset multifocal neurological deficits. Neurological examination documented dull mental status and an ambulatory left hemiparesis. Serum biochemistry documented marked ... ...

Abstract	Case summary: A 7-month-old Siberian cat was presented for investigation of acute onset multifocal neurological deficits. Neurological examination documented dull mental status and an ambulatory left hemiparesis. Serum biochemistry documented marked hyperglobulinaemia. MRI of the brain identified marked leptomeningeal contrast enhancement extending along the brainstem caudally to involve the cranial cervical spinal cord. MRI of the cervical spine further identified a subarachnoid diverticulum that extended from the level of the obex to the C2-C3 vertebrae. Cerebrospinal fluid quantitative RT-PCR was positive for the presence of feline coronavirus. Histopathology revealed pyogranulomatous meningitis and choroid plexitis, uveitis and nephritis. Relevance and novel information: This article describes the first reported case of a subarachnoid diverticulum associated with feline infectious peritonitis.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Case Reports
ZDB-ID	2822177-1
ISSN	2055-1169 ; 2055-1169
ISSN (online)	2055-1169
ISSN	2055-1169
DOI	10.1177/2055116920941477
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Article: Evaluation of Interferon-Gamma Polymorphisms as a Risk Factor in Feline Infectious Peritonitis Development in Non-Pedigree Cats-A Large Cohort Study.

Barker, Emi N / Lait, Philippa / Ressel, Lorenzo / Blackwell, Emily-Jayne / Tasker, Séverine / Kedward-Dixon, Helen / Kipar, Anja / Helps, Christopher R

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)

2020 Volume 9, Issue 7

Abstract: Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a common infectious cause of death in cats, with heritable host factors associated with altered risk of disease. To assess the role of feline interferon-gamma gene ( ...

Abstract	Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a common infectious cause of death in cats, with heritable host factors associated with altered risk of disease. To assess the role of feline interferon-gamma gene (
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-03
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2695572-6
ISSN	2076-0817
ISSN	2076-0817
DOI	10.3390/pathogens9070535
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Article: Evaluation of polymorphisms in inflammatory mediator and cellular adhesion genes as risk factors for feline infectious peritonitis

Kedward-Dixon, Helen / Barker, Emi N / Tasker, Séverine / Kipar, Anja / Helps, Christopher R

Journal of feline medicine and surgery. 2020 June, v. 22, no. 6

2020

Abstract: ... with a confirmed diagnosis (FIP, n = 22; non-FIP, n = 10) or clinically healthy cats over 11 years of age (n = 3 ... DNA was extracted from tissue (n = 32) or blood (n = 3) and PCR performed for regions of IFNG, TNFA ...

Abstract	Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a high mortality infectious disease. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genes encoding interferon gamma (IFNG), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFA) and dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN; CD209) have been associated with increased and decreased risk of developing FIP. This study was designed to determine whether these associations were present in a UK population of pedigree cats using samples from cats euthanased with a confirmed diagnosis (FIP, n = 22; non-FIP, n = 10) or clinically healthy cats over 11 years of age (n = 3). DNA was extracted from tissue (n = 32) or blood (n = 3) and PCR performed for regions of IFNG, TNFA and CD209. PCR amplicons were sequenced, each SNP genotype was determined, and genotype/allele frequency for each SNP and FIP status were compared. No significant association was found between the genotype and FIP status for any SNP analysed. There was a trend for the heterozygous CT genotype at both IFNG g.401 and IFNG g.408 to be associated with FIP (P = 0.13), but this genotype was also found in a substantial proportion of non-FIP cats. There was also a trend for the heterozygous CT genotype at IFNG g.428 to be associated with FIP (P = 0.06), although most cats with FIP had the CC genotype at this locus. No associations were found between any allele at TNFA g.-421, CD209 g.1900, CD209 g.2276, CD209 g.2392 and CD209 g.2713 and FIP. The use of the IFNG, TNFA and CD209 SNPs described to predict the risk of FIP cannot currently be recommended.
Keywords	DNA ; age ; alleles ; blood ; cats ; cell adhesion ; cell adhesion molecules ; feline infectious peritonitis ; gene frequency ; heterozygosity ; interferon-gamma ; loci ; medicine ; mortality ; pedigree ; population ; risk factors ; risk reduction ; sampling ; single nucleotide polymorphism ; surgery ; tumor necrosis factor-alpha
Language	English
Dates of publication	2020-06
Size	p. 564-570.
Publishing place	SAGE Publications
Document type	Article
Note	NAL-light
ZDB-ID	2049047-1
ISSN	1532-2750 ; 1098-612X
ISSN (online)	1532-2750
ISSN	1098-612X
DOI	10.1177/1098612X19865637
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Hyperplastic and fibrosing gastropathy resembling Ménétrier disease in a cat

Barker, Emi N / Holdsworth, Andrew S / Hibbert, Angie / Brown, Peter J / Hayward, Nicolette J

Journal of feline medicine and surgery open reports. 2019 July, v. 5, no. 2

2019

Abstract: A 3.5-year-old domestic shorthair cat presented with a 6 month history of weight loss and polyphagia. Clinical examination revealed a markedly reduced body condition score (2/9) and a quiet demeanour. Laboratory abnormalities comprised a mild non- ... ...

Abstract	A 3.5-year-old domestic shorthair cat presented with a 6 month history of weight loss and polyphagia. Clinical examination revealed a markedly reduced body condition score (2/9) and a quiet demeanour. Laboratory abnormalities comprised a mild non-regenerative anaemia, stress leukogram, hypoproteinaemia due to hypoalbuminaemia, azotaemia, hypokalaemia, total hypocalcaemia and sub-maximally concentrated urine (specific gravity 1.020). Abdominal ultrasonography revealed marked thickening of the gastric mucosa within the fundus, body and pylorus; the most dorsal portion of the fundus was spared. The thickened mucosa contained multiple small, anechoic cyst-like structures. The gastric submucosa, muscularis and serosa appeared normal. Histopathology, performed on a full-thickness gastric biopsy, revealed mucosal hypertrophy and markedly dilated gastric glands in areas; not all gastric glands were affected, with some appearing normal or atrophic. Focal interstitial fibrosis was present in some areas. The findings of hypoproteinaemia, gastric ultrasonographic changes and histopathology results share several similarities to those reported with Ménétrier disease. Ménétrier disease is a rare condition of the stomach in humans. A similar condition, giant hypertrophic gastritis (or Ménétrier-like disease), has also been described rarely in dogs. To our knowledge, Ménétrier-like disease has not been previously described cats. This case shares features of Ménétrier-like disease, raising the suspicion of a similar aetiopathogenesis.
Keywords	anemia ; biopsy ; body condition ; cats ; clinical examination ; dogs ; fibrosis ; gastric mucosa ; gastritis ; histopathology ; humans ; hypertrophy ; hypoalbuminemia ; hypocalcemia ; pylorus ; serosa ; specific gravity ; ultrasonography ; urine ; weight loss
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-07
Publishing place	SAGE Publications
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2822177-1
ISSN	2055-1169 ; 2055-1169
ISSN (online)	2055-1169
ISSN	2055-1169
DOI	10.1177/2055116919861248
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