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Book ; Thesis: Clostridium difficile infection and intestinal microbial ecology

Naaber, Paul

(Dissertationes medicinae Universitatis Tartuensis ; 29)

1997

Author's details	vorgelegt von Paul Naaber
Series title	Dissertationes medicinae Universitatis Tartuensis ; 29
Collection
Language	English
Size	145 S. : graph. Darst.
Publisher	Tartu Univ. Press
Publishing place	Tartu
Publishing country	Estonia
Document type	Book ; Thesis
Thesis / German Habilitation thesis	Tartu, Univ., Diss., 1997
Note	Zsfassung in estn. Sprache
HBZ-ID	HT009009840
ISBN	9985-56-245-3 ; 978-9985-56-245-1
Database	Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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Article ; Online: Seroprevalence and levels of IgG antibodies after COVID-19 infection or vaccination.

Soeorg, Hiie / Jõgi, Piia / Naaber, Paul / Ottas, Aigar / Toompere, Karolin / Lutsar, Irja

Infectious diseases (London, England)

2021 Volume 54, Issue 1, Page(s) 63–71

Abstract: Background: In a country-wide seroprevalence study of COVID-19 in Estonia, we aimed to determine the seroprevalence and the dynamics of IgG against SARS-CoV-2 after vaccination or positive PCR-test.: Methods: Leftover blood samples were selected ... ...

Abstract	Background: In a country-wide seroprevalence study of COVID-19 in Estonia, we aimed to determine the seroprevalence and the dynamics of IgG against SARS-CoV-2 after vaccination or positive PCR-test. Methods: Leftover blood samples were selected between 8 February and 25 March 2021, by SYNLAB Estonia from all counties and age groups (0-9, 10-19, 20-59, 60-69, 70-79 and 80-100 years) proportionally to the whole Estonian population and tested for IgG against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain (anti-S-RBD IgG) using Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant assay. Antibody levels after positive PCR-test or vaccination were described by exponential increase-decrease models. Results: According to total of 2517 samples, overall seroprevalence (95% confidence interval [CI]) was 20.1% (18.5-21.7%), similar in all age groups, but varied between counties. If individuals vaccinated with the first dose at least 14 d before antibody measurement were assumed to be seronegative, the overall seroprevalence was 15.8% (14.4-17.3%), 4.0-fold larger than the proportion of PCR-confirmed COVID-19 cases. Of seropositive individuals ( Conclusions: One year after the start of COVID-19 pandemic the actual prevalence of infection is still underestimated compared with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 cases. Older compared with younger individuals have lower anti-S-RBD IgG level after vaccination, but similar decline rate.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; COVID-19/immunology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Estonia ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G/blood ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Middle Aged ; Pandemics ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology ; Vaccination ; Young Adult
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Viral ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Immunoglobulin G ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2839775-7
ISSN	2374-4243 ; 2374-4235
ISSN (online)	2374-4243
ISSN	2374-4235
DOI	10.1080/23744235.2021.1974540
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Article ; Online: Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among pregnant women in Estonia: A call for epidemiological studies.

Veerus, Piret / Salumets, Andres / Naaber, Paul / Krjutškov, Kaarel / Tilk, Kadi / Laanpere, Made / Uusküla, Anneli

Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica

2020 Volume 99, Issue 12, Page(s) 1736–1737

MeSH term(s)	Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections ; Estonia/epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Seroepidemiologic Studies
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Comment
ZDB-ID	80019-3
ISSN	1600-0412 ; 0001-6349
ISSN (online)	1600-0412
ISSN	0001-6349
DOI	10.1111/aogs.13995
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Article ; Online: Age-specific and genotype-specific carcinogenic human papillomavirus prevalence in a country with a high cervical cancer burden: results of a cross-sectional study in Estonia.

Pärna, Kersti / Nygård, Mari / Tisler, Anna / Toompere, Karolin / Naaber, Paul / Ratnik, Kaspar / Ķīvīte Urtāne, Anda / Zodzika, Jana / Stankūnas, Mindaugas / Baltzer, Nicholas / Uusküla, Anneli

BMJ open

2023 Volume 13, Issue 6, Page(s) e069558

Abstract: Objectives: To describe age-specific and type-specific carcinogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence prior to large-scale effect of HPV vaccines in Estonia and to analyse the risk factors associated with carcinogenic HPV.: Design: Cross- ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: To describe age-specific and type-specific carcinogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence prior to large-scale effect of HPV vaccines in Estonia and to analyse the risk factors associated with carcinogenic HPV. Design: Cross-sectional study using self-administered questionnaire and self-collected vaginal swabs for detection of HPV infection. Setting: Estonian Biobank database. Participants: Stratified random sample of women aged 30-33, 57-60 and 67-70 years living in one of the three largest counties in Estonia. Of 3065 women approached, 1347 (43.9%) returned questionnaires and specimens for HPV DNA detection. Outcome measures: HPV prevalence and fully adjusted ORs with 95% CIs for risk factors. Results: HPV prevalence was highest among women aged 30-33 years (18.7%; 95% CI 15.8 to 21.9) followed by those aged 67-70 years (16.7%; 95% CI 12.4 to 22.0) and 57-60 years (10.2%; 95% CI 7.8 to 13.3). HPV16 and HPV56 were the most common among women aged 30-33 years (both 4.0%; 95% CI 2.7 to 5.9), and HPV68 was the most common among women aged 57-60 years (2.8%; 95% CI 1.5 to 4.7) and 67-70 years (6.4%; 95% CI 3.6 to 10.4). Vaccination with nonavalent vaccine would have halved the carcinogenic HPV prevalence among women aged 30-33 years. The odds of infection with carcinogenic HPV were higher among women with six or more sexual partners among younger (OR 2.99; 95% CI 1.54 to 5.81) and older (OR 3.80; 95% CI 1.25 to 11.55) women and lower (OR 0.35; 95% CI 0.17 to 0.72) among younger married women. Conclusions: This study demonstrated U-shaped age-specific genotype profile of carcinogenic HPV prevalence, indicating that public health providers should focus on developing exit strategies for the cervical cancer screening programme in Estonia with a possible extension of HPV testing beyond the current screening age of 65 years. Generalisability of the findings of this study may be affected by the low response rate.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Age Factors ; Carcinogens ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Estonia/epidemiology ; Genotype ; Human Papillomavirus Viruses ; Papillomaviridae/genetics ; Papillomavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Papillomavirus Vaccines ; Prevalence ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/epidemiology ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/prevention & control ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Aged
Chemical Substances	Carcinogens ; Papillomavirus Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2599832-8
ISSN	2044-6055 ; 2044-6055
ISSN (online)	2044-6055
ISSN	2044-6055
DOI	10.1136/bmjopen-2022-069558
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Antibody response after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination in relation to age, sex, and side effects

Naaber, Paul / Jurjenson, Virge / Adamson, Ainika / Sepp, Epp / Tserel, Liina / Kisand, Kai / Peterson, Part

medRxiv

Abstract: Background. The mRNA vaccines for SARS-CoV2 have proven highly effective and are currently used to vaccinate all age groups against COVID-19. Despite their high efficacy in clinical trials, there is limited data on the impact of age, sex, and side ... ...

Abstract	Background. The mRNA vaccines for SARS-CoV2 have proven highly effective and are currently used to vaccinate all age groups against COVID-19. Despite their high efficacy in clinical trials, there is limited data on the impact of age, sex, and side effects on vaccine-induced immune responses. Methods. We here studied the development of SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein RBD domain antibodies after two doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech Comirnaty mRNA vaccine in 118 healthy volunteers and correlated their immune response with age, sex, and side effects reported after the vaccinations. Findings. Our findings show a robust immune response to the Spike proteins RBD region after the first and the second vaccination dose. However, we also saw a decline of antibody levels at 6 weeks versus 1 week after the second dose, suggesting a waning of the immune response over time. Regardless of this, the antibody levels at 6 weeks after the second dose remained significantly higher than before the vaccination, after the first dose, or in COVID-19 convalescent individuals. We found a decreased vaccination efficacy but fewer adverse events in older individuals, and that mRNA vaccination is less efficient in older males whereas the detrimental impact of age on vaccination outcome is abolished in females at 6 weeks after the second dose. Interpretation. The Pfizer-BioNTech Comirnaty mRNA vaccine induces a strong immune response after two doses of vaccination but older individuals develop fewer side effects and decreased antibody levels at 6 weeks. The waning of anti-viral antibodies in particular in older male individuals suggests that both age and male sex act as risk factors in the immune response to the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine. Funding. The study was supported by the Centre of Excellence in Translational Genomics (EXCEGEN), and the Estonian Research Council grant PRG377 and SYNLAB Estonia.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-27
Publisher	Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
Document type	Article ; Online
DOI	10.1101/2021.04.19.21255714
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: Anti-spike protein receptor-binding domain IgG levels after COVID-19 infection or vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 in a seroprevalence study

Soeorg, Hiie / Jogi, Piia / Naaber, Paul / Ottas, Aigar / Toompere, Karolin / Lutsar, Irja

medRxiv

Abstract: Purpose. In a country-wide seroprevalence study of COVID-19 in Estonia we aimed to determine the seroprevalence and the dynamics of IgG against SARS-CoV-2 after vaccination or positive PCR-test. Methods. Leftover blood samples were selected between ... ...

Abstract	Purpose. In a country-wide seroprevalence study of COVID-19 in Estonia we aimed to determine the seroprevalence and the dynamics of IgG against SARS-CoV-2 after vaccination or positive PCR-test. Methods. Leftover blood samples were selected between February 8 to March 25, 2021, by SYNLAB Estonia from all counties and age groups (0-9, 10-19, 20-59, 60-69, 70-79, 80-100 years) proportionally to the whole Estonian population and tested for IgG against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain (anti-S-RBD IgG) using Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant assay. Antibody levels after positive PCR-test or vaccination were described by nonlinear model. Results. A total of 2517 samples were tested. Overall seroprevalence (95% CI) was 20.1% (18.5-21.7%), similar in all age groups. If all individuals vaccinated with the first dose at least 14 days before antibody measurement were assumed to be seronegative, the overall seroprevalence was 15.8% (14.4-17.3%), 4-fold larger than the proportion of confirmed COVID-19 cases. According to nonlinear models, age increased anti-S-RBD IgG production after positive PCR-test but decreased after vaccination. The peak of anti-S-RBD IgG in a 52-year-old (median age of PCR-positive and/or vaccinated individuals) was significantly higher after vaccination compared with positive PCR-test (22082 (12897-26875) vs 6732 (2321-8243) AU/mL), but half-life was similar (26.5 (6.9-46.1) vs 38.3 (8.2-68.5) days). Conclusion. One year after the start of COVID-19 pandemic the actual prevalence of infection is still underestimated compared with confirmed COVID-19 cases, underlining the importance of seroepidemiological studies. Older individuals have lower anti-S-RBD IgG level after vaccination, but similar decline rate to younger.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-07
Publisher	Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
Document type	Article ; Online
DOI	10.1101/2021.06.06.21258406
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: Age-specific and genotype-specific carcinogenic human papillomavirus prevalence in a country with a high cervical cancer burden

Mari Nygård / Kersti Pärna / Karolin Toompere / Anneli Uusküla / Jana Zodzika / Anna Tisler / Paul Naaber / Kaspar Ratnik / Anda Ķīvīte Urtāne / Mindaugas Stankūnas / Nicholas Baltzer

BMJ Open, Vol 13, Iss

results of a cross-sectional study in Estonia

2023 Volume 6

Abstract: Objectives To describe age-specific and type-specific carcinogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence prior to large-scale effect of HPV vaccines in Estonia and to analyse the risk factors associated with carcinogenic HPV.Design Cross-sectional study ... ...

Abstract	Objectives To describe age-specific and type-specific carcinogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence prior to large-scale effect of HPV vaccines in Estonia and to analyse the risk factors associated with carcinogenic HPV.Design Cross-sectional study using self-administered questionnaire and self-collected vaginal swabs for detection of HPV infection.Setting Estonian Biobank database.Participants Stratified random sample of women aged 30–33, 57–60 and 67–70 years living in one of the three largest counties in Estonia. Of 3065 women approached, 1347 (43.9%) returned questionnaires and specimens for HPV DNA detection.Outcome measures HPV prevalence and fully adjusted ORs with 95% CIs for risk factors.Results HPV prevalence was highest among women aged 30–33 years (18.7%; 95% CI 15.8 to 21.9) followed by those aged 67–70 years (16.7%; 95% CI 12.4 to 22.0) and 57–60 years (10.2%; 95% CI 7.8 to 13.3). HPV16 and HPV56 were the most common among women aged 30–33 years (both 4.0%; 95% CI 2.7 to 5.9), and HPV68 was the most common among women aged 57–60 years (2.8%; 95% CI 1.5 to 4.7) and 67–70 years (6.4%; 95% CI 3.6 to 10.4). Vaccination with nonavalent vaccine would have halved the carcinogenic HPV prevalence among women aged 30–33 years. The odds of infection with carcinogenic HPV were higher among women with six or more sexual partners among younger (OR 2.99; 95% CI 1.54 to 5.81) and older (OR 3.80; 95% CI 1.25 to 11.55) women and lower (OR 0.35; 95% CI 0.17 to 0.72) among younger married women.Conclusions This study demonstrated U-shaped age-specific genotype profile of carcinogenic HPV prevalence, indicating that public health providers should focus on developing exit strategies for the cervical cancer screening programme in Estonia with a possible extension of HPV testing beyond the current screening age of 65 years. Generalisability of the findings of this study may be affected by the low response rate.
Keywords	Medicine ; R
Subject code	300
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMJ Publishing Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Seroprevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies among pregnant women in Estonia

Veerus, Piret / Salumets, Andres / Naaber, Paul / Krjutškov, Kaarel / Tilk, Kadi / Laanpere, Made / Uusküla, Anneli

Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica ; ISSN 0001-6349 1600-0412

A call for epidemiological studies

2020

Keywords	Obstetrics and Gynaecology ; General Medicine ; covid19
Language	English
Publisher	Wiley
Publishing country	us
Document type	Article ; Online
DOI	10.1111/aogs.13995
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody response in PCR positive patients: Comparison of nine tests in relation to clinical data

Naaber, Paul Hunt Kaidi Pesukova Jaana Haljasmägi Liis Rumm Pauliina Peterson Pärt Hololejenko Jelena Eero Irina Jõgi Piia Toompere Karolin Epp Sepp

PLoS One

Abstract: SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests are available in various formats, detecting different viral target proteins and antibody subclasses The specificity and sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests are known to vary and very few studies have addressed the ... ...

Abstract	SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests are available in various formats, detecting different viral target proteins and antibody subclasses The specificity and sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 antibody tests are known to vary and very few studies have addressed the performance of these tests in COVID-19 patient groups at different time points We here compared the sensitivity and specificity of seven commercial (SNIBE, Epitope, Euroimmun, Roche, Abbott, DiaSorin, Biosensor) and two in-house LIPS assays (LIPS N and LIPS S-RBD) IgG/total Ab tests in serum samples from 97 COVID-19 patients and 100 controls, and correlated the results with the patients’ clinical data and the time-point the test was performed We found a remarkable variation in the sensitivity of antibody tests with the following performance: LIPS N (91 8%), Epitope (85 6%), Abbott and in-house LIPS S-RBD (both 84 5%), Roche (83 5%), Euroimmun (82 5%), DiaSorin (81 4%), SNIBE (70 1%), and Biosensor (64 9%) The overall agreement between the tests was between 71–95%, whereas the specificity of all tests was within 98–100% The correlation with patients’ clinical symptoms score ranged from strongest in LIPS N (ρ = 0 41;p<0 001) to nonsignificant in LIPS S-RBD Furthermore, the time of testing since symptom onset had an impact on the sensitivity of some tests Our study highlights the importance to consider clinical symptoms, time of testing, and using more than one viral antigen in SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing Our results suggest that some antibody tests are more sensitive for the detection of antibodies in early stage and asymptomatic patients, which may explain the contradictory results of previous studies and should be taken into consideration in clinical practice and epidemiological studies
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #892379
Database	COVID19

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Article ; Online: Rapid screening for variants of concern in routine SARS-CoV-2 PCR diagnostics

Naaber, Paul / Lahesaare, Andrio / Truu, Laura / Soojarv, Andres / Adamson, Ainika / Beljaev, Kaido / Aamisepp, Rainar / Ratnik, Kaspar

medRxiv

Abstract: The emerging spread of variants of concern (VOC) of SARS-CoV-2 has been noted in several countries worldwide during last months. VOCs associated with increased transmissibility and morality. Sequencing is the gold standard for investigation of variants, ... ...

Abstract	The emerging spread of variants of concern (VOC) of SARS-CoV-2 has been noted in several countries worldwide during last months. VOCs associated with increased transmissibility and morality. Sequencing is the gold standard for investigation of variants, however it is expensive and time-consuming. S-dropout routine monitoring in combination with VOC screening by RT-PCR is a useful tool for VOC surveillance.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-07
Publisher	Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press
Document type	Article ; Online
DOI	10.1101/2021.04.01.21254755
Database	COVID19

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