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Article ; Online: Awareness of Dementia Care Amongst the Staff Working at Day-care Centers and Nursing Homes in Macao.

Wong, Sio Mui / Zeng, Wen / Lo, Iek Long / Leong, Iek Hou / Lou, Hong Lei

American journal of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias

2024 Volume 39, Page(s) 15333175241237027

Abstract: Background: The staff working at day-care centers and nursing homes are in a key frontline for early detection of older people living with dementia, however, whether the staff were well prepared and if they were appropriately trained were still little ... ...

Abstract	Background: The staff working at day-care centers and nursing homes are in a key frontline for early detection of older people living with dementia, however, whether the staff were well prepared and if they were appropriately trained were still little known. Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted and the validated questionnaires exploring the awareness of dementia care, in terms of knowledge, attitude and preventive practice domain, were given to the staff working at day-care centers and nursing homes in Macao. Results: 272 samples were approached and scores of knowledge was 76.23 ± 19.62, attitude was 80.05 ± 8.92 and preventive practice was 75.59 ± 13.88, among which knowledge and preventive practice were positively related to attitude, and knowledge, attitude and preventive practice were negatively related to age. Health care assistants' knowledge were less than social workers, managers, health professionals and clerk. Attitude of health care assistants were less positive than social workers and health professionals. Discussion: Health care assistants and older staff had less knowledge and less positive attitude. Trainings to improve knowledge, attitude and preventive practice amongst health care assistants and older staff were recommended strongly.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Aged ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Macau ; Nursing Homes ; Health Personnel ; Dementia
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1283069-0
ISSN	1938-2731 ; 0895-5336 ; 1082-5207 ; 1533-3175
ISSN (online)	1938-2731
ISSN	0895-5336 ; 1082-5207 ; 1533-3175
DOI	10.1177/15333175241237027
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Article ; Online: Cohort Profile: The Dementia Registry in Macao.

Wong, Sio Mui / Zeng, Wen / Lo, Iek Long

American journal of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias

2022 Volume 37, Page(s) 15333175211067124

MeSH term(s)	Cohort Studies ; Dementia/epidemiology ; Humans ; Macau ; Registries
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1283069-0
ISSN	1938-2731 ; 0895-5336 ; 1082-5207 ; 1533-3175
ISSN (online)	1938-2731
ISSN	0895-5336 ; 1082-5207 ; 1533-3175
DOI	10.1177/15333175211067124
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Article ; Online: Development and Psychometric Evaluation of a Chinese Instrument of Knowledge, Attitude and Preventive Practice on Dementia Care in Macao.

Wong, Sio Mui / Zeng, Wen / Lo, Iek Long / Lam, Chong / Lou, Hong Lei

American journal of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias

2023 Volume 38, Page(s) 15333175221149358

Abstract: Background: Very few instruments to integrate knowledge, attitude and practice into dementia care as a holistic perspective were available to the Chinese.: Method: This article documented the development of a 30-item self-administered Chinese ... ...

Abstract	Background: Very few instruments to integrate knowledge, attitude and practice into dementia care as a holistic perspective were available to the Chinese. Method: This article documented the development of a 30-item self-administered Chinese instrument of knowledge, attitude and preventive practice on dementia care and reported the results of psychometric testing among 1500 Chinese in Macao Special Administrative Region (SAR), including 234 primary health professionals, 272 staff working at day-care centers and nursing homes, 586 high school students and 408 community-dwelling older people. The Chinese instrument was developed through literature review and committee review. The psychometric methods were used to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese instrument as measures of knowledge, attitude and preventive practice on dementia care for the Chinese. Results: The preliminary results indicated that the Content Validity Index of the Chinese instrument was .973 and Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the Chinese instrument was .842, among which Knowledge subscale, Attitude subscale and Preventive Practice subscale were .749, .633 and .845 respectively. The means and standard deviation were 65.13 ± 24.56 for Knowledge subscale, 74.76 ± 8.37 for Attitude subscale, 73.22 ± 14.05 for Preventative Practice subscale, and 70.99 ± 11.27 for the Chinese instrument. Conclusion: The 30-item self-administered Chinese instrument of knowledge, attitude and preventive practice on dementia care had satisfied the psychometric evaluation well enough to warrant further use, and could also have particular implications for other Chinese populations all over the world.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Aged ; Macau ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Psychometrics ; Reproducibility of Results ; East Asian People ; Dementia ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-01-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1283069-0
ISSN	1938-2731 ; 0895-5336 ; 1082-5207 ; 1533-3175
ISSN (online)	1938-2731
ISSN	0895-5336 ; 1082-5207 ; 1533-3175
DOI	10.1177/15333175221149358
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Re-positive of SARS-CoV-2 test is common in COVID-19 patients after hospital discharge. Data from high standard post-discharge quarantined patients in Macao SAR, China

Chi Leong Wong / Sao Kuan Lei / Chin Ion Lei / Iek Long Lo / Chong Lam / Iek Hou Leong

PeerJ, Vol 9, p e

2021 Volume 11170

Abstract: During the pandemic of COVID-19, Macau faces tremendous pressure because it is a famous gambling and tourism city with the world’s highest population density. The Macau government implemented decisive public health intervention to control the ... ...

Abstract	During the pandemic of COVID-19, Macau faces tremendous pressure because it is a famous gambling and tourism city with the world’s highest population density. The Macau government implemented decisive public health intervention to control the transmission of COVID-19, and there were only two independent outbreaks in Macau. In the second outbreak, all 35 cases were infected in foreign countries. They were quarantined in airborne infection isolation rooms for at least 14 days with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests after hospital discharge. Twelve (34.3%) of them had re-positive SARS-CoV-2 test results, and none of them presented any COVID-19 signs or symptoms during the entire quarantine period. In this study, the re-positive patients were more likely to be diagnosed in the early stage of the disease with a longer hospital stay. Virus re-infection is impossible in this high standard isolation setting, and reactivation is also unlikely, so that residual virus nucleic acid should be the possible reason for this phenomenon. Due to limited data about the risk of re-positive patients, it is better to quarantine patients after discharge for a prolonged period with repeat RT-PCR tests to minimize the community’s potential risk, particularly in the regions with relative plenty of resources and low community infection rate such as Macau.
Keywords	COVID-19 ; Discharge ; Quarantine ; Re-positive ; Macau ; RT-PCR detection ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	PeerJ Inc.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Effectiveness of personal protective health behaviour against COVID-19

Chon Fu Lio / Hou Hon Cheong / Chin Ion Lei / Iek Long Lo / Lan Yao / Chong Lam / Iek Hou Leong

BMC Public Health, Vol 21, Iss 1, Pp 1-

2021 Volume 10

Abstract: Abstract Background Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic, and over 80 million cases and over 1.8 million deaths were reported in 2020. This highly contagious virus is spread primarily via respiratory droplets from face-to-face ... ...

Abstract	Abstract Background Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic, and over 80 million cases and over 1.8 million deaths were reported in 2020. This highly contagious virus is spread primarily via respiratory droplets from face-to-face contact and contaminated surfaces as well as potential aerosol spread. Over half of transmissions occur from presymptomatic and asymptomatic carriers. Although several vaccines are currently available for emergency use, there are uncertainties regarding the duration of protection and the efficacy of preventing asymptomatic spread. Thus, personal protective health behaviour and measures against COVID-19 are still widely recommended after immunization. This study aimed to clarify the efficacy of these measures, and the results may provide valuable guidance to policymakers to educate the general public about how to reduce the individual-level risk of COVID-19 infection. Methods This case-control study enrolled 24 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients from Centro Hospitalar Conde de São Januário (C.H.C.S.J.), which was the only hospital designated to manage COVID-19 patients in Macao SAR, China, and 1113 control participants who completed a 14-day mandatory quarantine in 12 designated hotels due to returning from high-risk countries between 17 March and 15 April 2020. A questionnaire was developed to extract demographic information, contact history, and personal health behaviour. Results Participants primarily came from the United Kingdom (33.2%), followed by the United States (10.5%) and Portugal (10.2%). Independent factors for COVID-19 infection were having physical contact with confirmed/suspected COVID-19 patients (adjusted OR, 12.108 [95% CI, 3.380–43.376], P < 0.005), participating in high-risk gathering activities (adjusted OR, 1.129 [95% CI, 1.048–1.216], P < 0.005), handwashing after outdoor activity (adjusted OR, 0.021 [95% CI, 0.003–0.134], P < 0.005), handwashing before touching the mouth and nose area (adjusted OR, 0.303 [95% CI, 0.114–0.808], ...
Keywords	COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Prevention ; Measures ; Mask ; Handwashing ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	BMC
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Re-positive of SARS-CoV-2 test is common in COVID-19 patients after hospital discharge. Data from high standard post-discharge quarantined patients in Macao SAR, China.

Wong, Chi Leong / Lei, Sao Kuan / Lei, Chin Ion / Lo, Iek Long / Lam, Chong / Leong, Iek Hou

PeerJ

2021 Volume 9, Page(s) e11170

Abstract: During the pandemic of COVID-19, Macau faces tremendous pressure because it is a famous gambling and tourism city with the world's highest population density. The Macau government implemented decisive public health intervention to control the ... ...

Abstract	During the pandemic of COVID-19, Macau faces tremendous pressure because it is a famous gambling and tourism city with the world's highest population density. The Macau government implemented decisive public health intervention to control the transmission of COVID-19, and there were only two independent outbreaks in Macau. In the second outbreak, all 35 cases were infected in foreign countries. They were quarantined in airborne infection isolation rooms for at least 14 days with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests after hospital discharge. Twelve (34.3%) of them had re-positive SARS-CoV-2 test results, and none of them presented any COVID-19 signs or symptoms during the entire quarantine period. In this study, the re-positive patients were more likely to be diagnosed in the early stage of the disease with a longer hospital stay. Virus re-infection is impossible in this high standard isolation setting, and reactivation is also unlikely, so that residual virus nucleic acid should be the possible reason for this phenomenon. Due to limited data about the risk of re-positive patients, it is better to quarantine patients after discharge for a prolonged period with repeat RT-PCR tests to minimize the community's potential risk, particularly in the regions with relative plenty of resources and low community infection rate such as Macau.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2703241-3
ISSN	2167-8359
ISSN	2167-8359
DOI	10.7717/peerj.11170
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Effectiveness of personal protective health behaviour against COVID-19.

Lio, Chon Fu / Cheong, Hou Hon / Lei, Chin Ion / Lo, Iek Long / Yao, Lan / Lam, Chong / Leong, Iek Hou

BMC public health

2021 Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 827

Abstract: Background: Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic, and over 80 million cases and over 1.8 million deaths were reported in 2020. This highly contagious virus is spread primarily via respiratory droplets from face-to-face contact ...

Abstract	Background: Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a pandemic, and over 80 million cases and over 1.8 million deaths were reported in 2020. This highly contagious virus is spread primarily via respiratory droplets from face-to-face contact and contaminated surfaces as well as potential aerosol spread. Over half of transmissions occur from presymptomatic and asymptomatic carriers. Although several vaccines are currently available for emergency use, there are uncertainties regarding the duration of protection and the efficacy of preventing asymptomatic spread. Thus, personal protective health behaviour and measures against COVID-19 are still widely recommended after immunization. This study aimed to clarify the efficacy of these measures, and the results may provide valuable guidance to policymakers to educate the general public about how to reduce the individual-level risk of COVID-19 infection. Methods: This case-control study enrolled 24 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients from Centro Hospitalar Conde de São Januário (C.H.C.S.J.), which was the only hospital designated to manage COVID-19 patients in Macao SAR, China, and 1113 control participants who completed a 14-day mandatory quarantine in 12 designated hotels due to returning from high-risk countries between 17 March and 15 April 2020. A questionnaire was developed to extract demographic information, contact history, and personal health behaviour. Results: Participants primarily came from the United Kingdom (33.2%), followed by the United States (10.5%) and Portugal (10.2%). Independent factors for COVID-19 infection were having physical contact with confirmed/suspected COVID-19 patients (adjusted OR, 12.108 [95% CI, 3.380-43.376], P < 0.005), participating in high-risk gathering activities (adjusted OR, 1.129 [95% CI, 1.048-1.216], P < 0.005), handwashing after outdoor activity (adjusted OR, 0.021 [95% CI, 0.003-0.134], P < 0.005), handwashing before touching the mouth and nose area (adjusted OR, 0.303 [95% CI, 0.114-0.808], P < 0.05), and wearing a mask whenever outdoors (adjusted OR, 0.307 [95% CI, 0.109-0.867], P < 0.05). The daily count of handwashing remained similar between groups. Only 31.6% of participants had a sufficient 20-s handwashing duration. Conclusions: Participating in high-risk gatherings, wearing a mask whenever outdoors, and practising hand hygiene at key times should be advocated to the public to mitigate COVID-19 infection.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19 ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Macau ; Portugal ; SARS-CoV-2 ; United Kingdom ; United States
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-29
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	1471-2458
ISSN (online)	1471-2458
DOI	10.1186/s12889-021-10680-5
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Macao Dementia Policy: Challenges and prospects (innovative practice).

Iek Long, Lo / Wen, Zeng / Chin Ion, Lei / Chong, Lam / Hong Lei, Lou

Dementia (London, England)

2019 Volume 20, Issue 2, Page(s) 791–795

Abstract: This paper highlights the challenges and prospects of older people with dementia in Macao. Macao Dementia Policy was launched in 2016 as the 27th globally, aligned with World Health Organization Global Action Plan on the Public Health Response to ... ...

Abstract	This paper highlights the challenges and prospects of older people with dementia in Macao. Macao Dementia Policy was launched in 2016 as the 27th globally, aligned with World Health Organization Global Action Plan on the Public Health Response to Dementia 2017-2025, includes a 10-year strategic framework to establish dementia friendly communities across the region. Dementia Working Group, cognitive assessment network in Health Centers, Dementia Medical Center, and Dementia Support Center were established subsequently. These initiatives manifest that Macao Government has taken great strides to improve waiting times, diagnosis rates, integrated care, and dementia friendliness through a seamless dementia service network.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Dementia/therapy ; Humans ; Macau ; Policy ; Public Health
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-11-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2084045-7
ISSN	1741-2684 ; 1471-3012
ISSN (online)	1741-2684
ISSN	1471-3012
DOI	10.1177/1471301219887612
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Article ; Online: The common personal behavior and preventive measures among 42 uninfected travelers from the Hubei province, China during COVID-19 outbreak

Chon Fu Lio / Hou Hon Cheong / Chin Ion Lei / Iek Long Lo / Lan Yao / Chong Lam / Iek Hou Leong

PeerJ, Vol 8, p e

a cross-sectional survey in Macao SAR, China

2020 Volume 9428

Abstract: Background The novel coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) caused over 1.7 million confirmed cases and cumulative mortality up to over 110,000 deaths worldwide as of 14 April 2020. A total of 57 Macao citizens were obligated to stay in Hubei province, ... ...

Abstract	Background The novel coronavirus diseases 2019 (COVID-19) caused over 1.7 million confirmed cases and cumulative mortality up to over 110,000 deaths worldwide as of 14 April 2020. A total of 57 Macao citizens were obligated to stay in Hubei province, China, where the highest COVID-19 prevalence was noted in the country and a “lockdown” policy was implemented for outbreak control for more than one month. They were escorted from Wuhan City to Macao via a chartered airplane organized by Macao SAR government and received quarantine for 14 days with none of the individual being diagnosed with COVID-19 by serial RNA tests from the nasopharyngeal specimens and sera antibodies. It was crucial to identify common characteristics among these 57 uninfected individuals. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted to extract information such as behavior, change of habits and preventive measures. Results A total of 42 effective questionnaires were analyzed after exclusion of 14 infants and children with age under fifteen as ineligible for the survey and missing of one questionnaire, with a response rate of 97.7% (42 out of 43). The proportion of female composed more than 70% of this group of returners. The main reason for visiting Hubei in 88.1% of respondents was to visit relatives. Over 88% of respondents did not participate in high-risk activities due to mobility restriction. All (100%) denied contact with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 cases. Comparison of personal hygiene habits before and during disease outbreak showed a significant increase in practice including wearing a mask when outdoor (16.7% and 95.2%, P < 0.001) and often wash hands with soap or liquid soap (85.7% and 100%, P = 0.031).
Keywords	COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Mask ; Lockdown ; Handwashing ; Mandatory quarantine ; Medicine ; R ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	950
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	PeerJ Inc.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Minimizing the risk of community spread of COVID-19

Lio, Chon Fu / Cheong, Hou Hon / Lei, Chin Ion / Lo, Iek Long / Lam, Chong / Leong, Iek Hou

World journal of clinical cases

2020 Volume 8, Issue 13, Page(s) 2674–2678

Abstract: Macao, a special administrative region (SAR) of the People's Republic of China, is located in southern China and shares the border with mainland China. It is the most densely populated region in the world, with a population of 667400 and a total land ... ...

Abstract	Macao, a special administrative region (SAR) of the People's Republic of China, is located in southern China and shares the border with mainland China. It is the most densely populated region in the world, with a population of 667400 and a total land area of 32.9 square kilometers in 2019. Since the first case diagnosed on January 22, 2020, there was a total of 45 laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases in Macao, of which 43 patients (96%) were imported cases. To date, all patients had been discharged successfully from Centro Hospitalar Conde de São Januário, a designated hospital to manage all COVID-19 patients in Macao. Eventually, no patient died, and no local community outbreak was noted. This opinion review describes the underlying factors that could have contributed to the successful experience in Macao SAR, China, which include the following: (1) Early implementation of containment measures; (2) Large-scale quarantine using hotel rooms to reduce the risk of a local outbreak; and (3) Multidisciplinary co-operation and transparency of information to the public. Although the successful experience in Macao SAR, China, may not be generalized to other regions, it should not be unreasonable to be well prepared with sufficient logistic support to conduct timely containment and early detection of episodic cases to prevent the backsliding of COVID-19 outbreak.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ISSN	2307-8960
ISSN	2307-8960
DOI	10.12998/wjcc.v8.i13.2674
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