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Article ; Online: Reply to: "Population-based screening works: Effect of integrating screening for hepatitis B and C into the general health check-up in Germany".

Thompson, L Alexa / Charlton, Carmen L

2024 Volume 80, Issue 4, Page(s) e176–e177

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Hepatitis B/diagnosis ; Hepatitis B/epidemiology ; Germany/epidemiology ; Health Status ; Mass Screening
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-04
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	605953-3
ISSN	1600-0641 ; 0168-8278
ISSN (online)	1600-0641
ISSN	0168-8278
DOI	10.1016/j.jhep.2023.12.025
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Article ; Online: Prevalence of syphilis coinfection in hepatitis C virus positive prenatal patients from Alberta during a pilot routine screening program.

Thompson, L Alexa / Plitt, Sabrina S / Gratrix, Jennifer / Charlton, Carmen L

Canadian liver journal

2023 Volume 6, Issue 1, Page(s) 70–75

Abstract: BACKGROUND: ...

Abstract	BACKGROUND:
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-28
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2561-4444
ISSN (online)	2561-4444
DOI	10.3138/canlivj-2022-0017
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: HCV reflex testing: A single-sample, low-contamination method that improves the diagnostic efficiency of HCV testing among patients in Alberta, Canada.

Thompson, L Alexa / Fenton, Jayne / Charlton, Carmen L

Journal of the Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Canada = Journal officiel de l'Association pour la microbiologie medicale et l'infectiologie Canada

2022 Volume 7, Issue 2, Page(s) 97–107

Abstract: Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) can be cured with antiviral treatments. Diagnosis normally requires two blood samples, one for serology screening and one for molecular confirmation. This multi-step process creates barriers in patient care and ... ...

Abstract	Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) can be cured with antiviral treatments. Diagnosis normally requires two blood samples, one for serology screening and one for molecular confirmation. This multi-step process creates barriers in patient care and decreases testing for hard-to-reach populations. We used the cobas® 6800 to detect HCV RNA after antibody testing to investigate whether a single-sample reflex testing method is effective and efficient for diagnosing HCV-positive patients. Methods: HCV RNA-positive clinical samples ( Results: Contamination was present in 5 of 152 pairs (3.29%) after reflex testing. Sensitivity and specificity were 99.3% (95% CI 95.1% to 99.9%) and 100% (95% CI 97.5% to 100%), respectively, using the cobas 6800 assay after serotesting. Approximately 97% of clinical patients received a conclusive test result with the reflex-testing algorithm. For HCV-positive patients, mean diagnostic turnaround times were significantly lower using reflex testing versus the two-sample method (4 versus 39 days; Conclusions: HCV reflex testing demonstrated low levels of contamination without compromising the integrity of the molecular assay. Implementation in clinical laboratories would increase the efficiency of diagnosis and decrease steps in the continuum of care for patients.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-06-03
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2371-0888
ISSN (online)	2371-0888
DOI	10.3138/jammi-2021-0028
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Article ; Online: Faradaic Impedimetric Immunosensor for Label-Free Point-of-Care Detection of COVID-19 Antibodies Using Gold-Interdigitated Electrode Array.

Shoute, Lian C T / Charlton, Carmen L / Kanji, Jamil N / Babiuk, Shawn / Babiuk, Lorne / Chen, Jie

Biosensors

2023 Volume 14, Issue 1

Abstract: Label-free electrochemical biosensors have many desirable characteristics in terms of miniaturization, scalability, digitization, and other attributes associated with point-of-care (POC) applications. In the era of COVID-19 and pandemic preparedness, ... ...

Abstract	Label-free electrochemical biosensors have many desirable characteristics in terms of miniaturization, scalability, digitization, and other attributes associated with point-of-care (POC) applications. In the era of COVID-19 and pandemic preparedness, further development of such biosensors will be immensely beneficial for rapid testing and disease management. Label-free electrochemical biosensors often employ [Fe(CN)
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Biosensing Techniques ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; Immunoassay ; Point-of-Care Systems ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Electrodes ; Gold ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
Chemical Substances	spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Gold (7440-57-5) ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-22
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2662125-3
ISSN	2079-6374 ; 2079-6374
ISSN (online)	2079-6374
ISSN	2079-6374
DOI	10.3390/bios14010006
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Article ; Online: What's in a number? The value of titers as routine proof of immunity for medical students.

Charlton, Carmen L / Bailey, Ashley-Nicole M / Thompson, L Alexa / Kanji, Jamil N / Marshall, Natalie C

Vaccine

2023 Volume 41, Issue 17, Page(s) 2734–2738

Abstract: Objectives: To assess the guideline concordance of medical school requirements for students' proof-of-immunity in the United States (US) and Canada.: Methods: National guidelines for healthcare worker proof-of-immunity to measles, mumps, rubella, and ...

Abstract	Objectives: To assess the guideline concordance of medical school requirements for students' proof-of-immunity in the United States (US) and Canada. Methods: National guidelines for healthcare worker proof-of-immunity to measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella were compared to admission requirements for 62 US and 17 Canadian medical schools. Results: All surveyed schools accepted at least one recommended form of proof-of-immunity, however, contrary to national guidelines, 16% of surveyed US schools asked for a serologic titer, and only 73-79% US schools accepted vaccination as the sole proof-of-immunity. Conclusions: The requirement of numerical, non-standardized serologic testing highlights an oversight in medical school admissions documentation. The requirement for quantitative values to demonstrate immunity is not practical from a laboratory standpoint, and is not needed to show individual immunity to these vaccine-preventable diseases. Until a more standardized process is adopted, laboratories will need to provide clear documentation and direction for quantitative titer requests.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; United States ; Students, Medical ; Canada ; Measles/prevention & control ; Rubella/prevention & control ; Chickenpox/prevention & control ; Chickenpox Vaccine ; Vaccination ; Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine ; Mumps ; Schools, Medical ; Antibodies, Viral
Chemical Substances	Chickenpox Vaccine ; Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine ; Antibodies, Viral
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-21
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	605674-x
ISSN	1873-2518 ; 0264-410X
ISSN (online)	1873-2518
ISSN	0264-410X
DOI	10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.03.009
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Zs.A 1930: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MO 458: Show issues

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Article: A low-cost initiative to reduce duplicate hepatitis B virus serological testing.

Passi, Amrit / Plitt, Sabrina S / Charlton, Carmen L

Practical laboratory medicine

2021 Volume 24, Page(s) e00205

Abstract: Background: Currently, multiple clinical laboratories provide serological testing for hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Alberta, Canada. Concerns were raised regarding single serology specimens having duplicate testing performed during the specimen referral ... ...

Abstract	Background: Currently, multiple clinical laboratories provide serological testing for hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Alberta, Canada. Concerns were raised regarding single serology specimens having duplicate testing performed during the specimen referral process from one laboratory to another. In an attempt to reduce duplicate testing for anti-HBs and HBsAg markers, we implemented a stamp on paper requisitions to identify if testing had already been performed on referred specimens. We aimed to determine the number of duplicate tests and cost of duplicate testing pre- and post-stamp implementation. Study design: The requisition stamp was implemented between May and August 2016. HBV serology testing results from two clinical laboratories between January 01, 2015 and December 31, 2017 (n = 803,637) were examined. The number of tests performed on the same individual within a 3-day window was identified and the associated costs were determined. Results: After stamp implementation, duplicated HBsAg and anti-HBs tests decreased from 20.8% (n = 28,545) and 18.4% (n = 20,151) to 3.7% (n = 4,604) and 2.5% (n = 2,593), respectively. This represented an estimated annual savings of $86,427 and $82,522 CAD in supply costs for HBsAg and anti-HBs tests, respectively. Conclusions: The requisition stamp initiative was effective in reducing the number of duplicate tests performed between two laboratory sites. This low-cost intervention could be applied to other testing situations, including other highly duplicated serological markers, which may have broad reaching cost-saving effects for laboratory testing.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-19
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2834973-8
ISSN	2352-5517
ISSN	2352-5517
DOI	10.1016/j.plabm.2021.e00205
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Article ; Online: What’s in a number? The value of titers as routine proof of immunity for medical students

Charlton, Carmen L. / Bailey, Ashley-Nicole M. / Thompson, L. Alexa / Kanji, Jamil N. / Marshall, Natalie C.

Elsevier Ltd Vaccine. 2023 Apr., v. 41, no. 17 p.2734-2738

2023

Abstract: To assess the guideline concordance of medical school requirements for students’ proof-of-immunity in the United States (US) and Canada. National guidelines for healthcare worker proof-of-immunity to measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella were compared ... ...

Abstract	To assess the guideline concordance of medical school requirements for students’ proof-of-immunity in the United States (US) and Canada. National guidelines for healthcare worker proof-of-immunity to measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella were compared to admission requirements for 62 US and 17 Canadian medical schools. All surveyed schools accepted at least one recommended form of proof-of-immunity, however, contrary to national guidelines, 16% of surveyed US schools asked for a serologic titer, and only 73–79% US schools accepted vaccination as the sole proof-of-immunity. The requirement of numerical, non-standardized serologic testing highlights an oversight in medical school admissions documentation. The requirement for quantitative values to demonstrate immunity is not practical from a laboratory standpoint, and is not needed to show individual immunity to these vaccine-preventable diseases. Until a more standardized process is adopted, laboratories will need to provide clear documentation and direction for quantitative titer requests.
Keywords	chickenpox ; guidelines ; health care workers ; immunity ; measles ; vaccination ; vaccines ; Canada ; MMRV ; Proof-of-immunity ; Rubella ; Varicella ; Mumps
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-04
Size	p. 2734-2738.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
ZDB-ID	605674-x
ISSN	1873-2518 ; 0264-410X
ISSN (online)	1873-2518
ISSN	0264-410X
DOI	10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.03.009
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Zs.A 1930: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (1.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MO 458: Show issues

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Article ; Online: A low-cost initiative to reduce duplicate hepatitis B virus serological testing

Amrit Passi / Sabrina S. Plitt / Carmen L. Charlton

Practical Laboratory Medicine, Vol 24, Iss , Pp e00205- (2021)

2021

Abstract	Background: Currently, multiple clinical laboratories provide serological testing for hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Alberta, Canada. Concerns were raised regarding single serology specimens having duplicate testing performed during the specimen referral process from one laboratory to another. In an attempt to reduce duplicate testing for anti-HBs and HBsAg markers, we implemented a stamp on paper requisitions to identify if testing had already been performed on referred specimens. We aimed to determine the number of duplicate tests and cost of duplicate testing pre- and post-stamp implementation. Study design: The requisition stamp was implemented between May and August 2016. HBV serology testing results from two clinical laboratories between January 01, 2015 and December 31, 2017 (n = 803,637) were examined. The number of tests performed on the same individual within a 3-day window was identified and the associated costs were determined. Results: After stamp implementation, duplicated HBsAg and anti-HBs tests decreased from 20.8% (n = 28,545) and 18.4% (n = 20,151) to 3.7% (n = 4,604) and 2.5% (n = 2,593), respectively. This represented an estimated annual savings of $86,427 and $82,522 CAD in supply costs for HBsAg and anti-HBs tests, respectively. Conclusions: The requisition stamp initiative was effective in reducing the number of duplicate tests performed between two laboratory sites. This low-cost intervention could be applied to other testing situations, including other highly duplicated serological markers, which may have broad reaching cost-saving effects for laboratory testing.
Keywords	Serological tests ; Hepatitis B virus ; Cost control ; Medicine (General) ; R5-920 ; Chemistry ; QD1-999
Subject code	690
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-03-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Evaluation and comparison of risk-based and universal prenatal HCV screening programs in Alberta, Canada.

Thompson, L Alexa / Plitt, Sabrina S / Doucette, Karen / Coffin, Carla S / Klein, Kristin B / Robinson, Joan L / Charlton, Carmen L

Journal of hepatology

2023 Volume 79, Issue 5, Page(s) 1121–1128

Abstract: Background & aims: Canadian clinical practice guidelines currently recommend risk-based screening for HCV in pregnant individuals. However, no provinces or territories have ever compared the effectiveness of risk-based vs. universal screening for the ... ...

Abstract	Background & aims: Canadian clinical practice guidelines currently recommend risk-based screening for HCV in pregnant individuals. However, no provinces or territories have ever compared the effectiveness of risk-based vs. universal screening for the prenatal diagnosis of HCV. We aimed to evaluate and compare HCV screening programs after implementing a universal population-level pilot program among prenatal patients in Alberta, Canada. Methods: The Alberta Prenatal Screening Program for Select Communicable Diseases was amended to include universal HCV antibody screening. Cohorts of pregnant individuals screened for HCV through risk-based or universal programs were generated over 1-year periods. HCV screening rates and prevalence were analyzed and compared between cohorts to evaluate the effectiveness of screening methods. Social and demographic risk factors for HCV-positive individuals were compared between screening cohorts to identify which populations may be overlooked with risk-based guidelines. Results: HCV antibody screening rates were 11.9% and 99.9% among pregnant individuals in the risk-based and universal cohorts, respectively. HCV prevalence among the cohorts was 0.07% and 0.11% (difference = 0.04%, p = 0.032), with an average of 21 additional HCV-positive pregnant individuals identified annually with universal screening. HCV-positive pregnant patients diagnosed through universal screening were more likely to engage in high-risk sexual behaviours/sex work compared to those diagnosed through risk-based screening (47.6% vs. 12.5%, respectively p = 0.035), suggesting that these high-risk cases are being missed by risk-based screening. Conclusions: Universal HCV screening diagnoses significantly higher numbers of pregnant individuals infected with HCV compared to risk-based screening. Universal HCV screening or amending risk-based guidelines to incorporate more proxy variables for risk factors should be considered to improve prenatal HCV screening guidelines in Canada and help achieve HCV elimination in the next decade. Impact and implications: HCV is a bloodborne pathogen that can cause severe liver disease and be vertically transmitted from a mother to her baby during pregnancy. Pregnant individuals in Alberta are currently only tested for HCV if they disclose engaging in activities that put them at risk of acquiring the infection (risk-based screening). Using a population-wide universal prenatal HCV screening program, our work shows that testing based on patient disclosed risk alone leads to the significant underdiagnosis of HCV in pregnant individuals and suggests individuals engaging in sex work or risky sexual behaviours are being overlooked by the current risk-based program. Our outcomes represent the first province-wide study to evaluate and compare prenatal HCV risk-based and universal screening programs in Canada and provide evidence to support the update of prenatal HCV screening policies across the country and in similar jurisdictions.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-20
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	605953-3
ISSN	1600-0641 ; 0168-8278
ISSN (online)	1600-0641
ISSN	0168-8278
DOI	10.1016/j.jhep.2023.05.044
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Article ; Online: Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody quantitative titer reporting using the World Health Organization International Standard Units by four commercial assays.

Zhuo, Ran / Charlton, Carmen / Plitt, Sabrina / Thompson, L Alexa / Braun, Sheila / Day, Jacqueline / Osiowy, Carla / Tipples, Graham / Kanji, Jamil N

Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology

2022 Volume 156, Page(s) 105292

Abstract: The accurate measurement of serological response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is needed to correlate responses with effective protective immunity. The World Health Organization (WHO) has created an international standard to allow harmonization of immune ... ...

Abstract	The accurate measurement of serological response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is needed to correlate responses with effective protective immunity. The World Health Organization (WHO) has created an international standard to allow harmonization of immune response assessment to an arbitrary unit across different commercial assays; however, the accuracy of reporting of SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody titers in international standard units (BAU or IU/mL) from commercial assays is not well studied. Here, we report the performance comparison of four quantitative commercial assays testing for SARS-CoV-2 spike immunoglobins using the WHO's international standard. Sera, EDTA-plasma and heparinized plasma collected from individuals who are vaccine naïve or received BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech), mRNA-1273 (Moderna) or ChAdOx1-S (Oxford-AstraZeneca) were tested using Abbott Architect AdviseDx SARS-CoV-2 IgG II, DiaSorin LIAISON SARS-CoV-2 TrimericS IgG, Roche Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S and GenScript cPass SARS-CoV-2 surrogate virus neutralization assays. The sensitivities ranged from 90% to 100%, and specificities from 88% to 100%. These four assays had excellent agreement (0.79-0.93) and correlation (0.87-0.97); however, Passing-Bablok regression analysis indicated that data generated by these assays were not comparable. Our data suggests that natural SARS-CoV-2 infection elicited a greater antibody response compared to vaccines, evident by a significantly higher neutralizing antibody titer in unvaccinated individuals who seroconverted.
MeSH term(s)	Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Antibodies, Viral ; BNT162 Vaccine ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Edetic Acid ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; World Health Organization
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Antibodies, Viral ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Immunoglobulin G ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 ; Edetic Acid (9G34HU7RV0) ; BNT162 Vaccine (N38TVC63NU)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-06
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1446080-4
ISSN	1873-5967 ; 1386-6532
ISSN (online)	1873-5967
ISSN	1386-6532
DOI	10.1016/j.jcv.2022.105292
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