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Article ; Online: Decatastrophizing research irreproducibility.

Jarvis, Michael F

2024 , Page(s) 116090

Abstract: The reported inability to replicate research findings from the published literature precipitated extensive efforts to identify and correct perceived deficiencies in the execution and reporting of biomedical research. Despite these efforts, quantification ...

Abstract	The reported inability to replicate research findings from the published literature precipitated extensive efforts to identify and correct perceived deficiencies in the execution and reporting of biomedical research. Despite these efforts, quantification of the magnitude of irreproducible research or the effectiveness of associated remediation initiatives, across diverse biomedical disciplines, has made little progress over the last decade. The idea that science is self-correcting has been further challenged in recent years by the proliferation of unverified or fraudulent scientific content generated by predatory journals, paper mills, pre-print server postings, and the inappropriate use of artificial intelligence technologies. The degree to which the field of pharmacology has been negatively impacted by these evolving pressures is unknown. Regardless of these ambiguities, pharmacology societies and their associated journals have championed best practices to enhance the experimental rigor and reporting of pharmacological research. The value of transparent and independent validation of raw data generation and its analysis in basic and clinical research is exemplified by the discovery, development, and approval of Highly Effective Modulator Therapy (HEMT) for Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patients. This provides a didactic counterpoint to concerns regarding the current state of biomedical research. Key features of this important therapeutic advance include objective construction of basic and translational research hypotheses, associated experimental designs, and validation of experimental effect sizes with quantitative alignment to meaningful clinical endpoints with input from the FDA, which enhanced scientific rigor and transparency with real world deliverables for patients in need.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	208787-x
ISSN	1873-2968 ; 0006-2952
ISSN (online)	1873-2968
ISSN	0006-2952
DOI	10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116090
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Article ; Online: Forces on and in the cell walls of living plants.

Jarvis, Michael C

Plant physiology

2023 Volume 194, Issue 1, Page(s) 8–14

Abstract: Environmental influences and differential growth subject plants to mechanical forces. Forces on the whole plant resolve into tensile forces on its primary cell walls and both tensile and compression forces on the secondary cell wall layers of woody ... ...

Abstract	Environmental influences and differential growth subject plants to mechanical forces. Forces on the whole plant resolve into tensile forces on its primary cell walls and both tensile and compression forces on the secondary cell wall layers of woody tissues. Forces on cell walls are further resolved into forces on cellulose microfibrils and the noncellulosic polymers between them. Many external forces on plants oscillate, with time constants that vary from seconds to milliseconds. Sound waves are a high-frequency example. Forces on the cell wall lead to responses that direct the oriented deposition of cellulose microfibrils and the patterned expansion of the cell wall, leading to complex cell and tissue morphology. Recent experiments have established many of the details of which cell wall polymers associate with one another in both primary and secondary cell walls, but questions remain about which of the interconnections are load bearing, especially in primary cell walls. Direct cellulose-cellulose interactions appear to have a more important mechanical role than was previously thought, and some of the noncellulosic polymers may have a role in keeping microfibrils apart rather than cross-linking them as formerly envisaged.
MeSH term(s)	Cellulose ; Plants ; Cell Wall ; Microfibrils
Chemical Substances	Cellulose (9004-34-6)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	208914-2
ISSN	1532-2548 ; 0032-0889
ISSN (online)	1532-2548
ISSN	0032-0889
DOI	10.1093/plphys/kiad387
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Article ; Online: Hydrogen bonding and other non-covalent interactions at the surfaces of cellulose microfibrils

Jarvis, Michael C.

Cellulose. 2023 Jan., v. 30, no. 2 p.667-687

2023

Abstract: It is now established that crystalline cellulose is held together not just by hydrogen bonding, but also by dispersion forces and by electrostatic attraction modulated by stereoelectronic factors such as the exo-anomeric effect. The surface chains of ... ...

Abstract	It is now established that crystalline cellulose is held together not just by hydrogen bonding, but also by dispersion forces and by electrostatic attraction modulated by stereoelectronic factors such as the exo-anomeric effect. The surface chains of native cellulose microfibrils differ in C6 conformation from crystalline cellulose and therefore form different hydrogen bonds, both outward and inward. Dispersion and electrostatic forces, influenced by cellulose conformation, also operate at the microfibril surface. The surface conformation depends on whether cellulose interacts with water, with the surfaces of other microfibrils or with non-cellulosic polymers. Cellulose-water binding competes with other binding interactions, so that diverse surface interactions are finely balanced in free energy, difficult to simulate, and dependent on local details of water structuring about which little is known, especially in the presence of dispersed chains of hemicellulosic or pectic polymers. An example is the influence of hydration on the aggregation of microfibrils as measured by neutron scattering, which is large for primary-wall cellulose and small for hardwood microfibrils. There are many consequent uncertainties about the surface interactions of hydrated cellulose microfibrils, for example how pectins associate with cellulose or why cellulose-xylan interfaces resist hydration. Evidence from a range of experimental technologies, alongside simulations, will be needed to resolve these uncertainties. The practical implications are wide-ranging, from the mechanism of plant growth and the mechanical resilience of wood to the development of novel, wood-based building materials.
Keywords	Gibbs free energy ; cellulose ; cellulose microfibrils ; electrostatic interactions ; hardwood ; hydrogen ; neutrons ; plant growth
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-01
Size	p. 667-687.
Publishing place	Springer Netherlands
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	Review
ZDB-ID	1496831-9
ISSN	1572-882X ; 0969-0239
ISSN (online)	1572-882X
ISSN	0969-0239
DOI	10.1007/s10570-022-04954-3
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Article ; Online: Global reward processing deficits predict negative symptoms transdiagnostically and transphasically in a severe mental illness-spectrum sample.

Luther, Lauren / Jarvis, Sierra A / Spilka, Michael J / Strauss, Gregory P

European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience

2023

Abstract: Reward processing impairments are a key factor associated with negative symptoms in those with severe mental illnesses. However, past findings are inconsistent regarding which reward processing components are impaired and most strongly linked to negative ...

Abstract	Reward processing impairments are a key factor associated with negative symptoms in those with severe mental illnesses. However, past findings are inconsistent regarding which reward processing components are impaired and most strongly linked to negative symptoms. The current study examined the hypothesis that these mixed findings may be the result of multiple reward processing pathways (i.e., equifinality) to negative symptoms that cut across diagnostic boundaries and phases of illness. Participants included healthy controls (n = 100) who served as a reference sample and a severe mental illness-spectrum sample (n = 92) that included psychotic-like experiences, clinical high-risk for psychosis, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia participants. All participants completed tasks measuring four RDoC Positive Valence System constructs: value representation, reinforcement learning, effort-cost computation, and hedonic reactivity. A k-means cluster analysis of the severe mental illness-spectrum samples identified three clusters with differential reward processing profiles that were characterized by: (1) global reward processing deficits (22.8%), (2) selective impairments in hedonic reactivity alone (40.2%), and (3) preserved reward processing (37%). Elevated negative symptoms were only observed in the global reward processing cluster. All clusters contained participants from each clinical group, and the distribution of these groups did not significantly differ among the clusters. Findings identified one pathway contributing to negative symptoms that was transdiagnostic and transphasic. Future work further characterizing divergent pathways to negative symptoms may help to improve symptom trajectories and personalized treatments.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-05
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1045583-8
ISSN	1433-8491 ; 0175-758X ; 0940-1334
ISSN (online)	1433-8491
ISSN	0175-758X ; 0940-1334
DOI	10.1007/s00406-023-01714-7
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Article: Drying of virus-containing particles: modelling effects of droplet origin and composition.

Jarvis, Michael C

Journal of environmental health science & engineering

2021 Volume 19, Issue 2, Page(s) 1987–1996

Abstract: Background and purpose: Virus-containing aerosol droplets emitted by breathing, speech or coughing dry rapidly to equilibrium with ambient relative humidity (RH), increasing in solute concentration with effects on virus survival and decreasing in ... ...

Abstract	Background and purpose: Virus-containing aerosol droplets emitted by breathing, speech or coughing dry rapidly to equilibrium with ambient relative humidity (RH), increasing in solute concentration with effects on virus survival and decreasing in diameter with effects on sedimentation and respiratory uptake. The aim of this paper is to model the effect of ionic and macromolecular solutes on droplet drying and solute concentration. Methods: Deliquescence-efflorescence concepts and Kohler theory were used to simulate the evolution of solute concentrations and water activity in respiratory droplets, starting from efflorescence data on mixed NaCl/KCl aerosols and osmotic pressure data on respiratory macromolecules. Results: In NaCl/KCl solutions total salt concentrations were shown to reach 10-13 M at the efflorescence RH of 40-55%, depending on the K:Na ratio. Dependence on K:Na ratio implies that the evaporation curves differ between aerosols derived from saliva and from airway surfaces. The direct effect of liquid droplet size through the Kelvin term was shown to be smaller and restricted to the evolution of breath emissions. Modelling the effect of proteins and glycoproteins showed that salts determine drying equilibria down to the efflorescence RH, and macromolecules at lower RH. Conclusion: Differences in solute composition between airway surfaces and saliva are predicted to lead to different drying behaviour of droplets emitted by breathing, speech and coughing. These differences may influence the inactivation of viruses.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-05
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2756287-6
ISSN	2052-336X
ISSN	2052-336X
DOI	10.1007/s40201-021-00750-6
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Article ; Online: Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on anaesthesia training, recruitment, and examinations: a survey of UK trainees.

Jarvis, Michael S / Samuel, Katie

British journal of anaesthesia

2023 Volume 131, Issue 1, Page(s) e13–e16

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; COVID-19 ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Anesthesia ; United Kingdom/epidemiology ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-03
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	80074-0
ISSN	1471-6771 ; 0007-0912
ISSN (online)	1471-6771
ISSN	0007-0912
DOI	10.1016/j.bja.2023.03.018
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Article ; Online: Multiyear Interval Changes in Aortic Wall Shear Stress in Patients with Bicuspid Aortic Valve Assessed by 4D Flow MRI.

Maroun, Anthony / Scott, Michael B / Catania, Roberta / Berhane, Haben / Jarvis, Kelly / Allen, Bradley D / Barker, Alex J / Markl, Michael

Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI

2024

Abstract: Background: In patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV), 4D flow MRI can quantify regions exposed to abnormal aortic hemodynamics, including high wall shear stress (WSS), a known stimulus for arterial wall dysfunction. However, the long-term multiscan ... ...

Abstract	Background: In patients with bicuspid aortic valve (BAV), 4D flow MRI can quantify regions exposed to abnormal aortic hemodynamics, including high wall shear stress (WSS), a known stimulus for arterial wall dysfunction. However, the long-term multiscan reproducibility of 4D flow MRI-derived hemodynamic parameters is unknown. Purpose: To investigate the long-term stability of 4D flow MRI-derived peak velocity, WSS, and WSS-derived heatmaps in patients with BAV undergoing multiyear surveillance imaging. Study type: Retrospective. Population: 20 BAV patients (mean age 48.4 ± 13.9 years; 14 males) with five 4D flow MRI scans, with intervals of at least 6 months between scans, and 125 controls (mean age: 50.7 ± 15.8 years; 67 males). Field strength/sequence: 1.5 and 3.0T, prospectively ECG and respiratory navigator-gated aortic 4D flow MRI. Assessment: Automated AI-based 4D flow analysis pipelines were used for data preprocessing, aorta 3D segmentation, and quantification of ascending aorta (AAo) peak velocity, peak systolic WSS, and heatmap-derived relative area of elevated WSS compared to WSS ranges in age and sex-matched normative control populations. Growth rate was derived from the maximum AAo diameters measured on the first and fifth MRI scans. Statistical tests: One-way repeated measures analysis of variance. P < 0.05 indicated significance. Results: One hundred 4D flow MRI exams (five per patient) were analyzed. The mean total follow-up duration was 5.5 ± 1.1 years, and the average growth rate was 0.3 ± 0.2 mm/year. Peak velocity, peak systolic WSS, and relative area of elevated WSS did not change significantly over the follow-up period (P = 0.64, P = 0.69, and P = 0.35, respectively). The patterns and areas of elevated WSS demonstrated good reproducibility on semiquantitative assessment. Conclusion: 4D flow MRI-derived peak velocity, WSS, and WSS-derived heatmaps showed good multiyear and multiscan stability in BAV patients with low aortic growth rates. These findings underscore the reliability of these metrics in monitoring BAV patients for potential risk of dilation. Level of evidence: 3 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 1.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1146614-5
ISSN	1522-2586 ; 1053-1807
ISSN (online)	1522-2586
ISSN	1053-1807
DOI	10.1002/jmri.29305
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Article: Plastic Surgery's Obligation to the Transgender Community.

Jarvis, Nicholas R / Jordan, Sumanas W / Howard, Michael A / Teven, Chad M

Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open

2022 Volume 10, Issue 9, Page(s) e4502

Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-14
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2851682-5
ISSN	2169-7574 ; 2169-7574
ISSN (online)	2169-7574
ISSN	2169-7574
DOI	10.1097/GOX.0000000000004502
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Article ; Online: The Need for Forensic Advanced Practice Registered Nurses in Medicolegal Death Investigation.

Drake, Stacy A / Ramirez, Elda / Lemke, Michael K / Jarvis, Hannah C

Journal of forensic nursing

2022 Volume 18, Issue 4, Page(s) 254–256

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Forensic Medicine ; Autopsy ; Nurses
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	2460839-7
ISSN	1939-3938 ; 1556-3693
ISSN (online)	1939-3938
ISSN	1556-3693
DOI	10.1097/JFN.0000000000000407
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Article: A Scoping Review of Mobile Apps in Plastic Surgery: Patient Care, Trainee Education, and Professional Development.

Jarvis, Nicholas R / Jarvis, Tyler / Morris, Bryn E / Verhey, Erik M / Rebecca, Alanna M / Howard, Michael A / Teven, Chad M

Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open

2023 Volume 11, Issue 4, Page(s) e4943

Abstract: Over the past 10 years, smartphones have become ubiquitous, and mobile apps serve a seemingly endless number of functions in our everyday lives. These functions have entered the realm of plastic surgery, impacting patient care, education, and delivery of ...

Abstract	Over the past 10 years, smartphones have become ubiquitous, and mobile apps serve a seemingly endless number of functions in our everyday lives. These functions have entered the realm of plastic surgery, impacting patient care, education, and delivery of services. This article reviews the current uses of plastic surgery mobile apps, app awareness within the plastic surgery community, and the ethical issues surrounding their use in patient care. Methods: A scoping review of electronically available literature within PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases was conducted in two waves in November and May 2022. Publications discussing mobile application use in plastic surgery were screened for inclusion. Results: Of the 80 nonduplicate publications retrieved, 20 satisfied the inclusion criteria. Articles acquired from the references of these publications were reviewed and summarized when relevant. The average American Society of Plastic Surgeons evidence rating of the publications was 4.2. Applications could be categorized broadly into three categories: patient care and surgical applications, professional development and education, and marketing and practice development. Conclusions: Mobile apps related to plastic surgery have become an abundant resource for patients, attending surgeons, and trainees. Many help bridge gaps in patient care and surgeon-patient communication, and facilitate marketing and practice development. Others make educational content more accessible to trainees and performance assessment more efficient and equitable. The extent of their impact on patient decision-making and expectations has not been completely elucidated.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2851682-5
ISSN	2169-7574 ; 2169-7574
ISSN (online)	2169-7574
ISSN	2169-7574
DOI	10.1097/GOX.0000000000004943
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