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  1. Article: COVID-19-Induced Eosinophilic Lower Airway Inflammation in Those With Multiple COVID-19 Vaccinations.

    Fukuda, Yosuke / Hayashi, Hidenori / Sagara, Hironori

    Cureus

    2023  Volume 15, Issue 5, Page(s) e38368

    Abstract: A 29-year-old woman was admitted with a diagnosis of ischemic enteritis. She had a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection four weeks before this visit and continued to experience a cough. Four months before, she received the third COVID-19 vaccine. ...

    Abstract A 29-year-old woman was admitted with a diagnosis of ischemic enteritis. She had a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection four weeks before this visit and continued to experience a cough. Four months before, she received the third COVID-19 vaccine. Chest computer tomography revealed scattered ground-glass opacities in both upper lobes. Based on abnormalities in chest imaging, eosinophilia, and a high level of fractional exhaled nitric oxide, she was diagnosed with eosinophilic lower airway inflammation due to COVID-19. Since the visit, the patient had an intermittent fever and no radiological improvement, so systemic corticosteroid treatment was initiated, and the symptoms and clinical findings improved. Clinicians should know the potential association between COVID-19 and eosinophilic lower airway inflammation, which may still occur despite multiple vaccinations.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-05-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 2747273-5
    ISSN 2168-8184
    ISSN 2168-8184
    DOI 10.7759/cureus.38368
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: COL8A1 enhances the invasion/metastasis in MDA-MB-231 cells via the induction of IL1B and MMP1 expression.

    Sagara, Atsunobu / Miura, Shotaro / Kobinata, Akinori / Naganawa, Risa / Yaginuma, Saki / Saito, Suguru / Saito, Rintaro / Kominato, Hidenori / Yumoto, Tetsuro / Sato, Fumiaki

    Biochemical and biophysical research communications

    2022  Volume 642, Page(s) 145–153

    Abstract: Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer with a high probability of metastasis and a lack of specific targets and targeted therapeutics. Previously, we have reported that COL8A1, which is highly ... ...

    Abstract Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer with a high probability of metastasis and a lack of specific targets and targeted therapeutics. Previously, we have reported that COL8A1, which is highly expressed in the mesenchymal stem-like (MSL) subtype of TNBC, facilitates TNBC growth via FAK/Src activation. Furthermore, we have found that COL8A1 enhances the invasion and metastasis of MDA-MB-231 cells, classified into MSL. However, the mechanism of invasion and metastasis by COL8A1 remains unclear. Here, we investigated the biological function of COL8A1 on the invasion and metastasis of MDA-MB-231 cells.
    Methods: The invasion and metastasis of MDA-MB-231 cells were evaluated using three-dimensional (3D) culture methods and xenograft mouse models. DNA microarray analysis examined the gene expression in COL8A1-overexpressing MDA-MB-231 cells and control cells. Gene expression was verified using RT-qPCR.
    Results: COL8A1-deficient cells showed little or no metastasis, whereas forced expression of COL8A1 in MDA-MB-231 cells, the MSL subtype of TNBC cell lines, significantly promoted distant metastasis after tumor resection. As with in vivo, 3D invasion assay revealed that COL8A1 increased the invasion capacity of MDA-MB-231 and Hs578T cells, classified into the MSL subtype of TNBC. DNA microarray analysis for COL8A1-overexpressing cells indicated that COL8A1 induces interleukin 1B (IL1B) and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP1) expression, both of which are correlated with COL8A1 expression in the mesenchymal subtypes of TNBC, and the Kaplan-Meier plotter provided evidence that the prognosis in the MSL subtype was strongly associated with both gene expressions and COL8A1 expression. Pharmacological inhibitor treatment showed that COL8A1 regulated IL1B and MMP1 expression through a different pathway. Moreover, the knockdown of each gene expression reduced the invasion capacity of COL8A1-overexpressing MDA-MB-231 and Hs578T cells.
    Conclusion: Our findings indicate that COL8A1-induced IL1B and MMP1 enhanced the invasion and metastasis of the MSL subtype of TNBC. Considering our previous findings that COL8A1 promotes tumor growth, COL8A1 may be a prognostic and practical therapeutic target in TNBC.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Humans ; Mice ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement/genetics ; Cell Proliferation ; Disease Models, Animal ; DNA ; Interleukin-1beta ; Interleukins ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 ; MDA-MB-231 Cells ; Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/pathology
    Chemical Substances DNA (9007-49-2) ; IL1B protein, human ; Interleukin-1beta ; Interleukins ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 (EC 3.4.24.7) ; MMP1 protein, human (EC 3.4.24.7) ; Col8A1 protein, human
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-12-22
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 205723-2
    ISSN 1090-2104 ; 0006-291X ; 0006-291X
    ISSN (online) 1090-2104 ; 0006-291X
    ISSN 0006-291X
    DOI 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.12.046
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Development of a novel drug information provision system for Kampo medicine using natural language processing technology.

    Maeda-Minami, Ayako / Yoshino, Tetsuhiro / Yumoto, Tetsuro / Sato, Kayoko / Sagara, Atsunobu / Inaba, Kenjiro / Kominato, Hidenori / Kimura, Takao / Takishita, Tetsuya / Watanabe, Gen / Nakamura, Tomonori / Mano, Yasunari / Horiba, Yuko / Watanabe, Kenji / Kamei, Junzo

    BMC medical informatics and decision making

    2023  Volume 23, Issue 1, Page(s) 119

    Abstract: Background: Kampo medicine is widely used in Japan; however, most physicians and pharmacists have insufficient knowledge and experience in it. Although a chatbot-style system using machine learning and natural language processing has been used in some ... ...

    Abstract Background: Kampo medicine is widely used in Japan; however, most physicians and pharmacists have insufficient knowledge and experience in it. Although a chatbot-style system using machine learning and natural language processing has been used in some clinical settings and proven useful, the system developed specifically for the Japanese language using this method has not been validated by research. The purpose of this study is to develop a novel drug information provision system for Kampo medicines using a natural language classifier® (NLC®) based on IBM Watson.
    Methods: The target Kampo formulas were 33 formulas listed in the 17th revision of the Japanese Pharmacopoeia. The information included in the system comes from the package inserts of Kampo medicines, Manuals for Management of Individual Serious Adverse Drug Reactions, and data on off-label usage. The system developed in this study classifies questions about the drug information of Kampo formulas input by natural language into preset questions and outputs preset answers for the questions. The system uses morphological analysis, synonym conversion by thesaurus, and NLC®. We fine-tuned the information registered into NLC® and increased the thesaurus. To validate the system, 900 validation questions were provided by six pharmacists who were classified into high or low levels of knowledge and experience of Kampo medicines and three pharmacy students.
    Results: The precision, recall, and F-measure of the system performance were 0.986, 0.915, and 0.949, respectively. The results were stable even with differences in the amount of expertise of the question authors.
    Conclusions: We developed a system using natural language classification that can give appropriate answers to most of the validation questions.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Medicine, Kampo ; Natural Language Processing ; Pharmacists ; Physicians ; Technology ; Japan
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-13
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2046490-3
    ISSN 1472-6947 ; 1472-6947
    ISSN (online) 1472-6947
    ISSN 1472-6947
    DOI 10.1186/s12911-023-02230-3
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Development of a novel drug information provision system for Kampo medicine using natural language processing technology

    Ayako Maeda-Minami / Tetsuhiro Yoshino / Tetsuro Yumoto / Kayoko Sato / Atsunobu Sagara / Kenjiro Inaba / Hidenori Kominato / Takao Kimura / Tetsuya Takishita / Gen Watanabe / Tomonori Nakamura / Yasunari Mano / Yuko Horiba / Kenji Watanabe / Junzo Kamei

    BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, Vol 23, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2023  Volume 12

    Abstract: Abstract Background Kampo medicine is widely used in Japan; however, most physicians and pharmacists have insufficient knowledge and experience in it. Although a chatbot-style system using machine learning and natural language processing has been used in ...

    Abstract Abstract Background Kampo medicine is widely used in Japan; however, most physicians and pharmacists have insufficient knowledge and experience in it. Although a chatbot-style system using machine learning and natural language processing has been used in some clinical settings and proven useful, the system developed specifically for the Japanese language using this method has not been validated by research. The purpose of this study is to develop a novel drug information provision system for Kampo medicines using a natural language classifier® (NLC®) based on IBM Watson. Methods The target Kampo formulas were 33 formulas listed in the 17th revision of the Japanese Pharmacopoeia. The information included in the system comes from the package inserts of Kampo medicines, Manuals for Management of Individual Serious Adverse Drug Reactions, and data on off-label usage. The system developed in this study classifies questions about the drug information of Kampo formulas input by natural language into preset questions and outputs preset answers for the questions. The system uses morphological analysis, synonym conversion by thesaurus, and NLC®. We fine-tuned the information registered into NLC® and increased the thesaurus. To validate the system, 900 validation questions were provided by six pharmacists who were classified into high or low levels of knowledge and experience of Kampo medicines and three pharmacy students. Results The precision, recall, and F-measure of the system performance were 0.986, 0.915, and 0.949, respectively. The results were stable even with differences in the amount of expertise of the question authors. Conclusions We developed a system using natural language classification that can give appropriate answers to most of the validation questions.
    Keywords Natural language processing ; Drug information provision system ; Kampo medicine ; Conversational agents ; Chatbots ; Question-answering ; Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ; R858-859.7
    Subject code 004
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-07-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BMC
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  5. Article ; Online: [Errata: Education effect of the simple suspension method training for fifth-year medical students].

    Sagara, Hidenori / Kawate, Yuri / Tanaka, Mamoru / Tanaka, Akihiro / Izushi, Fumio / Araki, Hiroaki

    Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

    2015  Volume 135, Issue 1, Page(s) 159

    Language Japanese
    Publishing date 2015
    Publishing country Japan
    Document type Published Erratum
    ZDB-ID 200514-1
    ISSN 1347-5231 ; 0031-6903 ; 0372-7750 ; 0919-2085 ; 0919-2131
    ISSN (online) 1347-5231
    ISSN 0031-6903 ; 0372-7750 ; 0919-2085 ; 0919-2131
    DOI 10.1248/yakushi.135.159
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Pharmaceutical Education Focused on Pharmacotherapy in Emergency Medical Care.

    Zamami, Yoshito / Koyama, Toshihiro / Imai, Toru / Takemoto, Akane / Sagara, Hidenori / Sendo, Toshiaki / Nakura, Hironori

    Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan

    2016  Volume 136, Issue 7, Page(s) 987–991

    Abstract: Pharmacists are expected to be active members of the healthcare team in emergency medicine, because many pharmaceuticals are administered to patients with life-threatening conditions. However, adequate education for pharmacists and pharmacy students is ... ...

    Abstract Pharmacists are expected to be active members of the healthcare team in emergency medicine, because many pharmaceuticals are administered to patients with life-threatening conditions. However, adequate education for pharmacists and pharmacy students is not provided. The "Emergency Pharmaceutical Sciences" course was introduced for the first time in Japan by the Department of Pharmacy, Okayama University, to offer advanced education in emergency medicine and research related to critical care. We offer an emergency pharmaceutical training program with high-performance simulators and have succeeded in improving the clinical skills and confidence of pharmacy students. In this review, we introduce our activities intended to mold pharmacy students into emergency pharmacists who can contribute to emergency medicine.
    MeSH term(s) Clinical Competence ; Drug Therapy ; Education, Pharmacy/methods ; Education, Pharmacy/trends ; Emergency Medical Services ; Emergency Medicine/education ; Humans ; Japan ; Patient Care Team ; Patient Simulation ; Pharmacy Service, Hospital ; Schools, Pharmacy ; Students, Pharmacy/psychology
    Language Japanese
    Publishing date 2016
    Publishing country Japan
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 200514-1
    ISSN 1347-5231 ; 0031-6903 ; 0372-7750 ; 0919-2085 ; 0919-2131
    ISSN (online) 1347-5231
    ISSN 0031-6903 ; 0372-7750 ; 0919-2085 ; 0919-2131
    DOI 10.1248/yakushi.15-00286-4
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: A new method for evaluation of motivational effects of drugs.

    Sagara, Hidenori / Araki, Hiroaki / Gomita, Yutaka

    Journal of pharmacological sciences

    2012  Volume 120, Issue 1, Page(s) 1–5

    Abstract: Motivation is a process that continuously changes behavior to achieve a goal and can be conceptualized as a series of steps relating to that process. Intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) behavior is considered to consist of reward and motivational ... ...

    Abstract Motivation is a process that continuously changes behavior to achieve a goal and can be conceptualized as a series of steps relating to that process. Intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) behavior is considered to consist of reward and motivational effects. Moreover, priming stimulation of ICSS behavior is known to promote motivational effects. Using the runway method and priming stimulation, rewards and motivational effects of ICSS behavior can be differentiated. We investigated whether the runway method and priming stimulation of ICSS behavior could be used to evaluate motivational effects of a drug. In the ICSS runway model, running speed was considered as a reference of motivational effect. An assessment of pharmacological drugs known to influence motivational states was also undertaken. Using our experimental methods, prominent changes were observed in running speed when animals were administered methamphetamine and nicotine. Based on our results, we conclude that the runway method may be useful for the evaluation of substances that affect motivation. This review introduces 4 types of neuronal processes involved in motivation, reward mechanisms, outlines evaluation methods, and describes motivational properties of psychoactive drugs.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/methods ; Motivation/drug effects ; Psychotropic Drugs/pharmacology ; Rats ; Reward ; Self Stimulation
    Chemical Substances Psychotropic Drugs
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-08-23
    Publishing country Japan
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2104264-0
    ISSN 1347-8648 ; 1347-8613
    ISSN (online) 1347-8648
    ISSN 1347-8613
    DOI 10.1254/jphs.11r09cp
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Futibatinib Is a Novel Irreversible FGFR 1-4 Inhibitor That Shows Selective Antitumor Activity against FGFR-Deregulated Tumors.

    Sootome, Hiroshi / Fujita, Hidenori / Ito, Kenjiro / Ochiiwa, Hiroaki / Fujioka, Yayoi / Ito, Kimihiro / Miura, Akihiro / Sagara, Takeshi / Ito, Satoru / Ohsawa, Hirokazu / Otsuki, Sachie / Funabashi, Kaoru / Yashiro, Masakazu / Matsuo, Kenichi / Yonekura, Kazuhiko / Hirai, Hiroshi

    Cancer research

    2020  Volume 80, Issue 22, Page(s) 4986–4997

    Abstract: FGFR signaling is deregulated in many human cancers, and FGFR is considered a valid target in FGFR-deregulated tumors. Here, we examine the preclinical profile of futibatinib (TAS-120; 1-[(3S)-[4-amino-3-[(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethynyl]-1H-pyrazolo[3, 4-d] ...

    Abstract FGFR signaling is deregulated in many human cancers, and FGFR is considered a valid target in FGFR-deregulated tumors. Here, we examine the preclinical profile of futibatinib (TAS-120; 1-[(3S)-[4-amino-3-[(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)ethynyl]-1H-pyrazolo[3, 4-d] pyrimidin-1-yl]-1-pyrrolidinyl]-2-propen-1-one), a structurally novel, irreversible FGFR1-4 inhibitor. Among a panel of 296 human kinases, futibatinib selectively inhibited FGFR1-4 with IC
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage ; Antineoplastic Agents/metabolism ; Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use ; Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Breast Neoplasms/genetics ; Breast Neoplasms/metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Drugs, Investigational/administration & dosage ; Drugs, Investigational/metabolism ; Drugs, Investigational/therapeutic use ; Endometrial Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Endometrial Neoplasms/genetics ; Endometrial Neoplasms/metabolism ; Female ; Heterografts ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Lung Neoplasms/genetics ; Lung Neoplasms/metabolism ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred NOD ; Mice, Nude ; Mice, SCID ; Multiple Myeloma/drug therapy ; Multiple Myeloma/genetics ; Multiple Myeloma/metabolism ; Neoplasm Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors ; Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Neoplasms/metabolism ; Phosphorylation/drug effects ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Pyrazoles/pharmacology ; Pyrazoles/therapeutic use ; Pyrimidines/pharmacology ; Pyrimidines/therapeutic use ; Pyrroles/pharmacology ; Pyrroles/therapeutic use ; Rats ; Rats, Nude ; Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/antagonists & inhibitors ; Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/genetics ; Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2/antagonists & inhibitors ; Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2/genetics ; Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/antagonists & inhibitors ; Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/genetics ; Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 4/antagonists & inhibitors ; Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 4/genetics ; Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor/antagonists & inhibitors ; Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor/genetics ; Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor/metabolism ; Stomach Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Stomach Neoplasms/genetics ; Stomach Neoplasms/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Antineoplastic Agents ; Drugs, Investigational ; Neoplasm Proteins ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors ; Pyrazoles ; Pyrimidines ; Pyrroles ; Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor ; futibatinib (4B93MGE4AL) ; FGFR1 protein, human (EC 2.7.10.1) ; FGFR2 protein, human (EC 2.7.10.1) ; FGFR3 protein, human (EC 2.7.10.1) ; FGFR4 protein, human (EC 2.7.10.1) ; Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1 (EC 2.7.10.1) ; Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2 (EC 2.7.10.1) ; Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3 (EC 2.7.10.1) ; Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 4 (EC 2.7.10.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-09-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1432-1
    ISSN 1538-7445 ; 0008-5472
    ISSN (online) 1538-7445
    ISSN 0008-5472
    DOI 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-19-2568
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Intracranial self-stimulation and immobilization had different effects on neurite extension and the p38 MAPK pathway in PC12m3 cells.

    Gomita, Yutaka / Esumi, Satoru / Kitamura, Yoshihisa / Motoda, Hirotoshi / Sendo, Toshiaki / Sagara, Hidenori / Araki, Hiroaki / Mio, Mitsunobu / Inoue, Shigeki / Kano, Yoshio

    Life sciences

    2017  Volume 190, Page(s) 78–83

    Abstract: Aim: In mammals, rewarding and aversive states are motivational drivers of behavioral expression. However, it is unclear whether such states affect neuronal functions at the level of individual neurons. In the present study, the neuronal effects of ... ...

    Abstract Aim: In mammals, rewarding and aversive states are motivational drivers of behavioral expression. However, it is unclear whether such states affect neuronal functions at the level of individual neurons. In the present study, the neuronal effects of rewarding and aversive states were investigated in using PC12 mutant cells (PC12m3 cells) with low sensitivity to nerve growth factor.
    Main methods: The intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) and immobilization (IMM) methods were used to create rewarding and aversive states, respectively, in rats. Furthermore, experiments involving voluntary running on a wheel and forced running on a rotating rod were used to evaluate the effects of behavioral excitement on neurons. Then, the effects of plasma samples collected from the animals on neurite extension were examined microscopically, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity was assessed using Western blotting.
    Key findings: Plasma samples from the ICSS and IMM rats facilitated neurite outgrowth to different degrees. However, their effects were not influenced by behavioral excitement. Furthermore, the plasma from the ICSS rats also induced upregulated p38 MAPK activity, whereas that from the IMM rats produced the same or slightly lower levels of MAPK activity to the control plasma.
    Significance: These findings indicate that rewarding and aversive states might cause morphological changes, such as neurite extension. As for the effects of these states on p38 MAPK activity, the former state might directly increase p38 MAPK activity, but the latter state might have no effect or cause a slight reduction in p38 MAPK activity.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Avoidance Learning/physiology ; Behavior, Animal ; Blotting, Western ; Immobilization/psychology ; Male ; Nerve Growth Factor/metabolism ; Neurites/metabolism ; PC12 Cells ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reward ; Running/physiology ; Self Stimulation ; Up-Regulation ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Nerve Growth Factor (9061-61-4) ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (EC 2.7.11.24)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-12-01
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 3378-9
    ISSN 1879-0631 ; 0024-3205
    ISSN (online) 1879-0631
    ISSN 0024-3205
    DOI 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.09.032
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: Evaluation of motivational effects induced by intracranial self-stimulation behavior.

    Sagara, Hidenori / Sendo, Toshiaki / Gomita, Yutaka

    Acta medica Okayama

    2010  Volume 64, Issue 5, Page(s) 267–275

    Abstract: In the runway model of intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) experimentation, the experimental animal is timed in running a fixed distance to depress a lever that releases electrical stimulation to an electrode implanted along its medial forebrain bundle. ...

    Abstract In the runway model of intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) experimentation, the experimental animal is timed in running a fixed distance to depress a lever that releases electrical stimulation to an electrode implanted along its medial forebrain bundle. This ICSS has both a reward and a motivational component. Using the runway method and priming stimulation, we designed an experimental method for directly measuring motivation. An assessment of pharmacological agents that are known to influence motivational states was also undertaken. Using the experimental methods that we created, we observed prominent changes in running speed when animals were exposed to methamphetamine and nicotine. According to these data, the runway method employing intracranial self-stimulation behavior may be useful for the evaluation of substances that act on motivation. We review the underlying neuropharmacological and anatomical functions associated with our experimental methods. We hope that this technique will be used to scientifically evaluate the impact of drugs and/or therapeutic interventions on human motivation.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Behavior, Animal/physiology ; Brain/physiology ; Electric Stimulation ; Methamphetamine/pharmacology ; Models, Animal ; Motivation/drug effects ; Motivation/physiology ; Nicotine/pharmacology ; Rats ; Self Stimulation/physiology
    Chemical Substances Methamphetamine (44RAL3456C) ; Nicotine (6M3C89ZY6R)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-10
    Publishing country Japan
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 188415-3
    ISSN 0386-300X ; 0001-6152
    ISSN 0386-300X ; 0001-6152
    DOI 10.18926/AMO/40501
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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