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Article ; Online: Lack of diagnostic-escape mutants of group B streptococcus in Slovenia.

Perme, Tina / Golparian, Daniel / Unemo, Magnus / Jeverica, Samo

Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases

2021 Volume 27, Issue 7, Page(s) 1054–1055

MeSH term(s)	Carrier State ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Mutation ; Slovenia/epidemiology ; Streptococcal Infections/epidemiology ; Streptococcal Infections/microbiology ; Streptococcus agalactiae/genetics ; Streptococcus agalactiae/isolation & purification
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	1328418-6
ISSN	1469-0691 ; 1470-9465 ; 1198-743X
ISSN (online)	1469-0691
ISSN	1470-9465 ; 1198-743X
DOI	10.1016/j.cmi.2021.01.022
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Article ; Online: Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection among Slovenian children and adolescents: A prospective cohort study.

Šterbenc, Anja / Godnov, Uroš / Vodičar, Polona Maver / Simčič, Saša / Jeverica, Samo / Zaletel, Živa / Homan, Pia / Mojškerc, Eva Miler / Homan, Matjaž

Helicobacter

2024 Volume 29, Issue 2, Page(s) e13082

Abstract: Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is primarily acquired in childhood and is notably influenced by socioeconomic variances across different geographical regions. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of H. pylori infection ...

Abstract	Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is primarily acquired in childhood and is notably influenced by socioeconomic variances across different geographical regions. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of H. pylori infection in Slovenian children and to identify potential risk factors that facilitate the infection. Materials and methods: Between 2019 and 2022, we conducted a multi-center prospective cross-sectional study among healthy children residing in three different administrative regions in Slovenia. H. pylori infection status was determined using a monoclonal antibody-based stool antigen test (SAT). A standardized questionnaire was designed to evaluate the influence of various H. pylori-associated risk factors, including demographics and socioeconomic, housing and sanitation conditions. Results: During the 3-year period, we recruited a total of 421 children and adolescents (age range 2-18 years, mean age 10.29 ± 4.95 years). Overall, 46 (10.9%) were diagnosed with H. pylori infection. No associations were found between H. pylori prevalence rates and increasing age, sex, parental education level, country of birth of the child or their parents, number of household members, household income, having a dishwasher, owning a pet, duration of breastfeeding, fruit intake frequency, drinking tap water, and handwashing practices. The only parameters associated with an increased risk of infection were the location of the school (p < 0.001) and living in an urban area (p = 0.036). The odds of infection were approximately 4.77 times higher if the child attended school in the Central Slovenian compared to other regions (OR = 4.77; 95% CI 0.87-2.34). Conclusions: This is the first study providing information on the prevalence of H. pylori infection among Slovenian children and adolescents. Using SAT, we have shown that the burden of H. pylori infection in our pediatric population is low; however, it seems to depend on regional rather than socioeconomic factors.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Helicobacter Infections/epidemiology ; Slovenia/epidemiology ; Adolescent ; Child ; Male ; Female ; Prospective Studies ; Prevalence ; Child, Preschool ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Helicobacter pylori/isolation & purification ; Risk Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Multicenter Study
ZDB-ID	1330665-0
ISSN	1523-5378 ; 1083-4389
ISSN (online)	1523-5378
ISSN	1083-4389
DOI	10.1111/hel.13082
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Article: Protective Effect of

Starc, Maja / Lučovnik, Miha / Eržen Vrlič, Petra / Jeverica, Samo

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 11, Issue 9

Abstract: Background: A normal vaginal microbiota may protect the vaginal mucosa from colonization by potentially pathogenic bacteria, including group B streptococci (GBS). The aim of this study was to investigate the association between colonization with GBS and ... ...

Abstract	Background: A normal vaginal microbiota may protect the vaginal mucosa from colonization by potentially pathogenic bacteria, including group B streptococci (GBS). The aim of this study was to investigate the association between colonization with GBS and the presence of specific vaginal microbiota isolated from vaginal swabs in the third trimester of pregnancy. Methods: A semiquantitative culture of 1860 vaginal swabs from consecutive pregnant women in their third trimester was analyzed. The dominant bacteria, including lactobacilli, were identified using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. An enrichment culture for GBS was performed on the swabs. GBS colonization correlated with the bacteria isolated at the same time. Results: Lactobacilluscrispatus was isolated in 27.5% of the cultures, followed by L. jensenii (13.9%), L. gasseri (12.6%), and L. iners (10.1%). The presence of lactobacilli as a group, and of L. crispatus, inversely correlated with GBS colonization (OR = 0.44 and OR = 0.5, respectively; both with p < 0.001). Other microorganisms, including Gardnerella vaginalis, mixed aerobic bacteria and yeasts, were not associated with GBS colonization. Conclusions: Lactobacilli, especially L. crispatus, may prevent GBS colonization in pregnancy. Maintaining a normal vaginal microbiota could be an effective method for the antibiotic-free prevention of invasive GBS infections in neonates.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-27
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2695572-6
ISSN	2076-0817
ISSN	2076-0817
DOI	10.3390/pathogens11090980
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Article ; Online: Antimicrobial Polymeric Composites with Embedded Nanotextured Magnesium Oxide.

Aničić, Nemanja / Kurtjak, Mario / Jeverica, Samo / Suvorov, Danilo / Vukomanović, Marija

Polymers

2021 Volume 13, Issue 13

Abstract: Nanotextured magnesium oxide (MgO) can exhibit both antibacterial and tissue regeneration activity, which makes it very useful for implant protection. To successfully combine these two properties, MgO needs to be processed within an appropriate carrier ... ...

Abstract	Nanotextured magnesium oxide (MgO) can exhibit both antibacterial and tissue regeneration activity, which makes it very useful for implant protection. To successfully combine these two properties, MgO needs to be processed within an appropriate carrier system that can keep MgO surface available for interactions with cells, slow down the conversion of MgO to the less active hydroxide and control MgO solubility. Here we present new composites with nanotextured MgO microrods embedded in different biodegradable polymer matrixes: poly-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA), poly-lactide (PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL). Relative to their hydrophilicity, polarity and degradability, the matrices were able to affect and control the structural and functional properties of the resulting composites in different manners. We found PLGA matrix the most effective in performing this task. The application of the nanotextured 1D morphology and the appropriate balancing of MgO/PLGA interphase interactions with optimal polymer degradation kinetics resulted in superior bactericidal activity of the composites against either planktonic
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-30
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2527146-5
ISSN	2073-4360 ; 2073-4360
ISSN (online)	2073-4360
ISSN	2073-4360
DOI	10.3390/polym13132183
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Article ; Online: Antimicrobial Polymeric Composites with Embedded Nanotextured Magnesium Oxide

Nemanja Aničić / Mario Kurtjak / Samo Jeverica / Danilo Suvorov / Marija Vukomanović

Polymers, Vol 13, Iss 2183, p

2021 Volume 2183

Abstract	Nanotextured magnesium oxide (MgO) can exhibit both antibacterial and tissue regeneration activity, which makes it very useful for implant protection. To successfully combine these two properties, MgO needs to be processed within an appropriate carrier system that can keep MgO surface available for interactions with cells, slow down the conversion of MgO to the less active hydroxide and control MgO solubility. Here we present new composites with nanotextured MgO microrods embedded in different biodegradable polymer matrixes: poly-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA), poly-lactide (PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL). Relative to their hydrophilicity, polarity and degradability, the matrices were able to affect and control the structural and functional properties of the resulting composites in different manners. We found PLGA matrix the most effective in performing this task. The application of the nanotextured 1D morphology and the appropriate balancing of MgO/PLGA interphase interactions with optimal polymer degradation kinetics resulted in superior bactericidal activity of the composites against either planktonic E. coli or sessile S. epidermidis , S. aureus (multidrug resistant-MRSA) and three clinical strains isolated from implant-associated infections ( S. aureus , E. coli and P. aeruginosa ), while ensuring controllable release of magnesium ions and showing no harmful effects on red blood cells.
Keywords	magnesium oxide ; nanotextured surface ; antimicrobial ; polymer-matrix composites ; drug release ; contact-based antimicrobial surface ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441
Subject code	540
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article: Protective Effect of Lactobacillus crispatus against Vaginal Colonization with Group B Streptococci in the Third Trimester of Pregnancy

Starc, Maja / Lučovnik, Miha / Eržen Vrlič, Petra / Jeverica, Samo

Pathogens. 2022 Aug. 27, v. 11, no. 9

2022

Abstract	Background: A normal vaginal microbiota may protect the vaginal mucosa from colonization by potentially pathogenic bacteria, including group B streptococci (GBS). The aim of this study was to investigate the association between colonization with GBS and the presence of specific vaginal microbiota isolated from vaginal swabs in the third trimester of pregnancy. Methods: A semiquantitative culture of 1860 vaginal swabs from consecutive pregnant women in their third trimester was analyzed. The dominant bacteria, including lactobacilli, were identified using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. An enrichment culture for GBS was performed on the swabs. GBS colonization correlated with the bacteria isolated at the same time. Results: Lactobacilluscrispatus was isolated in 27.5% of the cultures, followed by L. jensenii (13.9%), L. gasseri (12.6%), and L. iners (10.1%). The presence of lactobacilli as a group, and of L. crispatus, inversely correlated with GBS colonization (OR = 0.44 and OR = 0.5, respectively; both with p < 0.001). Other microorganisms, including Gardnerella vaginalis, mixed aerobic bacteria and yeasts, were not associated with GBS colonization. Conclusions: Lactobacilli, especially L. crispatus, may prevent GBS colonization in pregnancy. Maintaining a normal vaginal microbiota could be an effective method for the antibiotic-free prevention of invasive GBS infections in neonates.
Keywords	Gardnerella vaginalis ; Lactobacillus crispatus ; enrichment culture ; matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization mass spectrometry ; microorganisms ; pregnancy ; protective effect ; vaginal mucosa
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0827
Publishing place	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2695572-6
ISSN	2076-0817
ISSN	2076-0817
DOI	10.3390/pathogens11090980
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article ; Online: Neonatal Group B Streptococcal Meningitis: Predictors for Poor Neurologic Outcome at 18 Months.

Fister, Petja / Peček, Jerneja / Jeverica, Samo / Primec, Zvonka Rener / Paro-Panjan, Darja

Journal of child neurology

2021 Volume 37, Issue 1, Page(s) 64–72

Abstract: Aim: To find early predictors for poor neurodevelopmental outcome after neonatal group B streptococcal meningitis.: Methods: We retrospectively analyzed clinical characteristics of 23 patients with neonatal group B streptococcal meningitis and their ... ...

Abstract	Aim: To find early predictors for poor neurodevelopmental outcome after neonatal group B streptococcal meningitis. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed clinical characteristics of 23 patients with neonatal group B streptococcal meningitis and their neurodevelopmental outcome at 18 months. Available group B Results: We found several differences between patients with early- (n = 5) and late-onset (n = 18) disease. Nine children had neurologic abnormalities at 18 months and 4 had epilepsy, all of them after late-onset disease. Most important risk factors for poor outcome were impaired consciousness at admission, hemodynamic instability, seizures, or abnormal electroencephalogram during the acute illness and abnormal neurologic and ophthalmologic examination at the end of treatment, whereas abnormalities in laboratory and imaging studies were not predictive. Hypervirulent serotype III, multilocus sequence type 17 group B Conclusions: Neurodevelopmental impairment after neonatal group B streptococcal meningitis is likelier in those with clinical and neurophysiological features indicating worse disease severity.
MeSH term(s)	Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Meningitis, Bacterial/drug therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Streptococcal Infections/drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-11-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	639288-x
ISSN	1708-8283 ; 0883-0738
ISSN (online)	1708-8283
ISSN	0883-0738
DOI	10.1177/08830738211053128
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Article ; Online: Antibacterial resistance and the success of tailored triple therapy in Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from Slovenian children.

Butenko, Tita / Jeverica, Samo / Orel, Rok / Homan, Matjaž

Helicobacter

2017 Volume 22, Issue 5

Abstract: Background: Primary Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection occurs predominantly in childhood. Antimicrobial resistance is the leading cause for H. pylori eradication failure. The aims of this study were (i) to establish for the first time the ... ...

Abstract	Background: Primary Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection occurs predominantly in childhood. Antimicrobial resistance is the leading cause for H. pylori eradication failure. The aims of this study were (i) to establish for the first time the antimicrobial resistance of H. pylori strains in infected Slovenian children not previously treated for H. pylori infection and (ii) to evaluate the effectiveness of tailored triple therapy, assuming that eradication rate with tailored triple therapy will be >90%. Methods: Data on all treatment-naive children 1-18 years old and treated for H. pylori infection according to susceptibility testing were retrospectively analyzed. All relevant clinical information and demographical information were retrospectively collected from the hospital information systems and/or patients' medical documentation. Results: The inclusion criteria were met by 107 children (64.5% girls) with a median age of 12.0 years (range 2.0-17.6 years). Primary antimicrobial resistance rates of H. pylori were 1.0% to amoxicillin (AMO), 23.4% to clarithromycin (CLA), 20.2% to metronidazole (MET), 2.8% to levofloxacin (LEV), and 0.0% to tetracycline (TET). Dual resistances were detected to CLA and MET in 11.5% (n=12) of strains, to CLA and LEV in 2.8% (n=3), and to MET and LEV in 2.9% (n=3). Results of treatment success were available for 71 patients (66.2% girls). Eradication of H. pylori was evaluated using the 13C-urea breath test, monoclonal stool antigen test or in some cases with repeated upper GI endoscopy with histology and cultivation/molecular tests. Eradication was achieved in 61 of 71 (85.9%) patients. Conclusions: The primary resistance rates of H. pylori to CLA and MET in Slovenia are high. Our data strongly support the fact that in countries with high prevalence of resistant H. pylori strains susceptibility testing and tailored therapy is essential.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; Drug Therapy, Combination/methods ; Female ; Helicobacter Infections/drug therapy ; Helicobacter Infections/microbiology ; Helicobacter pylori/drug effects ; Helicobacter pylori/isolation & purification ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Retrospective Studies ; Slovenia ; Treatment Outcome
Chemical Substances	Anti-Bacterial Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-06-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1330665-0
ISSN	1523-5378 ; 1083-4389
ISSN (online)	1523-5378
ISSN	1083-4389
DOI	10.1111/hel.12400
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Article ; Online: Sample preparation method influences direct identification of anaerobic bacteria from positive blood culture bottles using MALDI-TOF MS.

Jeverica, Samo / Nagy, Elisabeth / Mueller-Premru, Manica / Papst, Lea

Anaerobe

2018 Volume 54, Page(s) 231–235

Abstract: Rapid detection and identification of anaerobic bacteria from blood is important to adjust antimicrobial therapy by including antibiotics with activity against anaerobic bacteria. Limited data is available about direct identification of anaerobes from ... ...

Abstract	Rapid detection and identification of anaerobic bacteria from blood is important to adjust antimicrobial therapy by including antibiotics with activity against anaerobic bacteria. Limited data is available about direct identification of anaerobes from positive blood culture bottles using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS). In this study, we evaluated the performance of two sample preparation protocols for direct identification of anaerobes from positive blood culture bottles, the MALDI Sepsityper kit (Sepsityper) and the in-house saponin (saponin) method. Additionally, we compared two blood culture bottle types designed to support the growth of anaerobic bacteria, the BacT/ALERT-FN Plus (FN Plus) and the BACTEC-Lytic (Lytic), and their influence on direct identification. A selection of 30 anaerobe strains belonging to 22 different anaerobic species (11 reference strains and 19 clinical isolates) were inoculated to 2 blood culture bottle types in duplicate. In total, 120 bottles were inoculated and 99.2% (n = 119) signalled growth within 5 days of incubation. The Sepsityper method correctly identified 56.3% (n = 67) of anaerobes, while the saponin method correctly identified 84.9% (n = 101) of anaerobes with at least log(score) ≥1.6 (low confidence correct identification), (p < 0.001). Gram negative anaerobes were better identified with the saponin method (100% vs. 46.5%; p < 0.001), while Gram positive anaerobes were better identified with the Sepsityper method (70.8% vs. 62.5%; p = 0.454). Average log(score) values among only those isolates that were correctly identified simultaneously by both sample preparation methods were 2.119 and 2.029 in favour of the Sepsityper method, (p = 0.019). The inoculated bottle type didn't influence the performance of the two sample preparation methods. We confirmed that direct identification from positive blood culture bottles with MALDI-TOF MS is reliable for anaerobic bacteria. However, the results are influenced by the sample preparation method used.
MeSH term(s)	Analytic Sample Preparation Methods/methods ; Bacteria, Anaerobic/chemistry ; Bacteria, Anaerobic/classification ; Bacteria, Anaerobic/growth & development ; Bacteria, Anaerobic/isolation & purification ; Bacterial Infections/blood ; Bacterial Infections/diagnosis ; Bacterial Infections/microbiology ; Bacteriological Techniques/methods ; Blood Culture/instrumentation ; Humans ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-05-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1237621-8
ISSN	1095-8274 ; 1075-9964
ISSN (online)	1095-8274
ISSN	1075-9964
DOI	10.1016/j.anaerobe.2018.05.003
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Article: High prevalence of division II (cfiA positive) isolates among blood stream Bacteroides fragilis in Slovenia as determined by MALDI-TOF MS

Jeverica, Samo / Nagy, Elizabeth / Papst, Lea / Premru, Manica Mueller / Sóki, József

Anaerobe. 2019 Aug., v. 58

2019

Abstract: Bacteroides fragilis can be classified into division I (cfiA negative) and division II (cfiA positive) isolates. Division II isolates have a silent chromosomal carbapenemase gene (cfiA) that can become overexpressed by an insertion of a mobile genetic ... ...

Abstract	Bacteroides fragilis can be classified into division I (cfiA negative) and division II (cfiA positive) isolates. Division II isolates have a silent chromosomal carbapenemase gene (cfiA) that can become overexpressed by an insertion of a mobile genetic element and thus develop a phenotypic resistance to carbapenems. Aims of our study were (i) to determine the prevalence of B. fragilis division II (cfiA positive) isolates among blood stream and non-blood stream isolates from two major Slovenian tertiary-care hospitals and (ii) to assess its influence on phenotypic resistance to imipenem. Consecutive non-duplicate B. fragilis isolates from blood stream and non-blood stream specimens were included in the analysis from 2015 to 2017 period. Data from laboratory information system were matched with mass spectra obtained with Microflex LT instrument and MALDI Biotyper 3.1 software (Bruker Daltonik, Bremen, Germany). All mass spectra were reanalyzed using Bruker taxonomy library. Spectra with a log(score) > 2.0 were further analyzed with cfiA library that separates B. fragilis division I and II isolates based on a log(score) value difference of >0.3. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for imipenem were determined with Etest (bioMérieux, Marcy l’Étoile, France), using supplemented Brucella agar and EUCAST breakpoints (S ≤ 2 mg/L, R > 8 mg/L). Altogether 623 consecutive B. fragilis isolates were included in the analysis; 47 (7.5%) were isolated from blood stream and 576 (92.5%) from non-blood stream specimens. Among all study isolates, 51 (8.2%) proved to belong to division II (cfiA positive). The proportions of division II isolates among blood stream and non-blood stream isolates were 14.9% and 7.6%, respectively (p = 0.081, ns). In total, 1.3% (n = 8) were non-susceptible to imipenem (MIC >2 mg/L); 4.3% (n = 2) among blood stream and 1% (n = 6) among non-blood stream isolates. All imipenem resistant isolates belonged to division II. Modal MICs (MIC range) were 0.064 mg/L (0.016 mg/L-2 mg/L) and 0.125 mg/L (0.064 mg/L-≥32 mg/L) for division I and II isolates, respectively.
Keywords	agar ; Bacteroides fragilis ; beta-lactamase ; blood flow ; Brucella ; computer software ; gene overexpression ; genes ; hospitals ; imipenem ; information systems ; minimum inhibitory concentration ; phenotype ; streams ; taxonomy ; Germany
Language	English
Dates of publication	2019-08
Size	p. 30-34.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1237621-8
ISSN	1075-9964
ISSN	1075-9964
DOI	10.1016/j.anaerobe.2019.01.011
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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