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Article: Editorial: Unravelling the Role of HERVs in Cancer: Insights and New Targets for Therapy.

Matteucci, Claudia / Balestrieri, Emanuela / Hurst, Tara Patricia / Magiorkinis, Gkikas / Strick, Reiner

2022 Volume 12, Page(s) 874245

Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-14
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	2649216-7
ISSN	2234-943X
ISSN	2234-943X
DOI	10.3389/fonc.2022.874245
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Article: Psychological factors associated with vaccination hesitancy: an observational study of patients hospitalized for COVID-19 in a later phase of the pandemic in Italy.

Comacchio, Carla / Cesco, Maddalena / Martinelli, Rosita / Garzitto, Marco / Bianchi, Rita / Innocente, Nicola / Sozio, Emanuela / Tascini, Carlo / Balestrieri, Matteo / Colizzi, Marco

Frontiers in psychiatry

2023 Volume 14, Page(s) 1272959

Abstract: Introduction: Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 has been used to reduce the severity of COVID-19 disease and the incidence of new cases. However, a significant proportion of people have shown vaccination hesitancy.: Methods: This study explored ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 has been used to reduce the severity of COVID-19 disease and the incidence of new cases. However, a significant proportion of people have shown vaccination hesitancy. Methods: This study explored psychological factors related to vaccination hesitancy in a sample of Italian COVID-19 patients ( Results: In our sample, 48.1% was not vaccinated and 7.4% died within 6months after hospitalization, with a preponderance of deaths among non-vaccinated patients. Non-vaccinated participants had higher resilience scores at the CD-RISC-10 scale than vaccinated ones (33.6 ± 5.50 vs 28.6 ± 6.61; t40.2=+ 2.94, Discussion: Higher levels of resilience among non-vaccinated patients may reflect greater identity worth and self-esteem, in turn resulting in a decrease in vaccination likelihood. This finding may have important public health implications, as it indicates that specific psychological aspects, such as resilience, may result in vaccination hesitancy, with implications for hospitalization rates, and thus healthcare costs, as well as loss of lives.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-19
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2564218-2
ISSN	1664-0640
ISSN	1664-0640
DOI	10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1272959
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Article: Multidistrict Host-Pathogen Interaction during COVID-19 and the Development Post-Infection Chronic Inflammation.

Fanelli, Marialaura / Petrone, Vita / Buonifacio, Margherita / Delibato, Elisabetta / Balestrieri, Emanuela / Grelli, Sandro / Minutolo, Antonella / Matteucci, Claudia

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 11, Issue 10

Abstract: Due to the presence of the ACE2 receptor in different tissues (nasopharynx, lung, nervous tissue, intestine, liver), the COVID-19 disease involves several organs in our bodies. SARS-CoV-2 is able to infect different cell types, spreading to different ... ...

Abstract	Due to the presence of the ACE2 receptor in different tissues (nasopharynx, lung, nervous tissue, intestine, liver), the COVID-19 disease involves several organs in our bodies. SARS-CoV-2 is able to infect different cell types, spreading to different districts. In the host, an uncontrolled and altered immunological response is triggered, leading to cytokine storm, lymphopenia, and cellular exhaustion. Hence, respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and systemic multi-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) are established. This scenario is also reflected in the composition of the microbiota, the balance of which is regulated by the interaction with the immune system. A change in microbial diversity has been demonstrated in COVID-19 patients compared with healthy donors, with an increase in potentially pathogenic microbial genera. In addition to other symptoms, particularly neurological, the occurrence of dysbiosis persists after the SARS-CoV-2 infection, characterizing the post-acute COVID syndrome. This review will describe and contextualize the role of the immune system in unbalance and dysbiosis during SARS-CoV-2 infection, from the acute phase to the post-COVID-19 phase. Considering the tight relationship between the immune system and the gut-brain axis, the analysis of new, multidistrict parameters should be aimed at understanding and addressing chronic multisystem dysfunction related to COVID-19.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-18
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2695572-6
ISSN	2076-0817
ISSN	2076-0817
DOI	10.3390/pathogens11101198
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Article ; Online: Thymosin α1 interacts with Galectin-1 modulating the β-galactosides affinity and inducing alteration in the biological activity.

Matteucci, Claudia / Nepravishta, Ridvan / Argaw-Denboba, Ayele / Mandaliti, Walter / Giovinazzo, Alessandro / Petrone, Vita / Balestrieri, Emanuela / Sinibaldi-Vallebona, Paola / Pica, Francesca / Paci, Maurizio / Garaci, Enrico

International immunopharmacology

2023 Volume 118, Page(s) 110113

Abstract: The study of mechanism of action of Thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1) and the basis of the pleiotropic effect in health and disease, is one of the main focus of our ongoing research. Tα1 is a thymic peptide that demonstrates a peculiar ability to restore ... ...

Abstract	The study of mechanism of action of Thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1) and the basis of the pleiotropic effect in health and disease, is one of the main focus of our ongoing research. Tα1 is a thymic peptide that demonstrates a peculiar ability to restore homeostasis in different physiological and pathological conditions (i.e., infections, cancer, immunodeficiency, vaccination, and aging) acting as multitasking protein depending on the host state of inflammation or immune dysfunction. However, few are the information about mechanisms of action mediated by specific Tα1-target protein interaction that could explain its pleiotropic effect. We investigated the interaction of Tα1 with Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a protein belonging to an oligosaccharide binding protein family involved in a variety of biological and pathological processes, including immunoregulation, infections, cancer progression and aggressiveness. Using molecular and cellular methodological approaches, we demonstrated the interaction between these two proteins. Tα1 specifically inhibited the hemagglutination activity of Gal-1, the Gal-1 dependent in vitro formation of endothelial cell tubular structures, and the migration of cancer cells in wound healing assay. Physico-chemical methods revealed the details of the molecular interaction of Tα1 with Gal-1. Hence, the study allowed the identification of the not known until now specific interaction between Tα1 and Gal-1, and unraveled a novel mechanism of action of Tα1 that could support understanding of its pleiotropic activity.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Thymalfasin ; Thymosin ; Galectin 1 ; Neoplasms
Chemical Substances	Thymalfasin (W0B22ISQ1C) ; Thymosin (61512-21-8) ; beta-galactoside ; Galectin 1 ; 1-nitrohydroxyphenyl-N-benzoylalanine (59921-69-6)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-05
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2043785-7
ISSN	1878-1705 ; 1567-5769
ISSN (online)	1878-1705
ISSN	1567-5769
DOI	10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110113
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Article ; Online: Epithelial ovarian cancer is infiltrated by activated effector T cells co-expressing CD39, PD-1, TIM-3, CD137 and interacting with cancer cells and myeloid cells.

Tassi, Elena / Bergamini, Alice / Wignall, Jessica / Sant'Angelo, Miriam / Brunetto, Emanuela / Balestrieri, Chiara / Redegalli, Miriam / Potenza, Alessia / Abbati, Danilo / Manfredi, Francesco / Cangi, Maria Giulia / Magliacane, Gilda / Scalisi, Fabiola / Ruggiero, Eliana / Maffia, Maria Chiara / Trippitelli, Federica / Rabaiotti, Emanuela / Cioffi, Raffaella / Bocciolone, Luca /

Candotti, Giorgio / Candiani, Massimo / Taccagni, Gianluca / Schultes, Birgit / Doglioni, Claudio / Mangili, Giorgia / Bonini, Chiara

Frontiers in immunology

2023 Volume 14, Page(s) 1212444

Abstract: Introduction: Despite predicted efficacy, immunotherapy in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) has limited clinical benefit and the prognosis of patients remains poor. There is thus a strong need for better identifying local immune dynamics and immune- ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Despite predicted efficacy, immunotherapy in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) has limited clinical benefit and the prognosis of patients remains poor. There is thus a strong need for better identifying local immune dynamics and immune-suppressive pathways limiting T-cell mediated anti-tumor immunity. Methods: In this observational study we analyzed by immunohistochemistry, gene expression profiling and flow cytometry the antigenic landscape and immune composition of 48 EOC specimens, with a focus on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Results: Activated T cells showing features of partial exhaustion with a CD137 Conclusion: These data demonstrate that EOC is enriched in CD137
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Female ; T-Lymphocytes ; Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 2/metabolism ; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/metabolism ; Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial/metabolism ; Leukocyte Common Antigens/metabolism ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Myeloid Cells/metabolism ; Tumor Microenvironment
Chemical Substances	Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 2 ; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor ; Leukocyte Common Antigens (EC 3.1.3.48)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-04
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Observational Study ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2606827-8
ISSN	1664-3224 ; 1664-3224
ISSN (online)	1664-3224
ISSN	1664-3224
DOI	10.3389/fimmu.2023.1212444
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Article: Antiretroviral Therapy in HTLV-1 Infection: An Updated Overview.

Marino-Merlo, Francesca / Balestrieri, Emanuela / Matteucci, Claudia / Mastino, Antonio / Grelli, Sandro / Macchi, Beatrice

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)

2020 Volume 9, Issue 5

Abstract: The human T cell leukemic/lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), discovered several years ago, is the causative agent for a rapid progressive haematological malignancy, adult T cell leukemia (ATL), for debilitating neurological diseases and for a number of ... ...

Abstract	The human T cell leukemic/lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), discovered several years ago, is the causative agent for a rapid progressive haematological malignancy, adult T cell leukemia (ATL), for debilitating neurological diseases and for a number of inflammatory based diseases. Although the heterogeneous features of the diseases caused by HTLV-1, a common topic concerning related therapeutic treatments relies on the use of antiretrovirals. This review will compare the different approaches and opinions in this matter, giving a concise overview of preclinical as well as clinical studies covering all the aspects of antiretrovirals in HTLV-1 infection. Studies will be grouped on the basis of the class of antiretroviral, putting together both pre-clinical and clinical results and generally following a chronological order. Analysis of the existing literature highlights that a number of preclinical studies clearly demonstrate that different classes of antiretrovirals, already utilized as anti-HIV agents, are actually capable to efficiently contrast HTLV-1 infection. Nevertheless, the results of most of the clinical studies are generally discouraging on the same point. In conclusion, the design of new antiretrovirals more specifically focused on HTLV-1 targets, and/or the establishment of early treatments with antiretrovirals could hopefully change the perspectives of diseases caused by HTLV-1.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-01
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2695572-6
ISSN	2076-0817
ISSN	2076-0817
DOI	10.3390/pathogens9050342
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Article ; Online: Human endogenous retroviruses role in cancer cell stemness.

Matteucci, Claudia / Balestrieri, Emanuela / Argaw-Denboba, Ayele / Sinibaldi-Vallebona, Paola

Seminars in cancer biology

2018 Volume 53, Page(s) 17–30

Abstract: Cancer incidence and mortality, metastasis, drug resistance and recurrence are still the critical issues of oncological diseases. In this scenario, increasing scientific evidences demonstrate that the activation of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) ... ...

Abstract	Cancer incidence and mortality, metastasis, drug resistance and recurrence are still the critical issues of oncological diseases. In this scenario, increasing scientific evidences demonstrate that the activation of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) is involved in the aggressiveness of tumors such as melanoma, breast, germ cell, renal, ovarian, liver and haematological cancers. In their dynamic regulation, HERVs have also proved to be important determinants of pluripotency in human embryonic stem cells (ESC) and of the reprogramming process of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). In many types of tumors, essential characteristics of aggressiveness have been associated with the achievement of stemness features, often accompanied with the identification of defined subpopulations, termed cancer stem cells (CSCs), which possess stem cell-like properties and sustain tumorigenesis. Indeed, CSCs show high self-renewal capacity with a peculiar potential in tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, heterogeneity, recurrence, radiotherapy and drug resistance. However, HERVs role in CSCs biology is still not fully elucidated. In this regard, CD133 is a widely recognized marker of CSCs, and our group demonstrated, for the first time, the requirement of HERV-K activation to expand and maintain a CD133+ melanoma cell subpopulation with stemness features in response to microenvironmental modifications. The review will discuss HERVs expression as cancer hallmark, with particular focus on their role in the regulation of cancer stemness features and the potential involvement as targets for therapy.
MeSH term(s)	Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics ; Embryonic Stem Cells/metabolism ; Embryonic Stem Cells/virology ; Endogenous Retroviruses/genetics ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Gene Expression Regulation, Viral ; Humans ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/metabolism ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/virology ; Neoplasms/genetics ; Neoplasms/pathology ; Neoplasms/virology ; Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism ; Virus Activation/genetics
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-10-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1033980-2
ISSN	1096-3650 ; 1044-579X
ISSN (online)	1096-3650
ISSN	1044-579X
DOI	10.1016/j.semcancer.2018.10.001
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Article ; Online: Persistence of circulating CD169+monocytes and HLA-DR downregulation underline the immune response impairment in PASC individuals: the potential contribution of different COVID-19 pandemic waves.

Fanelli, Marialaura / Petrone, Vita / Maracchioni, Christian / Chirico, Rossella / Cipriani, Chiara / Coppola, Luigi / Malagnino, Vincenzo / Teti, Elisabetta / Sorace, Chiara / Zordan, Marta / Vitale, Pietro / Iannetta, Marco / Balestrieri, Emanuela / Rasi, Guido / Grelli, Sandro / Malergue, Fabrice / Sarmati, Loredana / Minutolo, Antonella / Matteucci, Claudia

Current research in microbial sciences

2023 Volume 6, Page(s) 100215

Abstract: The use of CD169 as a marker of viral infection has been widely discussed in the context of COVID-19, and in particular, its crucial role in the early detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its association with the severity and clinical outcome of COVID- ... ...

Abstract	The use of CD169 as a marker of viral infection has been widely discussed in the context of COVID-19, and in particular, its crucial role in the early detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection and its association with the severity and clinical outcome of COVID-19 were demonstrated. COVID-19 patients show relevant systemic alteration and immunological dysfunction that persists in individuals with post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC). It is critical to implement the characterization of the disease, focusing also on the possible impact of the different COVID-19 waves and the consequent effects found after infection. On this basis, we evaluated by flow cytometry the expression of CD169 and HLA-DR on monocytes from COVID-19 patients and PASC individuals to better elucidate their involvement in immunological dysfunction, also evaluating the possible impact of different pandemic waves. The results confirm CD169 RMFI is a good marker of viral infection. Moreover, COVID-19 patients and PASC individuals showed high percentage of CD169+ monocytes, but low percentage of HLA-DR+ monocytes and the alteration of systemic inflammatory indices. We have also observed alterations of CD169 and HLA-DR expression and indices of inflammation upon different COVID-19 waves. The persistence of specific myeloid subpopulations suggests a role of CD169+ monocytes and HLA-DR in COVID-19 disease and chronic post-infection inflammation, opening new opportunities to evaluate the impact of specific pandemic waves on the immune response impairment and systemic alterations with the perspective to provide new tools to monitoring new variants and diseases associated to emerging respiratory viruses.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-12
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2666-5174
ISSN (online)	2666-5174
DOI	10.1016/j.crmicr.2023.100215
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Article ; Online: Antiretroviral Therapy in HTLV-1 Infection

Francesca Marino-Merlo / Emanuela Balestrieri / Claudia Matteucci / Antonio Mastino / Sandro Grelli / Beatrice Macchi

Pathogens, Vol 9, Iss 342, p

An Updated Overview

2020 Volume 342

Abstract	The human T cell leukemic/lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), discovered several years ago, is the causative agent for a rapid progressive haematological malignancy, adult T cell leukemia (ATL), for debilitating neurological diseases and for a number of inflammatory based diseases. Although the heterogeneous features of the diseases caused by HTLV-1, a common topic concerning related therapeutic treatments relies on the use of antiretrovirals. This review will compare the different approaches and opinions in this matter, giving a concise overview of preclinical as well as clinical studies covering all the aspects of antiretrovirals in HTLV-1 infection. Studies will be grouped on the basis of the class of antiretroviral, putting together both pre-clinical and clinical results and generally following a chronological order. Analysis of the existing literature highlights that a number of preclinical studies clearly demonstrate that different classes of antiretrovirals, already utilized as anti-HIV agents, are actually capable to efficiently contrast HTLV-1 infection. Nevertheless, the results of most of the clinical studies are generally discouraging on the same point. In conclusion, the design of new antiretrovirals more specifically focused on HTLV-1 targets, and/or the establishment of early treatments with antiretrovirals could hopefully change the perspectives of diseases caused by HTLV-1.
Keywords	HTLV-1 ; antiretrovirals ; HAM/TSP ; ATL ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Thymosin alpha 1 restores the immune homeostasis in lymphocytes during Post-Acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Minutolo, Antonella / Petrone, Vita / Fanelli, Marialaura / Maracchioni, Christian / Giudice, Martina / Teti, Elisabetta / Coppola, Luigi / Sorace, Chiara / Iannetta, Marco / Tony Miele, Martino / Bernardini, Sergio / Mastino, Antonio / Sinibaldi Vallebona, Paola / Balestrieri, Emanuela / Andreoni, Massimo / Sarmati, Loredana / Grelli, Sandro / Garaci, Enrico / Matteucci, Claudia

International immunopharmacology

2023 Volume 118, Page(s) 110055

Abstract: The complex alterations of the immune system and the immune-mediated multiorgan injury plays a key role in host response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and in the pathogenesis of COVID-19, being also associated with adverse outcomes. Thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1) is ... ...

Abstract	The complex alterations of the immune system and the immune-mediated multiorgan injury plays a key role in host response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and in the pathogenesis of COVID-19, being also associated with adverse outcomes. Thymosin alpha 1 (Tα1) is one of the molecules used in the treatment of COVID-19, as it is known to restore the homeostasis of the immune system during infections and cancer. The use of Tα1 in COVID-19 patients had been widely used in China and in COVID-19 patients, it has been shown to decrease hospitalization rate, especially in those with greater disease severity, and reduce mortality by restoring lymphocytopenia and more specifically, depleted T cells. Persistent dysregulation with depletion of naive B and T cell subpopulations and expansion of memory T cells suggest a chronic stimulation of the immune response in individuals with post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC). Our data obtained from an ex vivo study, showed that in PASC individuals with a chronically altered immune response, Tα1 improve the restoration of an appropriate response, most evident in those with more severe illness and who need respiratory support during acute phase, and in those with specific systemic and psychiatric symptoms of PASC, confirming Tα1 treatment being more effective in compromised patients. The results obtained, along with promising reports on recent trials on Tα1 administration in patients with COVID-19, offer new insights into intervention also for those patients with long-lasting inflammation with post-infectious symptoms, some of which have a delayed onset.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Thymalfasin/therapeutic use ; COVID-19 ; Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Lymphocytes ; Homeostasis ; Thymosin/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	Thymalfasin (W0B22ISQ1C) ; Thymosin (61512-21-8)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-22
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2043785-7
ISSN	1878-1705 ; 1567-5769
ISSN (online)	1878-1705
ISSN	1567-5769
DOI	10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110055
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