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  1. Article ; Online: Azapeptides -A History of Synthetic Milestones and Key Examples.

    Fan Cheng, Kai / VanPatten, Sonya / He, Mingzhu / Al-Abed, Yousef

    Current medicinal chemistry

    2022  Volume 29, Issue 42, Page(s) 6336–6358

    Abstract: For over 50 years of azapeptide synthetic techniques, developments have renewed the field of peptidomimetic therapeutics. Azapeptides are close surrogates of natural peptides: they contain a substitution of the amino acid α-carbon by a nitrogen atom. ... ...

    Abstract For over 50 years of azapeptide synthetic techniques, developments have renewed the field of peptidomimetic therapeutics. Azapeptides are close surrogates of natural peptides: they contain a substitution of the amino acid α-carbon by a nitrogen atom. Goserelin (1989) and Atazanavir (2003) are two well-known, FDA-approved azapeptide-based drugs for the treatment of cancers and HIV infection, providing evidence for the successful clinical implementation of this class of therapeutic. This review highlights the azapeptides in recent medicinal chemistry applications and synthetic milestones. We describe the current techniques for azapeptide bond formation by introducing azapeptide coupling reagents and chain elongation methods both in solution and solid-phase strategies.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Peptidomimetics ; Aza Compounds/chemistry ; Atazanavir Sulfate ; Goserelin ; HIV Infections ; Peptides/chemistry ; Amino Acids/chemistry ; Carbon ; Nitrogen
    Chemical Substances Peptidomimetics ; Aza Compounds ; Atazanavir Sulfate (4MT4VIE29P) ; Goserelin (0F65R8P09N) ; Peptides ; Amino Acids ; Carbon (7440-44-0) ; Nitrogen (N762921K75)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-05-11
    Publishing country United Arab Emirates
    Document type Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1319315-6
    ISSN 1875-533X ; 0929-8673
    ISSN (online) 1875-533X
    ISSN 0929-8673
    DOI 10.2174/0929867329666220510214402
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: High Mobility Group Box-1 (HMGb1): Current Wisdom and Advancement as a Potential Drug Target.

    VanPatten, Sonya / Al-Abed, Yousef

    Journal of medicinal chemistry

    2018  Volume 61, Issue 12, Page(s) 5093–5107

    Abstract: High mobility group box-1 (HMGb1) protein, a nuclear non-histone protein that is released or secreted from the cell in response to damage or stress, is a sentinel for the immune system that plays a critical role in cell survival/death pathways. This ... ...

    Abstract High mobility group box-1 (HMGb1) protein, a nuclear non-histone protein that is released or secreted from the cell in response to damage or stress, is a sentinel for the immune system that plays a critical role in cell survival/death pathways. This review highlights key features of the endogenous danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) protein, HMGb1 in the innate inflammatory response along with various cofactors and receptors that regulate its downstream effects. The evidence demonstrating increased levels of HMGb1 in human inflammatory diseases and conditions is presented, along with a summary of current small molecule or peptide-like antagonists proven to specifically target HMGb1. Additionally, we delineate the measures needed toward validating this protein as a clinically relevant biomarker or bioindicator and as a relevant drug target.
    MeSH term(s) Alarmins/immunology ; Alarmins/metabolism ; Biomarkers/analysis ; Biomarkers/metabolism ; HMGB1 Protein/antagonists & inhibitors ; HMGB1 Protein/metabolism ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate/drug effects ; Immunity, Innate/physiology ; Inflammation/immunology ; Inflammation/metabolism ; Molecular Targeted Therapy/methods ; Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Molecules/immunology ; Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Molecules/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Alarmins ; Biomarkers ; HMGB1 Protein ; HMGB1 protein, human ; Pathogen-Associated Molecular Pattern Molecules
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-01-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 218133-2
    ISSN 1520-4804 ; 0022-2623
    ISSN (online) 1520-4804
    ISSN 0022-2623
    DOI 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01136
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: SARS-CoV-2 and interferon blockade.

    Diamond, Betty / Volpe, Bruce T / VanPatten, Sonya / Al Abed, Yousef

    Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.)

    2020  Volume 26, Issue 1, Page(s) 103

    Abstract: The response to viral infection generally includes an activation of the adaptive immune response to produce cytotoxic T cells and neutralizing antibodies. We propose that SARS-CoV-2 activates the innate immune system through the renin-angiotensin and ... ...

    Abstract The response to viral infection generally includes an activation of the adaptive immune response to produce cytotoxic T cells and neutralizing antibodies. We propose that SARS-CoV-2 activates the innate immune system through the renin-angiotensin and kallikrein-bradykinin pathways, blocks interferon production and reduces an effective adaptive immune response. This model has therapeutic implications.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Betacoronavirus/immunology ; Bradykinin/metabolism ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/immunology ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Kallikreins/metabolism ; Models, Immunological ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/immunology ; Renin-Angiotensin System ; SARS-CoV-2
    Chemical Substances Kallikreins (EC 3.4.21.-) ; Bradykinin (S8TIM42R2W)
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-09
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1283676-x
    ISSN 1528-3658 ; 1076-1551
    ISSN (online) 1528-3658
    ISSN 1076-1551
    DOI 10.1186/s10020-020-00231-w
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: The challenges of modulating the 'rest and digest' system: acetylcholine receptors as drug targets.

    VanPatten, Sonya / Al-Abed, Yousef

    Drug discovery today

    2017  Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 97–104

    Abstract: Acetylcholine, a major neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems, was discovered in the early 1900s. Over the years, researchers have revealed much about its regulation, properties of its receptors and features of the ... ...

    Abstract Acetylcholine, a major neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems, was discovered in the early 1900s. Over the years, researchers have revealed much about its regulation, properties of its receptors and features of the downstream signaling that influence its terminal effects. The acetylcholine system, traditionally associated with neuromuscular communication, is now known to play a crucial part in modulation of the immune system and other 'rest and digest' effects. Recent research seeks to elucidate the system's role in brain functions including cognition, sleep, arousal, motivation, reward and pain. We highlight clinically approved and experimental drugs that modulate the acetylcholine receptors. The complexities in targeting the acetylcholine receptors are vast and finding future indications for drug development associated with specific acetylcholine receptors remains a challenge.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Review ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1324988-5
    ISSN 1878-5832 ; 1359-6446
    ISSN (online) 1878-5832
    ISSN 1359-6446
    DOI 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.09.011
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Mechanistic insights into high mobility group box-1 (HMGb1)-induced Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) dimer formation.

    Sun, Shan / He, Mingzhu / VanPatten, Sonya / Al-Abed, Yousef

    Journal of biomolecular structure & dynamics

    2018  Volume 37, Issue 14, Page(s) 3721–3730

    Abstract: Supplemental data for this article can be accessed here.High mobility group box-1 (HMGb1), an endogenous danger-associated molecular pattern protein (DAMP) whose extracellular release has been associated with sterile injury and various inflammatory ... ...

    Abstract Supplemental data for this article can be accessed here.High mobility group box-1 (HMGb1), an endogenous danger-associated molecular pattern protein (DAMP) whose extracellular release has been associated with sterile injury and various inflammatory diseases and conditions, has been shown to be a valuable clinical drug target. Elucidation of the specific interactions with the HMGb1 receptor, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and adaptor protein myeloid differentiation factor-2 (MD-2), will lead to more precisely targeted therapeutics. We sought to examine detailed interactions and dynamics of the HMGb1 A-box and B-box fragments, as well as the intact protein using
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Disulfides/metabolism ; HMGB1 Protein/chemistry ; HMGB1 Protein/metabolism ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Antigen 96/metabolism ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Molecular Dynamics Simulation ; Mutant Proteins/chemistry ; Mutant Proteins/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Multimerization ; Rats ; Toll-Like Receptor 4/chemistry ; Toll-Like Receptor 4/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Disulfides ; HMGB1 Protein ; LY96 protein, human ; Lymphocyte Antigen 96 ; Mutant Proteins ; Toll-Like Receptor 4
    Language English
    Publishing date 2018-12-10
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 49157-3
    ISSN 1538-0254 ; 0739-1102
    ISSN (online) 1538-0254
    ISSN 0739-1102
    DOI 10.1080/07391102.2018.1526712
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Rediscovering MIF: New Tricks for an Old Cytokine.

    Harris, James / VanPatten, Sonya / Deen, Nadia S / Al-Abed, Yousef / Morand, Eric F

    Trends in immunology

    2019  Volume 40, Issue 5, Page(s) 447–462

    Abstract: Produced by many cell types, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pleiotropic cytokine with critical and supporting roles in many disease states and conditions. Its disease associations, myriad functions, receptors, and downstream signaling ... ...

    Abstract Produced by many cell types, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a pleiotropic cytokine with critical and supporting roles in many disease states and conditions. Its disease associations, myriad functions, receptors, and downstream signaling have been the subject of considerable research, yet many questions remain. Moreover, the relevance of MIF's partially functionally redundant family member, D-dopachrome tautomerase (D-DT), also remains to be further characterized. Here, we discuss recent discoveries demonstrating direct roles of MIF in supporting NLR Family Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 (NRLP3) inflammasome activation, as well as acting as a molecular chaperone for intracellular proteins. These findings may offer new clues to understanding MIF's multiple functions, and assist the development of putative MIF-targeting therapeutics for a variety of pathologies.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Inflammasomes/immunology ; Intramolecular Oxidoreductases/biosynthesis ; Intramolecular Oxidoreductases/immunology ; Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors/biosynthesis ; Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors/immunology ; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/immunology
    Chemical Substances Inflammasomes ; Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors ; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein ; NLRP3 protein, human ; Intramolecular Oxidoreductases (EC 5.3.-) ; MIF protein, human (EC 5.3.2.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2019-04-05
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2036831-8
    ISSN 1471-4981 ; 1471-4906
    ISSN (online) 1471-4981
    ISSN 1471-4906
    DOI 10.1016/j.it.2019.03.002
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: SARS-CoV-2 and interferon blockade

    Diamond, Betty / Volpe, Bruce T / VanPatten, Sonya / Al Abed, Yousef

    Mol Med

    Abstract: The response to viral infection generally includes an activation of the adaptive immune response to produce cytotoxic T cells and neutralizing antibodies. We propose that SARS-CoV-2 activates the innate immune system through the renin-angiotensin and ... ...

    Abstract The response to viral infection generally includes an activation of the adaptive immune response to produce cytotoxic T cells and neutralizing antibodies. We propose that SARS-CoV-2 activates the innate immune system through the renin-angiotensin and kallikrein-bradykinin pathways, blocks interferon production and reduces an effective adaptive immune response. This model has therapeutic implications.
    Keywords covid19
    Publisher WHO
    Document type Article
    Note WHO #Covidence: #917917
    Database COVID19

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  8. Article ; Online: Evidence supporting the use of peptides and peptidomimetics as potential SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) therapeutics.

    VanPatten, Sonya / He, Mingzhu / Altiti, Ahmad / F Cheng, Kai / Ghanem, Mustafa H / Al-Abed, Yousef

    Future medicinal chemistry

    2020  Volume 12, Issue 18, Page(s) 1647–1656

    Abstract: During a disease outbreak/pandemic situation such as COVID-19, researchers are in a prime position to identify and develop peptide-based therapies, which could be more rapidly and cost-effectively advanced into a clinical setting. One drawback of natural ...

    Abstract During a disease outbreak/pandemic situation such as COVID-19, researchers are in a prime position to identify and develop peptide-based therapies, which could be more rapidly and cost-effectively advanced into a clinical setting. One drawback of natural peptide drugs, however, is their proteolytic instability; peptidomimetics can help to overcome this caveat. In this review, we summarize peptide and peptide-based therapeutics that target one main entry pathway of SARS-CoV-2, which involves the host ACE2 receptor and viral spike (S) protein interaction. Furthermore, we discuss the advantages of peptidomimetics and other potential targets that have been studied using peptide-based therapeutics for COVID-19.
    MeSH term(s) Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 ; Animals ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; COVID-19 ; Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Peptides/therapeutic use ; Peptidomimetics/therapeutic use ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/drug effects ; Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/drug effects ; Virus Internalization
    Chemical Substances Antiviral Agents ; Peptides ; Peptidomimetics ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus ; spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A (EC 3.4.15.1) ; ACE2 protein, human (EC 3.4.17.23) ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (EC 3.4.17.23)
    Keywords covid19
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-07-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 1756-8927
    ISSN (online) 1756-8927
    DOI 10.4155/fmc-2020-0180
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Multi-Drug Cocktail Therapy Improves Survival and Neurological Function after Asphyxial Cardiac Arrest in Rodents.

    Choudhary, Rishabh C / Shoaib, Muhammad / Hayashida, Kei / Yin, Tai / Miyara, Santiago J / d'Abramo, Cristina / Heuser, William G / Shinozaki, Koichiro / Kim, Nancy / Takegawa, Ryosuke / Nishikimi, Mitsuaki / Li, Timmy / Owens, Casey / Molmenti, Ernesto P / He, Mingzhu / Vanpatten, Sonya / Al-Abed, Yousef / Kim, Junhwan / Becker, Lance B

    Cells

    2023  Volume 12, Issue 11

    Abstract: Background: Cardiac arrest (CA) can lead to neuronal degeneration and death through various pathways, including oxidative, inflammatory, and metabolic stress. However, current neuroprotective drug therapies will typically target only one of these ... ...

    Abstract Background: Cardiac arrest (CA) can lead to neuronal degeneration and death through various pathways, including oxidative, inflammatory, and metabolic stress. However, current neuroprotective drug therapies will typically target only one of these pathways, and most single drug attempts to correct the multiple dysregulated metabolic pathways elicited following cardiac arrest have failed to demonstrate clear benefit. Many scientists have opined on the need for novel, multidimensional approaches to the multiple metabolic disturbances after cardiac arrest. In the current study, we have developed a therapeutic cocktail that includes ten drugs capable of targeting multiple pathways of ischemia-reperfusion injury after CA. We then evaluated its effectiveness in improving neurologically favorable survival through a randomized, blind, and placebo-controlled study in rats subjected to 12 min of asphyxial CA, a severe injury model.
    Results: 14 rats were given the cocktail and 14 received the vehicle after resuscitation. At 72 h post-resuscitation, the survival rate was 78.6% among cocktail-treated rats, which was significantly higher than the 28.6% survival rate among vehicle-treated rats (log-rank test;
    Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that, with its ability to target multiple damaging pathways, a multi-drug therapeutic cocktail offers promise both as a conceptual advance and as a specific multi-drug formulation capable of combatting neuronal degeneration and death following cardiac arrest. Clinical implementation of this therapy may improve neurologically favorable survival rates and neurological deficits in patients suffering from cardiac arrest.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Rats ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation/methods ; Heart Arrest/complications ; Heart Arrest/therapy ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rodentia
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-05
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2661518-6
    ISSN 2073-4409 ; 2073-4409
    ISSN (online) 2073-4409
    ISSN 2073-4409
    DOI 10.3390/cells12111548
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Multi-Drug Cocktail Therapy Improves Survival and Neurological Function after Asphyxial Cardiac Arrest in Rodents

    Rishabh C. Choudhary / Muhammad Shoaib / Kei Hayashida / Tai Yin / Santiago J. Miyara / Cristina d’Abramo / William G. Heuser / Koichiro Shinozaki / Nancy Kim / Ryosuke Takegawa / Mitsuaki Nishikimi / Timmy Li / Casey Owens / Ernesto P. Molmenti / Mingzhu He / Sonya Vanpatten / Yousef Al-Abed / Junhwan Kim / Lance B. Becker

    Cells, Vol 12, Iss 1548, p

    2023  Volume 1548

    Abstract: Background: Cardiac arrest (CA) can lead to neuronal degeneration and death through various pathways, including oxidative, inflammatory, and metabolic stress. However, current neuroprotective drug therapies will typically target only one of these ... ...

    Abstract Background: Cardiac arrest (CA) can lead to neuronal degeneration and death through various pathways, including oxidative, inflammatory, and metabolic stress. However, current neuroprotective drug therapies will typically target only one of these pathways, and most single drug attempts to correct the multiple dysregulated metabolic pathways elicited following cardiac arrest have failed to demonstrate clear benefit. Many scientists have opined on the need for novel, multidimensional approaches to the multiple metabolic disturbances after cardiac arrest. In the current study, we have developed a therapeutic cocktail that includes ten drugs capable of targeting multiple pathways of ischemia–reperfusion injury after CA. We then evaluated its effectiveness in improving neurologically favorable survival through a randomized, blind, and placebo-controlled study in rats subjected to 12 min of asphyxial CA, a severe injury model. Results: 14 rats were given the cocktail and 14 received the vehicle after resuscitation. At 72 h post-resuscitation, the survival rate was 78.6% among cocktail-treated rats, which was significantly higher than the 28.6% survival rate among vehicle-treated rats (log-rank test; p = 0.006). Moreover, in cocktail-treated rats, neurological deficit scores were also improved. These survival and neurological function data suggest that our multi-drug cocktail may be a potential post-CA therapy that deserves clinical translation. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that, with its ability to target multiple damaging pathways, a multi-drug therapeutic cocktail offers promise both as a conceptual advance and as a specific multi-drug formulation capable of combatting neuronal degeneration and death following cardiac arrest. Clinical implementation of this therapy may improve neurologically favorable survival rates and neurological deficits in patients suffering from cardiac arrest.
    Keywords brain injury ; cell death ; cardiac arrest ; cardiopulmonary resuscitation ; cardiopulmonary bypass resuscitation ; ischemic damage ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 610
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher MDPI AG
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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