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Article ; Online: Evaluation of Histomorphological Spectrum of Skin Lesions at a Teaching Institute in Agra

Chandrakanta / Pooja Nagayach / Lalit Kumar / Deepak Rawal / Prashant Singh / Harendra Kumar / Yatendra Chahar

Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, Vol 16, Iss 9, Pp 10-

A Cross-sectional Study

2022 Volume 15

Abstract: Introduction: The skin is the largest organ system in humans. Different skin diseases consist of non specific, non infectious and infectious diseases to various neoplastic lesions. Dermatological lesions are commonly encountered in all countries and it ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: The skin is the largest organ system in humans. Different skin diseases consist of non specific, non infectious and infectious diseases to various neoplastic lesions. Dermatological lesions are commonly encountered in all countries and it encompasses a wide spectrum, varies from country to country and various regions within a country and influenced by sex, age and associated systemic disorders, economy, literacy, racial and social customs. The clinical presentation is restricted to only a few changes such as hyperpigmentation, hypopigmentation, macules, papules, nodules and few others. However, the spectrum of histopathology of skin disorders is varied. Accurate diagnosis of skin disorders is of utmost importance as treatment is varied for different skin disorders presenting with the similar clinical lesions. Aim: To study histomorphological spectrum and distribution of skin lesions. Materials and Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Pathology in collaboration with Department of Skin and Venereal Diseases, Sarojini Naidu Medical College, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India, over a period of two years from September 2019 to August 2021. The biopsy sample taken from clinically diagnosed skin lesions sent to histology laboratory in 10% formalin. Sample was fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin over a period of 12 to 24 hours. Paraffin wax blocks were made and 3-4 micrometer sections were taken and stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stain and histology was studied under microscope. Special stains such as ZiehlNeelsen (Z-N) stain and Fite stain was done, whenever required. Data was entered in Microsoft Excel excel and descriptive data was obtained. Results: Out of total 105 cases, the maximum patients were of 21-30 years of age group 30 (28.57%) cases followed by 11- 20 years of age group 25 (23.81%) cases with male and female ratio M:F=1.5:1. Out of total 105 cases, the most common site involved was trunk in 42 (40%) cases followed by upper limb in 25 ...
Keywords	: genodermatoses ; non infectious ; papulosquamous ; pemphigus vulgaris ; tuberculosis ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	616
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Human metapneumovirus infection of airway epithelial cells is associated with changes in core metabolic pathways.

Zhao, Yanhua / Chahar, Harendra Singh / Komaravelli, Narayana / Dossumbekova, Anar / Casola, Antonella

Virology

2019 Volume 531, Page(s) 183–191

Abstract: Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is an important cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections in infants, elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Ingenuity pathway analysis of microarrays data showed that 20% of genes affected by hMPV infection of ... ...

Abstract	Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is an important cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections in infants, elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Ingenuity pathway analysis of microarrays data showed that 20% of genes affected by hMPV infection of airway epithelial cells (AECs) were related to metabolism. We found that levels of the glycolytic pathway enzymes hexokinase 2, pyruvate kinase M2, and lactate dehydrogenase A were significantly upregulated in normal human AECs upon hMPV infection, as well as levels of enzymes belonging to the hexosamine biosynthetic and glycosylation pathways. On the other hand, expression of the majority of the enzymes belonging to the tricarboxylic acid cycle was significantly diminished. Inhibition of hexokinase 2 and of the glycosylating enzyme O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase led to a significant reduction in hMPV titer, indicating that metabolic changes induced by hMPV infection play a major role during the virus life cycle, and could be explored as potential antiviral targets.
MeSH term(s)	Cell Line ; Epithelial Cells/metabolism ; Epithelial Cells/virology ; Glycolysis ; Hexosamines/biosynthesis ; Humans ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; Metapneumovirus/genetics ; Metapneumovirus/physiology ; Oxidative Phosphorylation ; Paramyxoviridae Infections/genetics ; Paramyxoviridae Infections/metabolism ; Paramyxoviridae Infections/physiopathology ; Paramyxoviridae Infections/virology ; Respiratory Mucosa/metabolism ; Respiratory Mucosa/virology ; Virus Replication
Chemical Substances	Hexosamines
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-03-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	200425-2
ISSN	1096-0341 ; 0042-6822
ISSN (online)	1096-0341
ISSN	0042-6822
DOI	10.1016/j.virol.2019.03.011
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Article ; Online: Exosomes and Their Role in the Life Cycle and Pathogenesis of RNA Viruses.

Chahar, Harendra Singh / Bao, Xiaoyong / Casola, Antonella

Viruses

2015 Volume 7, Issue 6, Page(s) 3204–3225

Abstract: Exosomes are membrane-enclosed vesicles actively released into the extracellular space, whose content reflect the physiological/pathological state of the cells they originate from. These vesicles participate in cell-to-cell communication and transfer of ... ...

Abstract	Exosomes are membrane-enclosed vesicles actively released into the extracellular space, whose content reflect the physiological/pathological state of the cells they originate from. These vesicles participate in cell-to-cell communication and transfer of biologically active proteins, lipids, and RNAs. Their role in viral infections is just beginning to be appreciated. RNA viruses are an important class of pathogens and affect millions of people worldwide. Recent studies on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV), and Dengue Virus (DENV) have demonstrated that exosomes released from infected cells harbor and deliver many regulatory factors including viral RNA and proteins, viral and cellular miRNA, and other host functional genetic elements to neighboring cells, helping to establish productive infections and modulating cellular responses. Exosomes can either spread or limit an infection depending on the type of pathogen and target cells, and can be exploited as candidates for development of antiviral or vaccine treatments. This review summarizes recent progress made in understanding the role of exosomes in RNA virus infections with an emphasis on their potential contribution to pathogenesis.
MeSH term(s)	Biological Transport ; Exosomes/metabolism ; Humans ; RNA Viruses/pathogenicity ; RNA Viruses/physiology ; RNA, Viral/metabolism ; Viral Proteins/metabolism
Chemical Substances	RNA, Viral ; Viral Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-06-19
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
ZDB-ID	2516098-9
ISSN	1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
ISSN (online)	1999-4915
ISSN	1999-4915
DOI	10.3390/v7062770
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Article ; Online: Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection Changes Cargo Composition of Exosome Released from Airway Epithelial Cells.

Chahar, Harendra Singh / Corsello, Tiziana / Kudlicki, Andrzej S / Komaravelli, Narayana / Casola, Antonella

Scientific reports

2018 Volume 8, Issue 1, Page(s) 387

Abstract: Exosomes are microvesicles known to carry biologically active molecules, including RNA, DNA and proteins. Viral infections can induce profound changes in exosome composition, and exosomes have been implicated in viral transmission and pathogenesis. No ... ...

Abstract	Exosomes are microvesicles known to carry biologically active molecules, including RNA, DNA and proteins. Viral infections can induce profound changes in exosome composition, and exosomes have been implicated in viral transmission and pathogenesis. No information is current available regarding exosome composition and function during infection with Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), the most important cause of lower respiratory tract infections in children. In this study, we characterized exosomes released from RSV-infected lung carcinoma-derived A549 cells. RNA deep sequencing revealed that RSV exosomes contain a diverse range of RNA species like messenger and ribosomal RNA fragments, as well as small noncoding RNAs, in a proportion different from exosomes isolated from mock-infected cells. We observed that both RNA and protein signatures of RSV were present in exosomes, however, they were not able to establish productive infection in uninfected cells. Exosomes isolated from RSV-infected cells were able to activate innate immune response by inducing cytokine and chemokine release from human monocytes and airway epithelial cells. These data suggest that exosomes may play an important role in pathogenesis or protection against disease, therefore understating their role in RSV infection may open new avenues for target identification and development of novel therapeutics.
MeSH term(s)	A549 Cells ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Epithelial Cells/cytology ; Epithelial Cells/immunology ; Exosomes/genetics ; Exosomes/immunology ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing/methods ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Models, Biological ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/genetics ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/immunology ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/virology ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human/genetics ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human/immunology ; Respiratory System/cytology ; Respiratory System/immunology ; Sequence Analysis, RNA/methods
Chemical Substances	Cytokines
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-01-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2615211-3
ISSN	2045-2322 ; 2045-2322
ISSN (online)	2045-2322
ISSN	2045-2322
DOI	10.1038/s41598-017-18672-5
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Exosomes and Their Role in the Life Cycle and Pathogenesis of RNA Viruses

Harendra Singh Chahar / Xiaoyong Bao / Antonella Casola

Viruses, Vol 7, Iss 6, Pp 3204-

2015 Volume 3225

Abstract	Exosomes are membrane-enclosed vesicles actively released into the extracellular space, whose content reflect the physiological/pathological state of the cells they originate from. These vesicles participate in cell-to-cell communication and transfer of biologically active proteins, lipids, and RNAs. Their role in viral infections is just beginning to be appreciated. RNA viruses are an important class of pathogens and affect millions of people worldwide. Recent studies on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV), and Dengue Virus (DENV) have demonstrated that exosomes released from infected cells harbor and deliver many regulatory factors including viral RNA and proteins, viral and cellular miRNA, and other host functional genetic elements to neighboring cells, helping to establish productive infections and modulating cellular responses. Exosomes can either spread or limit an infection depending on the type of pathogen and target cells, and can be exploited as candidates for development of antiviral or vaccine treatments. This review summarizes recent progress made in understanding the role of exosomes in RNA virus infections with an emphasis on their potential contribution to pathogenesis.
Keywords	exosomes ; microvesicles ; RNA virus ; pathogenesis ; miRNA ; infection ; Microbiology ; QR1-502 ; Science ; Q
Subject code	570
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article: Diagnosis of influenza viruses with special reference to novel H1N1 2009 influenza virus.

Broor, Shobha / Chahar, Harendra Singh / Kaushik, Samander

Indian journal of microbiology

2010 Volume 49, Issue 4, Page(s) 301–307

Abstract: On 15 April and 17 April 2009, novel swineorigin influenza A (H1N1) virus was identifi ed in specimens obtained from two epidemiologically unlinked patients in the United States. The ongoing outbreak of novel H1N1 2009 influenza (swine influenza) has ... ...

Abstract	On 15 April and 17 April 2009, novel swineorigin influenza A (H1N1) virus was identifi ed in specimens obtained from two epidemiologically unlinked patients in the United States. The ongoing outbreak of novel H1N1 2009 influenza (swine influenza) has caused more than 3,99,232 laboratory confi rmed cases of pandemic influenza H1N1 and over 4735 deaths globally. This novel 2009 influenza virus designated as H1N1 A/swine/California/04/2009 virus is not zoonotic swine flu and is transmitted from person to person and has higher transmissibility then that of seasonal influenza viruses. In India the novel H1N1 virus infection has been reported from all over the country. A total of 68,919 samples from clinically suspected persons have been tested for influenza A H1N1 across the country and 13,330 (18.9%) of them have been found positive with 427 deaths. At the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi India, we tested 1096 clinical samples for the presence of novel H1N1 influenza virus and seasonal influenza viruses. Of these 1096 samples, 194 samples (17.7%) were positive for novel H1N1 influenza virus and 197 samples (18%) were positive for seasonal influenza viruses. During outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases accurate and rapid diagnosis is critical for minimizing further spread through timely implementation of appropriate vaccines and antiviral treatment. Since the symptoms of novel H1N1 influenza infection are not specifi c, laboratory confi rmation of suspected cases is of prime importance.
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-01-07
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	413422-9
ISSN	0973-7715 ; 0046-8991
ISSN (online)	0973-7715
ISSN	0046-8991
DOI	10.1007/s12088-009-0054-5
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Article ; Online: Characterization of programmed death-1 homologue-1 (PD-1H) expression and function in normal and HIV infected individuals.

Bharaj, Preeti / Chahar, Harendra Singh / Alozie, Ogechika K / Rodarte, Lizette / Bansal, Anju / Goepfert, Paul A / Dwivedi, Alok / Manjunath, N / Shankar, Premlata

PloS one

2014 Volume 9, Issue 10, Page(s) e109103

Abstract: Chronic immune activation that persists despite anti-retroviral therapy (ART) is the strongest predictor of disease progression in HIV infection. Monocyte/macrophages in HIV-infected individuals are known to spontaneously secrete cytokines, although ... ...

Abstract	Chronic immune activation that persists despite anti-retroviral therapy (ART) is the strongest predictor of disease progression in HIV infection. Monocyte/macrophages in HIV-infected individuals are known to spontaneously secrete cytokines, although neither the mechanism nor the molecules involved are known. Here we show that overexpression of the newly described co-stimulatory molecule, PD1 homologue (PD-1H) in human monocyte/macrophages is sufficient to induce spontaneous secretion of multiple cytokines. The process requires signaling via PD-1H as cytokine secretion could be abrogated by deletion of the cytoplasmic domain. Such overexpression of PD-1H, associated with spontaneous cytokine expression is seen in monocytes from chronically HIV-infected individuals and this correlates with immune activation and CD4 depletion, but not viral load. Moreover, antigen presentation by PD-1H-overexpressing monocytes results in enhanced cytokine secretion by HIV-specific T cells. These results suggest that PD-1H might play a crucial role in modulating immune activation and immune response in HIV infection.
MeSH term(s)	B7 Antigens/metabolism ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism ; Cytokines/metabolism ; HIV Infections/immunology ; HIV Infections/metabolism ; Humans ; Macrophages/immunology ; Macrophages/metabolism ; Monocytes/immunology ; Monocytes/metabolism ; Viral Load/immunology
Chemical Substances	B7 Antigens ; Cytokines ; VSIR protein, human
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-10-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ISSN	1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0109103
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: The evolution of dengue over a decade in Delhi, India.

Pandey, Anubhav / Diddi, Kavita / Dar, Lalit / Bharaj, Preeti / Chahar, Harendra Singh / Guleria, Randeep / Kabra, Sushil K / Broor, Shobha

Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology

2007 Volume 40, Issue 1, Page(s) 87–88

MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; Child ; Dengue Virus/immunology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; Humans ; India/epidemiology ; Male ; Severe Dengue/epidemiology ; Severe Dengue/virology
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Viral
Language	English
Publishing date	2007-09
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Letter
ZDB-ID	1446080-4
ISSN	1873-5967 ; 1386-6532
ISSN (online)	1873-5967
ISSN	1386-6532
DOI	10.1016/j.jcv.2007.05.011
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Article ; Online: Characterization of programmed death-1 homologue-1 (PD-1H) expression and function in normal and HIV infected individuals.

Preeti Bharaj / Harendra Singh Chahar / Ogechika K Alozie / Lizette Rodarte / Anju Bansal / Paul A Goepfert / Alok Dwivedi / N Manjunath / Premlata Shankar

PLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 10, p e

2014 Volume 109103

Abstract	Chronic immune activation that persists despite anti-retroviral therapy (ART) is the strongest predictor of disease progression in HIV infection. Monocyte/macrophages in HIV-infected individuals are known to spontaneously secrete cytokines, although neither the mechanism nor the molecules involved are known. Here we show that overexpression of the newly described co-stimulatory molecule, PD1 homologue (PD-1H) in human monocyte/macrophages is sufficient to induce spontaneous secretion of multiple cytokines. The process requires signaling via PD-1H as cytokine secretion could be abrogated by deletion of the cytoplasmic domain. Such overexpression of PD-1H, associated with spontaneous cytokine expression is seen in monocytes from chronically HIV-infected individuals and this correlates with immune activation and CD4 depletion, but not viral load. Moreover, antigen presentation by PD-1H-overexpressing monocytes results in enhanced cytokine secretion by HIV-specific T cells. These results suggest that PD-1H might play a crucial role in modulating immune activation and immune response in HIV infection.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	570
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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