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Article: Evaluation of the PrimeFlow RNA assay as a method of detection of SARS-CoV-2 single and dual Infections.

Falkenberg, Shollie M / Buckley, Alexa / Boggiatto, Paola

2023 Volume 76, Issue 2, Page(s) 191–196

Abstract: Given the implications of increased transmissibility, virulence, host range, and immune escapes of emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2, developing in vitro models that allow for detection of variants and differences in infection dynamics is important. The ... ...

Abstract	Given the implications of increased transmissibility, virulence, host range, and immune escapes of emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2, developing in vitro models that allow for detection of variants and differences in infection dynamics is important. The objective of this study, was to evaluate the PrimeFlow RNA in-situ assay as a method of detection for multiple strains of SARS-CoV-2. Evaluation of detection and infection statuses included single infections with an Alpha, Delta, or Omicron variants and dual infections with Alpha/Omicron or Delta/Omicron. RNA probes specific for the Spike protein coding region, were designed (omicron or non-omicron specific). SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in greater frequency in the Vero E6 and minimally in the fetal deer testicle cell lines by flow cytometry using this approach for viral detection of multiple variants. Most evident in the Vero E6 cells, 24 h post infection both Alpha and Delta predominated over Omicron in dual infections. This is the first report using the PrimeFlow assay for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 at the single-cell level and as a potential model for competition of variants utilizing infection dynamics in cell culture.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-11-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1035772-5
ISSN	0920-9069
ISSN	0920-9069
DOI	10.1007/s10616-023-00608-9
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Effects of concurrent administration of modified live viral vaccines with RB51 on immune responses to RB51.

Crawford, Lauren / Falkenberg, Shollie / Putz, Ellie Jordan / Olsen, Steven / Boggiatto, Paola M

Frontiers in veterinary science

2023 Volume 10, Page(s) 1105485

Abstract: ... Brucella ... ...

Abstract	Brucella abortus
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-16
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2834243-4
ISSN	2297-1769
ISSN	2297-1769
DOI	10.3389/fvets.2023.1105485
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Experimental Senecavirus A Infection of Bovine Cell Lines and Colostrum-Deprived Calves.

Buckley, Alexandra / Crawford, Lauren / Hoffman, Kyle / Falkenberg, Shollie

Viruses

2022 Volume 14, Issue 12

Abstract: Senecavirus A (SVA) is a causative agent for vesicular disease in swine, which is clinically indistinguishable from other vesicular diseases of swine including foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). Recently, it was reported that buffalo in Guangdong, China were ... ...

Abstract	Senecavirus A (SVA) is a causative agent for vesicular disease in swine, which is clinically indistinguishable from other vesicular diseases of swine including foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). Recently, it was reported that buffalo in Guangdong, China were experiencing clinical symptoms similar to FMD including mouth ulcers and lameness tested positive for SVA. The objective of this study was to determine the susceptibility of cattle (
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Pregnancy ; Cattle ; Animals ; Swine ; Picornaviridae Infections ; Swine Diseases ; Colostrum ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; Picornaviridae ; Foot-and-Mouth Disease ; Cell Line
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-16
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	2516098-9
ISSN	1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
ISSN (online)	1999-4915
ISSN	1999-4915
DOI	10.3390/v14122809
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Theileria orientalis

Iduu, Nneka / Barua, Subarna / Falkenberg, Shollie / Armstrong, Chance / Stockler, Jenna Workman / Moye, Annie / Walz, Paul H / Wang, Chengming

Veterinary sciences

2023 Volume 10, Issue 11

Abstract: Theileria ... ...

Abstract	Theileria orientalis
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-30
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2768971-2
ISSN	2306-7381 ; 2306-7381
ISSN (online)	2306-7381
ISSN	2306-7381
DOI	10.3390/vetsci10110638
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Article ; Online: Transcriptomic profiles of Mannheimia haemolytica planktonic and biofilm associated cells.

Ma, Hao / Alt, David P / Falkenberg, Shollie M / Briggs, Robert E / Tatum, Fred M / Clawson, Michael L / Casas, Eduardo / Dassanayake, Rohana P

PloS one

2024 Volume 19, Issue 2, Page(s) e0297692

Abstract: Mannheimia haemolytica is the principal agent contributing to bovine respiratory disease and can form biofilms with increased resistance to antibiotic treatment and host immune defenses. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying M. haemolytica ... ...

Abstract	Mannheimia haemolytica is the principal agent contributing to bovine respiratory disease and can form biofilms with increased resistance to antibiotic treatment and host immune defenses. To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying M. haemolytica biofilm formation, transcriptomic analyses were performed with mRNAs sequenced from planktonic and biofilm cultures of pathogenic serotypes 1 (St 1; strain D153) and St 6 (strain D174), and St 2 (strain D35). The three M. haemolytica serotypes were cultured in two different media, Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640 and brain heart infusion (BHI) to form the biofilms. Transcriptomic analyses revealed that the functions of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in biofilm associated cells were not significantly affected by the two media. A total of 476 to 662 DEGs were identified between biofilm associated cells and planktonic cells cultured under BHI medium. Functional analysis of the DEGs indicated that those genes were significantly enriched in translation and many biosynthetic processes. There were 234 DEGs identified in St 1 and 6, but not in St 2. The functions of the DEGs included structural constituents of ribosomes, transmembrane proton transportation, proton channels, and proton-transporting ATP synthase. Potentially, some of the DEGs identified in this study provide insight into the design of new M. haemolytica vaccine candidates.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cattle ; Mannheimia haemolytica/genetics ; Plankton/genetics ; Protons ; Biofilms ; Cattle Diseases ; Gene Expression Profiling
Chemical Substances	Protons
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0297692
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Article ; Online: Response to Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus in Heifers Vaccinated with a Combination of Multivalent Modified Live and Inactivated Viral Vaccines.

Falkenberg, Shollie M / Dassanayake, Rohana P / Crawford, Lauren / Sarlo Davila, Kaitlyn / Boggiatto, Paola

Viruses

2023 Volume 15, Issue 3

Abstract: Bovine viral vaccines contain both live or inactivated/killed formulations, but few studies have evaluated the impact of vaccinating with either live or killed antigens and re-vaccinating with the reciprocal. Commercial dairy heifers were utilized for ... ...

Abstract	Bovine viral vaccines contain both live or inactivated/killed formulations, but few studies have evaluated the impact of vaccinating with either live or killed antigens and re-vaccinating with the reciprocal. Commercial dairy heifers were utilized for the study and randomly assigned to three treatment groups. Treatment groups received a commercially available modified-live viral (MLV) vaccine containing BVDV and were revaccinated with a commercially available killed viral (KV) vaccine containing BVDV, another group received the same KV vaccine and was revaccinated with the same MLV vaccine, and yet another group served as negative controls and did not receive any viral vaccines. Heifers in KV/MLV had higher virus neutralizing titers (VNT) at the end of the vaccination period than heifers in MLV/KV and control groups. The frequency of IFN-γ mRNA positive CD4+, CD8+, and CD335+ populations, as well as increased mean fluorescent intensity of CD25+ cells was increased for the MLV/KV heifers as compared to KV/MLV and controls. The data from this study would suggest that differences in initial antigen presentation such as live versus killed could augment CMI and humoral responses and could be useful in determining vaccination programs for optimizing protective responses, which is critical for promoting lifetime immunity.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Animals ; Cattle ; Vaccines, Inactivated ; Antibodies, Viral ; Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease ; Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral ; Viral Vaccines ; Diarrhea
Chemical Substances	Vaccines, Inactivated ; Antibodies, Viral ; Viral Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-08
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	2516098-9
ISSN	1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
ISSN (online)	1999-4915
ISSN	1999-4915
DOI	10.3390/v15030703
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Article ; Online: Effects of concurrent administration of modified live viral vaccines with RB51 on immune responses to RB51

Lauren Crawford / Shollie Falkenberg / Ellie Jordan Putz / Steven Olsen / Paola M. Boggiatto

Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Vol

2023 Volume 10

Abstract: Brucella abortus is a gram negative, zoonotic pathogen that can cause abortions and stillbirths in the cattle industry and has contributed to significant economic losses to cow-calf producers. Cell mediated immunity (CMI) is an important component of the ...

Abstract	Brucella abortus is a gram negative, zoonotic pathogen that can cause abortions and stillbirths in the cattle industry and has contributed to significant economic losses to cow-calf producers. Cell mediated immunity (CMI) is an important component of the immune response associated with protection against Brucella abortus and other intracellular pathogens. Brucellosis and viral modified live vaccines (vMLV) are licensed individually but may be used concurrently under field conditions. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from non-vaccinated cattle and cattle vaccinated with either Brucella abortus strain RB51, a vMLV or both RB51 and a vMLV vaccine were isolated. The frequency of CD4+, CD8+ and γδ+ T cell populations within PBMC, and the frequency of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) production within these cell types was characterized via flow-cytometry. The goal of this study was to characterize immune responses to RB51 vaccination and determine the effect of concurrent vaccine administration. Although immune responses were greatest in PBMC from cattle vaccinated with only RB51, cattle vaccinated with both RB51 and vMLV demonstrated measurable T cell responses associated with protective immunity. Data suggests a lack of significant biological differences between the groups in protective immune responses. Collectively, our data demonstrated a lack of vaccine interference following concurrent administration of vMLV and RB51. Although concurrent administration of individually licensed vaccines may influence immune responses and contribute to vaccine interference, potential vaccine combinations should be evaluated for biological effects.
Keywords	ruminant immunology ; livestock vaccination ; T helper 1 (IFN-γ) ; modified live vaccine (MLV) ; cell mediated immunity (CMI) ; Veterinary medicine ; SF600-1100
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Development and Evaluation of Antigen-Specific Dual Matrix

Arruda, Bailey L / Falkenberg, Shollie / Mora-Díaz, Juan-Carlos / Matias Ferreyra, Franco S / Magtoto, Ronaldo / Giménez-Lirola, Luis

Journal of clinical microbiology

2022 Volume 60, Issue 11, Page(s) e0069722

Abstract: Pestivirus ... ...

Abstract	Pestivirus K
MeSH term(s)	Swine ; Animals ; Pestivirus/genetics ; Pestivirus Infections/diagnosis ; Pestivirus Infections/veterinary ; Swine Diseases/diagnosis ; Phylogeny ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	390499-4
ISSN	1098-660X ; 0095-1137
ISSN (online)	1098-660X
ISSN	0095-1137
DOI	10.1128/jcm.00697-22
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Article ; Online: Multivariate analysis reveals that BVDV field isolates do not show a close VN-based antigenic relationship to US vaccine strains.

Mosena, Ana Cristina S / Ma, Hao / Casas, Eduardo / Dassanayake, Rohana P / Canal, Cláudio W / Neill, John D / Falkenberg, Shollie M

BMC research notes

2023 Volume 16, Issue 1, Page(s) 121

Abstract: Objective: Evaluate bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) antigenicity by using virus neutralization titers (VNT) analyzed using the principal component analysis (PCA) from antisera generated against US-based vaccine strains against both US-origin field ... ...

Abstract	Objective: Evaluate bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) antigenicity by using virus neutralization titers (VNT) analyzed using the principal component analysis (PCA) from antisera generated against US-based vaccine strains against both US-origin field isolates and non-US-origin field isolates. Results: Data from both independent analyses demonstrated that several US-origin and non-US-origin BVDV field isolates appear to be antigenically divergent from the US-based vaccine strains. Results from the combined analysis provided greater insight into the antigenic diversity observed among BVDV isolates. Data from this study further support genetic assignment into BVDV subgenotypes, as well as strains within subgenotypes is not representative of antigenic relatedness. PCA highlights isolates that are antigenically divergent from members of the same species and subgenotype and conversely isolates that belong to different subgenotypes have similar antigenic characteristics when using antisera from US-based vaccine isolates.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cattle ; Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease ; Genotype ; Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral/genetics ; Vaccines ; Immune Sera ; Multivariate Analysis ; Phylogeny
Chemical Substances	Vaccines ; Immune Sera
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-26
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2413336-X
ISSN	1756-0500 ; 1756-0500
ISSN (online)	1756-0500
ISSN	1756-0500
DOI	10.1186/s13104-023-06410-2
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Article: A Serosurvey for Ruminant Pestivirus Exposure Conducted Using Sera From Stray Mexico Origin Cattle Captured Crossing Into Southern Texas.

Falkenberg, Shollie M / Bauermann, Fernando V / Scoles, Glen A / Bonilla, Denise / Dassanayake, Rohana P

Frontiers in veterinary science

2022 Volume 9, Page(s) 821247

Abstract: The US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Animal Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), Cattle Fever Tick Eradication Program (CFTEP) monitor a quarantine zone along the Texas border to prevent the introduction of stray livestock carrying cattle fever ... ...

Abstract	The US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Animal Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), Cattle Fever Tick Eradication Program (CFTEP) monitor a quarantine zone along the Texas border to prevent the introduction of stray livestock carrying cattle fever ticks entering the United States from Mexico. Stray cattle collected by CFTEP are checked for ticks and several infectious disease-causing pathogens, but not for bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). BVDV is one of the most economically impactful viruses affecting US cattle producers. BVDV is present in all parts of the world, but it has been demonstrated that another distantly related pestivirus, HoBi-like pestivirus (HoBiPev), can also cause BVD. To date, HoBiPev has not been detected in the United States, but is commonly found in Brazil, and sporadically in Europe and Asia. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of pestiviruses, with a specific focus on HoBiPev, in stray cattle. Virus neutralization (VN) assay was used to determine seroprevalence (or antibody titers) of BVDV-1, BVDV-2, and HoBiPev. Approximately 50% (67 of 134) of the samples were seropositive for pestiviruses; all 67 positive samples were positive (50%) for BVDV-1, 66 samples of the 67 were positive (49.3%) for BVDV-2, and the same 66 samples of the 67 were also positive (49.3%) for HoBiPev. Due to the antigenic cross-reactivity among Pestiviruses, the comparative antibody against each pestivirus was calculated from all VN-positive samples. Titers were clearly higher against BVDV-1, and only one sample had a titer clearly higher against BVDV-2. No sample had an antibody titer higher for HoBiPev, and while this does not prove the absence of HoBiPev, it does provide evidence that the prevalence of HoBiPev is less predominant than BVDV-1. Additionally, data from these samples provide evidence on the susceptibility of animals that may enter into the United States, with ~50% of the animals seronegative for bovine pestiviruses. This cattle population provides a unique opportunity to evaluate and monitor changes in seroprevalence of economically important cattle diseases affecting the cattle industry.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-15
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2834243-4
ISSN	2297-1769
ISSN	2297-1769
DOI	10.3389/fvets.2022.821247
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