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  1. Article ; Online: Experimental semiotics: a new approach for studying communication as a form of joint action.

    Galantucci, Bruno

    Topics in cognitive science

    2014  Volume 1, Issue 2, Page(s) 393–410

    Abstract: In the last few years, researchers have begun to investigate the emergence of novel forms of human communication in the laboratory. I survey this growing line of research, which may be called experimental semiotics, from three distinct angles. First, I ... ...

    Abstract In the last few years, researchers have begun to investigate the emergence of novel forms of human communication in the laboratory. I survey this growing line of research, which may be called experimental semiotics, from three distinct angles. First, I situate the new approach in its theoretical and historical context. Second, I review a sample of studies that exemplify experimental semiotics. Third, I present an empirical study that illustrates how the new approach can help us understand the socio-cognitive underpinnings of human communication. The main conclusion of the paper will be that, by reproducing micro samples of historical processes in the laboratory, experimental semiotics offers new powerful tools for investigating human communication as a form of joint action.
    MeSH term(s) Cognition/physiology ; Communication ; Comprehension ; Cooperative Behavior ; Humans ; Research ; Social Behavior
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-08-27
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2482883-X
    ISSN 1756-8765 ; 1756-8757
    ISSN (online) 1756-8765
    ISSN 1756-8757
    DOI 10.1111/j.1756-8765.2009.01027.x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: The cultural approach to language is ripe, let us expand our options to test it empirically. Commentary on "Modeling the cultural evolution of language" by Luc Steels.

    Galantucci, Bruno

    Physics of life reviews

    2011  Volume 8, Issue 4, Page(s) 363–364

    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cultural Evolution ; Humans ; Language ; Models, Theoretical
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-12
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Comment ; Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 2148883-6
    ISSN 1873-1457 ; 1571-0645
    ISSN (online) 1873-1457
    ISSN 1571-0645
    DOI 10.1016/j.plrev.2011.10.013
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Repair Avoidance: When Faithful Informational Exchanges Don't Matter That Much.

    Galantucci, Bruno / Langstein, Benjamin / Spivack, Eliyahu / Paley, Nathaniel

    Cognitive science

    2020  Volume 44, Issue 10, Page(s) e12882

    Abstract: Common-sense intuition suggests that, when people are engaged in informational exchanges, they communicate so as to be reasonably sure that they perform the exchanges faithfully. Over the years, we have found evidence suggesting that this intuition, ... ...

    Abstract Common-sense intuition suggests that, when people are engaged in informational exchanges, they communicate so as to be reasonably sure that they perform the exchanges faithfully. Over the years, we have found evidence suggesting that this intuition, which is woven into several influential theories of human communication, may be misleading. We first summarize this evidence and discuss its potential limitations. Then, we present a new study that addresses the potential limitations. A confederate instructed participants to "pick up the skask" from a tray containing six objects and move it to a specific location. Since skask is a non-word invented by us, participants had to ask for clarification to perform the instruction faithfully. In contradiction with the intuition that people pursue faithfulness when engaged in informational exchanges, 29 of the 48 participants we tested performed the instruction without asking for clarification. We identified a possible cause for this behavior, which occurred more frequently when avoiding the clarification was unlikely to result in an overt consequence (an error in the execution of the instruction that could be noticed by the confederate or the experimenter). Other factors such as individual differences and the specific interpersonal dynamics of the experimental settings, if they played a role at all, did it to an extent that is unlikely to be comparable to that of the role played by overt consequences. Considered together, our various assessments of the extent to which people engage in faithful informational exchanges converge on a simple conclusion: Communicating faithfully is a substantially demanding task, and people often fail at it. We discuss the implications of this conclusion and speculate on its relevance for understanding the evolutionary past of human communication.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Avoidance Learning ; Communication ; Comprehension ; Female ; Humans ; Male
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-10-12
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2002940-8
    ISSN 1551-6709 ; 0364-0213
    ISSN (online) 1551-6709
    ISSN 0364-0213
    DOI 10.1111/cogs.12882
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  4. Article ; Online: Do we notice when communication goes awry? An investigation of people's sensitivity to coherence in spontaneous conversation.

    Galantucci, Bruno / Roberts, Gareth

    PloS one

    2014  Volume 9, Issue 7, Page(s) e103182

    Abstract: In the dominant theoretical framework, human communication is modeled as the faithful transmission of information. This implies that when people are involved in communicational exchanges, they should be sensitive to the success with which information is ... ...

    Abstract In the dominant theoretical framework, human communication is modeled as the faithful transmission of information. This implies that when people are involved in communicational exchanges, they should be sensitive to the success with which information is transmitted, easily detecting when conversations lack coherence. The expectation that humans are good at detecting conversational incoherence is in line with common intuition, but there are several reasons to suspect that it might be unrealistic. First, similar intuitions have been shown to be unrealistic for a number of psychological processes. Second, faithful information transmission may conflict with other conversational goals. Third, mechanisms supporting information transmission may themselves lead to cases of incoherence being missed. To ascertain the extent to which people are insensitive to patches of serious conversational incoherence, we generated such patches in the laboratory by repeatedly crossing two unrelated conversations. Across two studies, involving both narrowly and broadly focused conversations, between 27% and 42% of the conversants did not notice that their conversations had been crossed. The results of these studies suggest that it may indeed be unrealistic to model spontaneous conversation as faithful information transmission. Rather, our results are more consistent with models of communication that view it as involving noisy and error-prone inferential processes, serving multiple independent goals.
    MeSH term(s) Communication ; Humans ; Models, Theoretical
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-07-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ISSN 1932-6203
    ISSN (online) 1932-6203
    DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0103182
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: An experimental study of the emergence of human communication systems.

    Galantucci, Bruno

    Cognitive science

    2005  Volume 29, Issue 5, Page(s) 737–767

    Abstract: The emergence of human communication systems is typically investigated via 2 approaches with complementary strengths and weaknesses: naturalistic studies and computer simulations. This study was conducted with a method that combines these approaches. ... ...

    Abstract The emergence of human communication systems is typically investigated via 2 approaches with complementary strengths and weaknesses: naturalistic studies and computer simulations. This study was conducted with a method that combines these approaches. Pairs of participants played video games requiring communication. Members of a pair were physically separated but exchanged graphic signals through a medium that prevented the use of standard symbols (e.g., letters). Communication systems emerged and developed rapidly during the games, integrating the use of explicit signs with information implicitly available to players and silent behavior-coordinating procedures. The systems that emerged suggest 3 conclusions: (a) signs originate from different mappings; (b) sign systems develop parsimoniously; (c) sign forms are perceptually distinct, easy to produce, and tolerant to variations.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2005-09-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2002940-8
    ISSN 1551-6709 ; 0364-0213
    ISSN (online) 1551-6709
    ISSN 0364-0213
    DOI 10.1207/s15516709cog0000_34
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  6. Article ; Online: Do we notice when communication goes awry? An investigation of people's sensitivity to coherence in spontaneous conversation.

    Bruno Galantucci / Gareth Roberts

    PLoS ONE, Vol 9, Iss 7, p e

    2014  Volume 103182

    Abstract: In the dominant theoretical framework, human communication is modeled as the faithful transmission of information. This implies that when people are involved in communicational exchanges, they should be sensitive to the success with which information is ... ...

    Abstract In the dominant theoretical framework, human communication is modeled as the faithful transmission of information. This implies that when people are involved in communicational exchanges, they should be sensitive to the success with which information is transmitted, easily detecting when conversations lack coherence. The expectation that humans are good at detecting conversational incoherence is in line with common intuition, but there are several reasons to suspect that it might be unrealistic. First, similar intuitions have been shown to be unrealistic for a number of psychological processes. Second, faithful information transmission may conflict with other conversational goals. Third, mechanisms supporting information transmission may themselves lead to cases of incoherence being missed. To ascertain the extent to which people are insensitive to patches of serious conversational incoherence, we generated such patches in the laboratory by repeatedly crossing two unrelated conversations. Across two studies, involving both narrowly and broadly focused conversations, between 27% and 42% of the conversants did not notice that their conversations had been crossed. The results of these studies suggest that it may indeed be unrealistic to model spontaneous conversation as faithful information transmission. Rather, our results are more consistent with models of communication that view it as involving noisy and error-prone inferential processes, serving multiple independent goals.
    Keywords Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
    Subject code 306
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article ; Online: How communication changes when we cannot mime the world: Experimental evidence for the effect of iconicity on combinatoriality.

    Roberts, Gareth / Lewandowski, Jirka / Galantucci, Bruno

    Cognition

    2015  Volume 141, Page(s) 52–66

    Abstract: Communication systems are exposed to two different pressures: a pressure for transmission efficiency, such that messages are simple to produce and perceive, and a pressure for referential efficiency, such that messages are easy to understand with their ... ...

    Abstract Communication systems are exposed to two different pressures: a pressure for transmission efficiency, such that messages are simple to produce and perceive, and a pressure for referential efficiency, such that messages are easy to understand with their intended meaning. A solution to the first pressure is combinatoriality--the recombination of a few basic meaningless forms to express an infinite number of meanings. A solution to the second is iconicity--the use of forms that resemble what they refer to. These two solutions appear to be incompatible with each other, as iconic forms are ill-suited for use as meaningless combinatorial units. Furthermore, in the early stages of a communication system, when basic referential forms are in the process of being established, the pressure for referential efficiency is likely to be particularly strong, which may lead it to trump the pressure for transmission efficiency. This means that, where iconicity is available as a strategy, it is likely to impede the emergence of combinatoriality. Although this hypothesis seems consistent with some observations of natural language, it was unclear until recently how it could be soundly tested. This has changed thanks to the development of a line of research, known as Experimental Semiotics, in which participants construct novel communication systems in the laboratory using an unfamiliar medium. We conducted an Experimental Semiotic study in which we manipulated the opportunity for iconicity by varying the kind of referents to be communicated, while keeping the communication medium constant. We then measured the combinatoriality and transmission efficiency of the communication systems. We found that, where iconicity was available, it provided scaffolding for the construction of communication systems and was overwhelmingly adopted. Where it was not available, however, the resulting communication systems were more combinatorial and their forms more efficient to produce. This study enriches our understanding of the fundamental design principles of human communication and contributes tools to enrich it further.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Communication ; Humans ; Language ; Pattern Recognition, Visual/physiology ; Psycholinguistics ; Psychomotor Performance/physiology ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2015-08
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
    ZDB-ID 1499940-7
    ISSN 1873-7838 ; 0010-0277
    ISSN (online) 1873-7838
    ISSN 0010-0277
    DOI 10.1016/j.cognition.2015.04.001
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  8. Article ; Online: Experimental semiotics: a review.

    Galantucci, Bruno / Garrod, Simon

    Frontiers in human neuroscience

    2011  Volume 5, Page(s) 11

    Abstract: ... which may be referred to as experimental semiotics (ES; Galantucci, 2009; Galantucci and Garrod, 2010), focuses ...

    Abstract In the last few years a new line of research has appeared in the literature. This line of research, which may be referred to as experimental semiotics (ES; Galantucci, 2009; Galantucci and Garrod, 2010), focuses on the experimental investigation of novel forms of human communication. In this review we will (a) situate ES in its conceptual context, (b) illustrate the main varieties of studies thus far conducted by experimental semioticians, (c) illustrate three main themes of investigation which have emerged within this line of research, and (d) consider implications of this work for cognitive neuroscience.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2011-02-17
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2425477-0
    ISSN 1662-5161 ; 1662-5161
    ISSN (online) 1662-5161
    ISSN 1662-5161
    DOI 10.3389/fnhum.2011.00011
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  9. Book ; Online: Experimental Semiotics

    Galantucci, Bruno / Garrod, Simon

    Studies on the Emergence and Evolution of Human Communication

    (Benjamins Current Topics)

    2012  

    Abstract: In the early twentieth century, Ferdinand de Saussure envisioned "a science which studies the role of signs as part of social life". About a century later, a science has emerged that is very much in the spirit of that envisioned by de Saussure. ... ...

    Series title Benjamins Current Topics
    Abstract In the early twentieth century, Ferdinand de Saussure envisioned "a science which studies the role of signs as part of social life". About a century later, a science has emerged that is very much in the spirit of that envisioned by de Saussure. Researchers who are developing this science, which has been labeled Experimental Semiotics, conduct controlled studies in which human adults develop novel communication systems or impose novel structure on systems provided to them. This volume offers a primer to Experimental Semiotics and presents a set of studies conducted within this new discipline. T
    Language English
    Size Online-Ressource (167 p)
    Publisher John Benjamins Publishing Company
    Publishing place Amsterdam/Philadelphia
    Document type Book ; Online
    Note Description based upon print version of record
    ISBN 1283594234 ; 1283594269 ; 9781283594264 ; 9789027202642 ; 9781283594233 ; 9027202648
    Database Library catalogue of the German National Library of Science and Technology (TIB), Hannover

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  10. Article ; Online: Joint action: current perspectives.

    Galantucci, Bruno / Sebanz, Natalie

    Topics in cognitive science

    2009  Volume 1, Issue 2, Page(s) 255–259

    Abstract: In recent years researchers have begun to investigate how the perceptual, motor and cognitive activities of two or more individuals become organized into coordinated action. In the first part of this introduction we identify three common threads among ... ...

    Abstract In recent years researchers have begun to investigate how the perceptual, motor and cognitive activities of two or more individuals become organized into coordinated action. In the first part of this introduction we identify three common threads among the ten papers of this special issue that exemplify this new line of research. First, all of the papers are grounded in the experimental study of online interactions between two or more individuals. Second, albeit at different levels of analysis, the contributions focus on the mechanisms supporting joint action. Third, many of the papers investigate empirically the pre-requisites for the highly sophisticated forms of joint action that are typical of humans. In the second part of the introduction, we summarize each of the papers, highlighting more specific connections among them.
    MeSH term(s) Cognition ; Cooperative Behavior ; Humans ; Internet ; Interpersonal Relations ; Motor Activity ; Perception ; Psychomotor Performance ; Research ; Social Behavior
    Language English
    Publishing date 2009-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Introductory Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2482883-X
    ISSN 1756-8765 ; 1756-8757
    ISSN (online) 1756-8765
    ISSN 1756-8757
    DOI 10.1111/j.1756-8765.2009.01017.x
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