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  1. Article ; Online: The pivotal role of irradiation-induced apoptosis in the pathogenesis and therapy of medulloblastoma.

    Richard, Seidu A

    Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.)

    2024  Volume 7, Issue 4, Page(s) e2048

    Abstract: Background: Medulloblastoma (MB) is a rare primitive neuroectodermal tumors originating from the cerebellum. MB is the most common malignant primary brain tumor of childhood. MB originates from neural precursor cells in distinctive regions of the ... ...

    Abstract Background: Medulloblastoma (MB) is a rare primitive neuroectodermal tumors originating from the cerebellum. MB is the most common malignant primary brain tumor of childhood. MB originates from neural precursor cells in distinctive regions of the rhombic lip, and their maturation occurs in the cerebellum or the brain stem during embryonal development. Also, apoptosis is a programmed cell death associated with numerous physiological as well as pathological regulations.
    Recent findings: Irradiation (IR)-induce apoptosis triggers cell death, with or without intervening mitosis within a few hours of IR and these share different morphologic alteration such as, loss of normal nuclear structure as well as degradation of DNA. Moreover, MB is strikingly sensitive to DNA-damaging therapies and the role of apoptosis a key treatment modality. Furthermore, in MB, the apoptotic pathways are made up of several triggers, modulators, as well as effectors. Notably, IR-induced apoptotic mechanisms in MB therapy are very complex and they either induce radiosensitivity or inhibit radioresistance leading to potential effective treatment strategies for MB.
    Conclusion: This review explicitly explores the pivotal roles of IR-induced apoptosis in the pathogenesis and therapy of MB.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Medulloblastoma/radiotherapy ; Medulloblastoma/genetics ; Neural Stem Cells/metabolism ; Neural Stem Cells/pathology ; Apoptosis ; Cerebellar Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; Cerebellar Neoplasms/pathology ; DNA ; Embryonic Structures ; Metencephalon/embryology
    Chemical Substances DNA (9007-49-2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ISSN 2573-8348
    ISSN (online) 2573-8348
    DOI 10.1002/cnr2.2048
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article: Aflatoxin B

    Francis, Sullibie / Kortei, Nii Korley / Sackey, Marian / Richard, Seidu A

    Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland)

    2024  Volume 19, Issue 1, Page(s) 20240907

    Abstract: Aflatoxin ... ...

    Abstract Aflatoxin B
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-26
    Publishing country Poland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2829380-0
    ISSN 2391-5463
    ISSN 2391-5463
    DOI 10.1515/med-2024-0907
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article: The Pivotal Immunoregulatory Functions of Microglia and Macrophages in Glioma Pathogenesis and Therapy.

    Richard, Seidu A

    Journal of oncology

    2022  Volume 2022, Page(s) 8903482

    Abstract: Gliomas are mixed solid tumors composed of both neoplastic and nonneoplastic cells. In glioma microenvironment, the most common nonneoplastic and infiltrating cells are macrophages and microglia. Microglia are the exact phagocytes of the central nervous ... ...

    Abstract Gliomas are mixed solid tumors composed of both neoplastic and nonneoplastic cells. In glioma microenvironment, the most common nonneoplastic and infiltrating cells are macrophages and microglia. Microglia are the exact phagocytes of the central nervous system, whereas macrophages are myeloid immune cells that are depicted with ardent phagocytosis. Microglia are heterogeneously located in almost all nonoverlapping sections of the brain as well as the spinal cord, while macrophages are derived from circulating monocytes. Microglia and macrophages utilize a variety of receptors for the detection of molecules, particles, and cells that they engulf. Both microglia and peripheral macrophages interact directly with vessels both in the periphery of and within the tumor. In glioma milieu, normal human astrocytes, glioma cells, and microglia all exhibited the ability of phagocytosing glioma cells and precisely apoptotic tumor cells. Also, microglia and macrophages are robustly triggered by the glioma via the expression of chemoattractants such as monocyte chemoattractant protein, stromal-derived factor-1, and macrophage-colony stimulating factor. Glioma-associated microglia and/or macrophages positively correlated with glioma invasiveness, immunosuppression, and patients' poor outcome, making these cells a suitable target for immunotherapeutic schemes.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-04
    Publishing country Egypt
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2461349-6
    ISSN 1687-8469 ; 1687-8450
    ISSN (online) 1687-8469
    ISSN 1687-8450
    DOI 10.1155/2022/8903482
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Aneurysm Shaped Like a "Calabash Gourd" and Mimicking a Tumor.

    Su, Yang / Richard, Seidu A / Lan, Zhigang

    World neurosurgery

    2024  Volume 184, Page(s) 161–162

    Abstract: Posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysms are likely to be fusiform, yet they hardly enlarge to mimic a tumor in the posterior fossa on radiology. They constitute about 3%-4% of all cerebral aneurysms. A 65-year-old woman presented with tremor in ... ...

    Abstract Posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysms are likely to be fusiform, yet they hardly enlarge to mimic a tumor in the posterior fossa on radiology. They constitute about 3%-4% of all cerebral aneurysms. A 65-year-old woman presented with tremor in her right upper limb for 1 year and intermittent dizziness for 8 months. Interestingly, magnetic resonance imaging revealed 2 unanimously enhanced masses like mother and daughter located in the right cerebellum hemisphere. The lesion was resected via surgery, and histopathology established the diagnosis of an aneurysm. Her tremor and dizziness subsided 3 months after the surgery, and at her 2-year follow-up she was well with no further neurologic deficits.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Female ; Aged ; Dizziness/pathology ; Tremor ; Intracranial Aneurysm/diagnostic imaging ; Intracranial Aneurysm/surgery ; Vertebral Artery/surgery ; Cerebellum/blood supply ; Neoplasms/pathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-26
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports ; Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2534351-8
    ISSN 1878-8769 ; 1878-8750
    ISSN (online) 1878-8769
    ISSN 1878-8750
    DOI 10.1016/j.wneu.2024.01.099
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Exploring the Pivotal Immunomodulatory and Anti-Inflammatory Potentials of Glycyrrhizic and Glycyrrhetinic Acids.

    Richard, Seidu A

    Mediators of inflammation

    2021  Volume 2021, Page(s) 6699560

    Abstract: Licorice extract is a Chinese herbal medication most often used as a demulcent or elixir. The extract usually consists of many components but the key ingredients are glycyrrhizic (GL) and glycyrrhetinic acid (GA). GL and GA function as potent ... ...

    Abstract Licorice extract is a Chinese herbal medication most often used as a demulcent or elixir. The extract usually consists of many components but the key ingredients are glycyrrhizic (GL) and glycyrrhetinic acid (GA). GL and GA function as potent antioxidants, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antitumor agents, and immuneregulators. GL and GA have potent activities against hepatitis A, B, and C viruses, human immunodeficiency virus type 1, vesicular stomatitis virus, herpes simplex virus, influenza A, severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus, respiratory syncytial virus, vaccinia virus, and arboviruses. Also, GA was observed to be of therapeutic valve in human enterovirus 71, which was recognized as the utmost regular virus responsible for hand, foot, and mouth disease. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of GL and GA is realized via cytokines like interferon-
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacokinetics ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacokinetics ; Glycyrrhetinic Acid/pharmacokinetics ; Glycyrrhiza/chemistry ; Glycyrrhizic Acid/pharmacokinetics ; Humans ; Immunologic Factors/pharmacokinetics ; Inflammation ; Interferons/metabolism ; Interleukins/metabolism ; Leishmania/metabolism ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Macrophages/metabolism ; Macrophages/parasitology ; Nitric Oxide/metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/metabolism ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases/metabolism ; Prostaglandins/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Th1 Cells/cytology ; Toll-Like Receptors/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; Cytokines ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Immunologic Factors ; Interleukins ; Prostaglandins ; RNA, Messenger ; Toll-Like Receptors ; Nitric Oxide (31C4KY9ESH) ; Glycyrrhizic Acid (6FO62043WK) ; Interferons (9008-11-1) ; NOS2 protein, human (EC 1.14.13.39) ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II (EC 1.14.13.39) ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases (EC 1.14.99.1) ; Glycyrrhetinic Acid (P540XA09DR)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-07
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1137605-3
    ISSN 1466-1861 ; 0962-9351
    ISSN (online) 1466-1861
    ISSN 0962-9351
    DOI 10.1155/2021/6699560
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Residence-based inequalities in overweight/obesity in sub-Saharan Africa: a multivariate non-linear decomposition analysis.

    Atsu, Priscilla / Mohammed, Aliu / Adu, Collins / Aboagye, Richard Gyan / Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku / Seidu, Abdul-Aziz

    Tropical medicine and health

    2024  Volume 52, Issue 1, Page(s) 29

    Abstract: Background: Overweight/obesity remains a major risk factor for non-communicable diseases and their associated morbidities and mortalities. Yet, limited studies have comprehensively examined factors contributing to the rural-urban disparities in ... ...

    Abstract Background: Overweight/obesity remains a major risk factor for non-communicable diseases and their associated morbidities and mortalities. Yet, limited studies have comprehensively examined factors contributing to the rural-urban disparities in overweight/obesity among women in sub-Saharan Africa. Thus, our study sought to decompose the rural-urban disparities in overweight/obesity among women in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) using nationally representative datasets.
    Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of data from the Demographic and Health Surveys of 23 sub-Saharan African countries conducted from 2015 to 2022. A sample of 177,329 women was included in the analysis. Percentages with confidence intervals (CIs) were used to summarize the prevalence of overweight/obesity per rural-urban strata and pooled level. A multivariate non-linear decomposition analysis was used to identify the factors contributing to the rural-urban disparities in overweight/obesity. The results were presented using coefficients and percentages.
    Results: The pooled prevalence of overweight/obesity among the women was higher in urban areas (38.9%; 95% CI = 38.2-39.6) than rural areas (19.1%; 95% CI = 18.7-19.6). This pattern was observed in all the countries surveyed, except in South Africa, where women in rural areas (53.1%; 95% CI = 50.0-56.4) had a higher prevalence of overweight/obesity than those in urban areas (46.0%; 95% CI = 43.2-48.9). Approximately 54% of the rural-urban disparities in overweight/obesity was attributable to the differences in the women's characteristics or explanatory variables. More than half of the rural-urban disparities in overweight/obesity would be reduced if the disparities in women's characteristics were levelled. Among the women's characteristics, frequency of watching television (29.03%), wealth index (26.59%), and level of education (9.40%) explained approximately 65% of the rural-urban differences in overweight/obesity.
    Conclusion: The prevalence of overweight/obesity among women in SSA remains high and skewed towards women in urban areas. Increased frequency of watching television, high wealth index, and higher educational attainment contributed largely to the rural-urban disparities in overweight/obesity among women in SSA. Thus, interventions aimed at reducing overweight/obesity among women in SSA could be targeted at reducing the frequency of television watching as well as promoting physical activities among wealthy women and those with higher education, particularly in urban areas.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-07
    Publishing country Japan
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2209835-5
    ISSN 1349-4147 ; 1348-8945
    ISSN (online) 1349-4147
    ISSN 1348-8945
    DOI 10.1186/s41182-024-00593-5
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Edaravone Therapy Could be a Substitute for Decompressive Craniotomy/Craniectomy for Large Ischemic Stroke in Remote Areas with no Neurosurgeons

    Seidu A. Richard

    Advances in Bioscience and Clinical Medicine, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2021  Volume 3

    Abstract: The incidence of stroke has been a major task for medics and relatives globally. Stroke is the second most frequent disease with high morbidity as well as mortality worldwide. This is a very short and focus review on edaravone therapy. Due to the success ...

    Abstract The incidence of stroke has been a major task for medics and relatives globally. Stroke is the second most frequent disease with high morbidity as well as mortality worldwide. This is a very short and focus review on edaravone therapy. Due to the success story of edaravone in the management of stroke, it could be beneficial for severe stroke patients. The impact of edaravone was highest in the most severely afflicted stroke patients with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores ≥15 during admission. Large-artery atherosclerosis or cardioembolism stroke subtypes had the highest NIHSS scores. On the other hand, decompressive craniectomy is the resection of part of the skull so that edematous brain tissue can herniate outside. It is thus advocated that, edaravone therapy could be a substitute for decompressive craniotomy for large ischemic stroke in remote facilities with no neurosurgeons.
    Keywords edaravone ; decompressive ; craniotomy ; craniectomy ; stroke ; Medicine ; R ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 616
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Australian International Academic Centre PTY.LTD.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  8. Article ; Online: Access to quality contraceptive counselling among adolescent girls and young women in sub-Saharan Africa.

    Mohammed, Aliu / Donkoh, Irene Esi / Aboagye, Richard Gyan / Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku / Seidu, Abdul-Aziz

    Contraception and reproductive medicine

    2024  Volume 9, Issue 1, Page(s) 16

    Abstract: Background: Improving women's access to and use of modern contraceptives is a key global strategy for improving the sexual and reproductive health of women. However, the use of modern contraceptives among adolescent girls and young women in sub-Saharan ... ...

    Abstract Background: Improving women's access to and use of modern contraceptives is a key global strategy for improving the sexual and reproductive health of women. However, the use of modern contraceptives among adolescent girls and young women in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) remains relatively low, despite the numerous interventions to increase patronage. This study examined adolescent girls and young women's receipt of quality contraceptive counselling and its associated factors in SSA.
    Methods: Data for the study were extracted from the recent Demographic and Health Surveys of 20 countries in SSA, spanning from 2015 to 2021. A sample of 19,398 adolescent girls and young women aged 15 to 24 years was included in the study. We presented the proportion of adolescent girls and young women who received quality contraceptive counselling using a spatial map. Multilevel binary logistic regression analysis was carried out to examine the factors associated with the receipt of quality contraceptive counselling.
    Results: Overall, 33.2% of adolescent girls and young women had access to quality contraceptive counselling, ranging from 13.0% in Cameroon to 67.0% in Sierra Leone. The odds of receiving quality contraceptive counselling was higher among adolescent girls and young women aged 20-24 (AOR = 1.48, CI: 1.32-1.67), those with primary (AOR = 1.32, CI: 1.11-1.57) and secondary or higher education (AOR = 1.31, CI: 1.09-1.58), and those married (AOR = 1.32, CI: 1.15-1.52), cohabiting (AOR = 1.47, CI: 1.23-1.76), and previously married (AOR = 1.48, CI: 1.20-1.83) compared to their counterparts in the reference groups. Adolescent girls and young women who were currently working (AOR = 1.22, CI: 1.09-1.37), those who heard of family planning from radio in the last few months (AOR = 1.34, CI:1.21-1.50), those who visited the health facility in the last 12 months (AOR = 1.69, CI: 1.52-1.88), and those residing in the Southern (AOR = 5.01, CI: 3.86-6.51), Eastern (AOR = 2.54, CI: 1.96-3.30), and Western (AOR = 4.09, CI: 3.19-5.25) SSA were more likely to receive quality contraceptive counselling compared to their counterparts in the reference groups. Conversely, adolescent girls and young women who used the internet, those who had problem getting permission to seek medical help, those facing problem in seeking medical help for not wanting to go alone, those from the middle and richest wealth indices, and those from the rural areas were less likely to receive quality contraceptive counselling compared to their counterparts in the reference groups.
    Conclusion: Receipt of quality contraceptive counselling among adolescent girls and young women was low. Considering the importance of quality contraceptive counselling on the uptake and continuation of contraception, policymakers need to institute measures that improve adolescent girls and young women's access to quality contraceptive counselling in SSA, especially in countries like Cameroon, Angola, Madagascar, Mauritania, and Guinea, taking into consideration the factors identified in the study. Increasing adolescent girls and young women's access to quality contraceptive counselling could greatly minimize the risk of unintended pregnancies and its associated maternal and child health burden in SSA and subsequently contribute to the attainment of the Sustainable Development Goal 3, target 3.7.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-04-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ISSN 2055-7426
    ISSN (online) 2055-7426
    DOI 10.1186/s40834-024-00267-x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Explicating the Pivotal Pathogenic, Diagnostic, and Therapeutic Biomarker Potentials of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in Glioblastoma.

    Richard, Seidu A

    Disease markers

    2020  Volume 2020, Page(s) 8844313

    Abstract: Glioblastoma (GBM) is a malignant and aggressive central nervous tumor that originates from astrocytes. These pathogenic astrocytes divide rapidly and are sustained by enormous network of blood vessels via which they receive requisite nutrients. It well ... ...

    Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is a malignant and aggressive central nervous tumor that originates from astrocytes. These pathogenic astrocytes divide rapidly and are sustained by enormous network of blood vessels via which they receive requisite nutrients. It well proven that GBM microenvironment is extremely infiltrated by myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). MDSCs are a heterogeneous cluster of immature myeloid progenitors. They are key mediates in immune suppression as well as sustenance glioma growth, invasion, vascularization, and upsurge of regulatory T cells via different molecules. MDSCs are often elevated in the peripheral blood of patients with GBM. MDSCs in the peripheral blood as well as those infiltrating the GBM microenvironment correlated with poor prognosis. Also, an upsurge in circulating MDSCs in the peripheral blood of patients with GBM was observed compared to benign and grade I/II glioma patients. GBM patients with good prognosis presented with reduced MDSCs as well as augmented dendritic cells. Almost all chemotherapeutic medication for GBM has shown no obvious improvement in overall survival in patients. Nevertheless, low-dose chemotherapies were capable of suppressing the levels of MDSCs in GBM as well as multiple tumor models with metastatic to the brain. Thus, MDSCs are potential diagnostic as well as therapeutic biomarkers for GBM patients.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology ; Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use ; Biomarkers, Tumor/immunology ; Brain Neoplasms/diagnosis ; Brain Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Brain Neoplasms/immunology ; Brain Neoplasms/pathology ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects ; Glioblastoma/diagnosis ; Glioblastoma/drug therapy ; Glioblastoma/immunology ; Glioblastoma/pathology ; Humans ; Molecular Targeted Therapy ; Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells/drug effects ; Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells/immunology ; Prognosis ; Tumor Hypoxia ; Tumor Microenvironment
    Chemical Substances Antineoplastic Agents ; Biomarkers, Tumor
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-11-04
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 604951-5
    ISSN 1875-8630 ; 0278-0240
    ISSN (online) 1875-8630
    ISSN 0278-0240
    DOI 10.1155/2020/8844313
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article: EPAC2: A new and promising protein for glioma pathogenesis and therapy.

    Richard, Seidu A

    Oncology reviews

    2020  Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 446

    Abstract: Gliomas are prime brain cancers which are initiated by malignant modification of neural stem cells, progenitor cells and differentiated glial cells such as astrocyte, oligodendrocyte as well as ependymal cells. Exchange proteins directly activated by ... ...

    Abstract Gliomas are prime brain cancers which are initiated by malignant modification of neural stem cells, progenitor cells and differentiated glial cells such as astrocyte, oligodendrocyte as well as ependymal cells. Exchange proteins directly activated by cAMP (EPACs) are crucial cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP)-determined signaling pathways. Cyclic AMP-intermediated signaling events were utilized to transduce protein kinase A (PKA) leading to the detection of EPACs or cAMP-guanine exchange factors (cAMP-GEFs). EPACs have been detected as crucial proteins associated with the pathogenesis of neurological disorders as well as numerous human diseases. EPAC proteins have two isoforms. These isoforms are EPAC1 and EPAC2. EPAC2 also known as Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4 (RAPGEF4) is generally expression in all neurites. Higher EAPC2 levels was detected in the cortex, hippocampus as well as striatum of adult mouse brain. Activation as well as over-secretion of EPAC2 triggers apoptosis in neurons and EPAC-triggered apoptosis was intermediated via the modulation of Bcl-2 interacting member protein (BIM). EPAC2 secretory levels has proven to be more in low-grade clinical glioma than high-grade clinical glioma. This review therefore explores the effects of EPAC2/RAPGEF4 on the pathogenesis of glioma instead of EPAC1 because EPAC2 and not EPAC1 is predominately expressed in the brain. Therefore, EPAC2 is most likely to modulate glioma pathogenesis rather than EPAC1.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-04-30
    Publishing country Italy
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2390302-8
    ISSN 1970-5565 ; 1970-5565 ; 1970-5557
    ISSN (online) 1970-5565
    ISSN 1970-5565 ; 1970-5557
    DOI 10.4081/oncol.2020.446
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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