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Article ; Online: Children's experiences of mask-wearing: a systemic review and narrative synthesis.

Preest, Elin / Greenhalgh, Trisha / Farrier, Christian / van der Westhuizen, Helene-Mari

Journal of evaluation in clinical practice

2024

Abstract: Rationale: Masks have been widely used as a preventative tool during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the use of masks by children has been controversial, with international guidelines recommending a risk-based approach to national policymakers.: Aims ... ...

Abstract	Rationale: Masks have been widely used as a preventative tool during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the use of masks by children has been controversial, with international guidelines recommending a risk-based approach to national policymakers. Aims and objectives: We aimed to conduct a systematic review that explores children's experiences of mask-wearing, drawing on an evidence base that describes mask-wearing in different contexts including air pollution, and to prevent the spread of infectious disease. Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Embase and PsycINFO in June 2021, with repeat searches in August 2022 and January 2024, for primary research studies exploring children's experiences of masks. Included studies reported on participants between 4 and 14 years (inclusive), with no restrictions on language where an English translation was available. Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts and reviewed full texts, with discrepancies resolved by a third reviewer. We used the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool for quality appraisal and narrative synthesis to identify key findings. We also conducted stakeholder consultation (Patient and Public Involvement (PPI)) with nine children, where they submitted annotated drawings of their preferred masks to complement our review findings. Results: We screened 982 titles and abstracts and reviewed 94 full texts. 45 studies were included in the synthesis. Children's experiences of mask-wearing were influenced by their perceived necessity, social norms around their use and parental attitudes. Challenges related to mask-wearing were described, including difficulty reading facial expressions and physical discomfort. Children found it easier to wear masks when sitting and in cooler environments, and they benefited from unmasking during outdoor break time at school. As part of the PPI consultation, children highlighted the importance of mask design and the environmental impact of masks. Conclusion: Children's experiences of mask-wearing were varied and context-dependent, with several mask-design challenges raised. Future policy on mask-wearing needs to consider the context in which mask-wearing would be most beneficial, and how local adaptations to policy can respond to children's needs.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-27
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1327355-3
ISSN	1365-2753 ; 1356-1294
ISSN (online)	1365-2753
ISSN	1356-1294
DOI	10.1111/jep.13982
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Negotiating the media's role during pandemics: recommendations for future preparedness.

Acharya, Nina / Hess, Sarah / Kuchler, Hannah / Lafontaine, Jesse / Malan, Mia / Rai, Tanvi / van der Westhuizen, Helene-Mari

BMJ global health

2023 Volume 8, Issue 12

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Negotiating ; Pandemics ; Mass Media ; Public Health
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	2059-7908
ISSN	2059-7908
DOI	10.1136/bmjgh-2023-014467
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Nevirapine-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome in children living with HIV in South Africa.

du Toit, Jacques D / Kotze, Koot / van der Westhuizen, Helene-Mari / Gaunt, Taryn L

Southern African journal of HIV medicine

2021 Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 1182

Abstract: Background: Although adverse drug reactions resulting from the use of nevirapine (NVP) are well described in adults (estimated frequency of 6% - 10%), it has previously been considered less common in children (0.3% - 1.4%). Stock-outs of antiretroviral ... ...

Abstract	Background: Although adverse drug reactions resulting from the use of nevirapine (NVP) are well described in adults (estimated frequency of 6% - 10%), it has previously been considered less common in children (0.3% - 1.4%). Stock-outs of antiretroviral agents occur frequently in South Africa and result in interruptions in therapy and drug substitutions. Objectives: To report on a case series of paediatric patients who suffered cutaneous drug reactions to NVP at rates not previously described in children. Method: We describe a retrospective observational case series of six children living with HIV who developed Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) following exposure to NVP because of a prolonged stock-out of efavirenz 200 mg tablets in South Africa. Results: Of the 392 paediatric patients receiving antiretroviral therapy at the institution, 172 were affected by the efavirenz stock-out. Of these, 85 children were changed to NVP of which six developed NVP-induced SJS (7.1% incidence rate). The median time between initiating NVP and developing symptoms was 27 days (range 12-35 days). All patients responded well to NVP cessation and symptomatic treatment. One patient was referred for specialist care. Two patients were successfully rechallenged with efavirenz after developing SJS and three continued lopinavir/ritonavir. Conclusions: This is the second largest case series of NVP-induced SJS in children to date and raises the possibility that the incidence of SJS in children may be higher than previously described. Further research is required to explore the risk factors associated with NVP-induced SJS in children. This case series highlights the negative impact of drug stock-outs on patient health outcomes.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-23
Publishing country	South Africa
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2259791-8
ISSN	2078-6751 ; 2078-6751
ISSN (online)	2078-6751
ISSN	2078-6751
DOI	10.4102/sajhivmed.v22i1.1182
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Book ; Online: WHO standard

McDowell, Andrew / Anjorin, Omolayo / van der Westhuizen, Helene-Mari / Engel, Nora / Subramanian, Advaith / Delrooz, Naveed / Nathavitharana, Ruvandhi / Steingart, Karen

universal access to rapid tuberculosis diagnostics: web annex B: stakeholder perspectives on barriers and enablers to the implementation of molecular WHO-recommended rapid diagnostic tests for tuberculosis

2023

Abstract: iv, 57 p. ...

Abstract	iv, 57 p.
Keywords	Tuberculosis ; Diagnostic Tests ; Routine ; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques ; Case Reports ; diagnosis
Language	English
Publisher	World Health Organization
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Authors' reply to Kolstoe and Hanna and colleagues.

van der Westhuizen, Helene-Mari / Kotze, Koot / Tonkin-Crine, Sarah / Gobat, Nina / Greenhalgh, Trisha

BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

2020 Volume 371, Page(s) m3799

MeSH term(s)	Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Confusion ; Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Health Communication ; Humans ; Masks ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vaccination ; Viral Vaccines
Chemical Substances	COVID-19 Vaccines ; Viral Vaccines
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter ; Comment
ZDB-ID	1362901-3
ISSN	1756-1833 ; 0959-8154 ; 0959-8146 ; 0959-8138 ; 0959-535X ; 1759-2151
ISSN (online)	1756-1833
ISSN	0959-8154 ; 0959-8146 ; 0959-8138 ; 0959-535X ; 1759-2151
DOI	10.1136/bmj.m3799
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: The role of counselling in tuberculosis diagnostic evaluation and contact tracing: scoping review and stakeholder consultation of knowledge and research gaps.

Foster, Isabel / Sullivan, Amanda / Makanda, Goodman / Schoeman, Ingrid / Tisile, Phumeza / van der Westhuizen, Helene-Mari / Theron, Grant / Nathavitharana, Ruvandhi R

BMC public health

2022 Volume 22, Issue 1, Page(s) 190

Abstract: Background: Tuberculosis (TB) care cascade analyses show large gaps at early stages, including care-seeking and diagnostic evaluation, where promising interventions to decrease attrition are urgently needed. Person-centered care is prioritized in the ... ...

Abstract	Background: Tuberculosis (TB) care cascade analyses show large gaps at early stages, including care-seeking and diagnostic evaluation, where promising interventions to decrease attrition are urgently needed. Person-centered care is prioritized in the World Health Organization's End TB strategy; yet little is known about how it is delivered and can be optimized. Recommendations for counselling, a core component of person-centered care, are largely limited to its role in improving TB treatment adherence. The role of counselling to close key diagnostic gaps in the care cascade is poorly understood. Methods: We conducted a scoping review to identify evidence on the use of counselling at TB diagnosis, for both people with presumptive TB and index patients to promote patient retention and contact tracing. Using search terms for TB, diagnosis and counselling, we systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science. Two independent reviewers screened all abstracts, full-texts, extracted data and conducted a quality assessment. We used thematic analysis to identify key themes. Results: After screening 1785 articles, we extracted data from 15 studies and determined that the major themes best corresponded to the following gaps in the TB care cascade: care-seeking, pre-diagnosis, and pre-treatment. Studies were conducted across varied settings including pharmacies, primary health centres, and clinics, primarily in high TB incidence countries. No study directly evaluated the impact of counselling on outcomes such as treatment initiation or retention in care. Included studies suggested counselling may play an important role in improving the uptake of diagnostic testing and contact tracing. Barriers to counselling included time and personnel requirements. Stakeholder consultation emphasized the importance of high-quality counselling as a core tenet of TB care. Conclusion: Data on the impact of counselling to improve TB case detection are absent from the literature. The shift towards person-centred care for TB presents an opportunity to incorporate counselling during earlier stages of the TB care cascade; however, evidence-based approaches are needed. Implementation research is needed to operationalize and evaluate counselling to strengthen high-quality TB care delivery.
MeSH term(s)	Contact Tracing ; Counseling ; Delivery of Health Care ; Humans ; Referral and Consultation ; Tuberculosis/diagnosis ; Tuberculosis/epidemiology ; Tuberculosis/therapy
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-28
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	2041338-5
ISSN	1471-2458 ; 1471-2458
ISSN (online)	1471-2458
ISSN	1471-2458
DOI	10.1186/s12889-022-12556-8
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Health worker experiences of implementing TB infection prevention and control: A qualitative evidence synthesis to inform implementation recommendations.

van der Westhuizen, Helene-Mari / Dorward, Jienchi / Roberts, Nia / Greenhalgh, Trisha / Ehrlich, Rodney / Butler, Chris C / Tonkin-Crine, Sarah

PLOS global public health

2022 Volume 2, Issue 7, Page(s) e0000292

Abstract: Implementation of TB infection prevention and control (IPC) measures in health facilities is frequently inadequate, despite nosocomial TB transmission to patients and health workers causing harm. We aimed to review qualitative evidence of the complexity ... ...

Abstract	Implementation of TB infection prevention and control (IPC) measures in health facilities is frequently inadequate, despite nosocomial TB transmission to patients and health workers causing harm. We aimed to review qualitative evidence of the complexity associated with implementing TB IPC, to help guide the development of TB IPC implementation plans. We undertook a qualitative evidence synthesis of studies that used qualitative methods to explore the experiences of health workers implementing TB IPC in health facilities. We searched eight databases in November 2021, complemented by citation tracking. Two reviewers screened titles and abstracts and reviewed full texts of potentially eligible papers. We used the Critical Appraisals Skills Programme checklist for quality appraisal, thematic synthesis to identify key findings and the GRADE-CERQual method to appraise the certainty of review findings. The review protocol was pre-registered on PROSPERO, ID CRD42020165314. We screened 1062 titles and abstracts and reviewed 102 full texts, with 37 studies included in the synthesis. We developed 10 key findings, five of which we had high confidence in. We describe several components of TB IPC as a complex intervention. Health workers were influenced by their personal occupational TB risk perceptions when deciding whether to implement TB IPC and neglected the contribution of TB IPC to patient safety. Health workers and researchers expressed multiple uncertainties (for example the duration of infectiousness of people with TB), assumptions and misconceptions about what constitutes effective TB IPC, including focussing TB IPC on patients known with TB on treatment who pose a small risk of transmission. Instead, TB IPC resources should target high risk areas for transmission (crowded, poorly ventilated spaces). Furthermore, TB IPC implementation plans should support health workers to translate TB IPC guidelines to local contexts, including how to navigate unintended stigma caused by IPC, and using limited IPC resources effectively.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2767-3375
ISSN (online)	2767-3375
DOI	10.1371/journal.pgph.0000292
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Nevirapine-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome in children living with HIV in South Africa

Jacques D. du Toit / Koot Kotze / Helene-Mari van der Westhuizen / Taryn L. Gaunt

Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine, Vol 22, Iss 1, Pp e1-e

2021 Volume 5

Abstract: Background: Although adverse drug reactions resulting from the use of nevirapine (NVP) are well described in adults (estimated frequency of 6% – 10%), it has previously been considered less common in children (0.3% – 1.4%). Stock-outs of antiretroviral ... ...

Abstract	Background: Although adverse drug reactions resulting from the use of nevirapine (NVP) are well described in adults (estimated frequency of 6% – 10%), it has previously been considered less common in children (0.3% – 1.4%). Stock-outs of antiretroviral agents occur frequently in South Africa and result in interruptions in therapy and drug substitutions. Objectives: To report on a case series of paediatric patients who suffered cutaneous drug reactions to NVP at rates not previously described in children. Method: We describe a retrospective observational case series of six children living with HIV who developed Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) following exposure to NVP because of a prolonged stock-out of efavirenz 200 mg tablets in South Africa. Results: Of the 392 paediatric patients receiving antiretroviral therapy at the institution, 172 were affected by the efavirenz stock-out. Of these, 85 children were changed to NVP of which six developed NVP-induced SJS (7.1% incidence rate). The median time between initiating NVP and developing symptoms was 27 days (range 12–35 days). All patients responded well to NVP cessation and symptomatic treatment. One patient was referred for specialist care. Two patients were successfully rechallenged with efavirenz after developing SJS and three continued lopinavir/ritonavir. Conclusions: This is the second largest case series of NVP-induced SJS in children to date and raises the possibility that the incidence of SJS in children may be higher than previously described. Further research is required to explore the risk factors associated with NVP-induced SJS in children. This case series highlights the negative impact of drug stock-outs on patient health outcomes.
Keywords	nevirapine ; stevens-johnson syndrome ; toxic epidermal necrolysis ; paediatric ; hiv ; stock-outs ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270 ; Infectious and parasitic diseases ; RC109-216
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	AOSIS
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Face coverings for covid-19: from medical intervention to social practice.

van der Westhuizen, Helene-Mari / Kotze, Koot / Tonkin-Crine, Sarah / Gobat, Nina / Greenhalgh, Trisha

BMJ (Clinical research ed.)

2020 Volume 370, Page(s) m3021

MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Communicable Disease Control/organization & administration ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Female ; Global Health ; Health Promotion/methods ; Humans ; Interpersonal Relations ; Male ; Masks/statistics & numerical data ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Pandemics/statistics & numerical data ; Personal Protective Equipment/statistics & numerical data ; Physical Distancing ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control ; Public Health ; United Kingdom
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-08-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1362901-3
ISSN	1756-1833 ; 0959-8154 ; 0959-8146 ; 0959-8138 ; 0959-535X ; 1759-2151
ISSN (online)	1756-1833
ISSN	0959-8154 ; 0959-8146 ; 0959-8138 ; 0959-535X ; 1759-2151
DOI	10.1136/bmj.m3021
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Health worker experiences of implementing TB infection prevention and control

Helene-Mari van der Westhuizen / Jienchi Dorward / Nia Roberts / Trisha Greenhalgh / Rodney Ehrlich / Chris C Butler / Sarah Tonkin-Crine

PLOS Global Public Health, Vol 2, Iss 7, p e

A qualitative evidence synthesis to inform implementation recommendations.

2022 Volume 0000292

Abstract	Implementation of TB infection prevention and control (IPC) measures in health facilities is frequently inadequate, despite nosocomial TB transmission to patients and health workers causing harm. We aimed to review qualitative evidence of the complexity associated with implementing TB IPC, to help guide the development of TB IPC implementation plans. We undertook a qualitative evidence synthesis of studies that used qualitative methods to explore the experiences of health workers implementing TB IPC in health facilities. We searched eight databases in November 2021, complemented by citation tracking. Two reviewers screened titles and abstracts and reviewed full texts of potentially eligible papers. We used the Critical Appraisals Skills Programme checklist for quality appraisal, thematic synthesis to identify key findings and the GRADE-CERQual method to appraise the certainty of review findings. The review protocol was pre-registered on PROSPERO, ID CRD42020165314. We screened 1062 titles and abstracts and reviewed 102 full texts, with 37 studies included in the synthesis. We developed 10 key findings, five of which we had high confidence in. We describe several components of TB IPC as a complex intervention. Health workers were influenced by their personal occupational TB risk perceptions when deciding whether to implement TB IPC and neglected the contribution of TB IPC to patient safety. Health workers and researchers expressed multiple uncertainties (for example the duration of infectiousness of people with TB), assumptions and misconceptions about what constitutes effective TB IPC, including focussing TB IPC on patients known with TB on treatment who pose a small risk of transmission. Instead, TB IPC resources should target high risk areas for transmission (crowded, poorly ventilated spaces). Furthermore, TB IPC implementation plans should support health workers to translate TB IPC guidelines to local contexts, including how to navigate unintended stigma caused by IPC, and using limited IPC resources ...
Keywords	Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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