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Article ; Online: Identifying COVID-19 Risk Through Observational Studies to Inform Control Measures.

Tenforde, Mark W / Fisher, Kiva A / Patel, Manish M

2021 Volume 325, Issue 14, Page(s) 1464–1465

MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/transmission ; Communicable Disease Control ; Disease Transmission, Infectious/prevention & control ; Humans ; Observation ; Odds Ratio ; Physical Distancing ; Risk Factors ; Risk-Taking ; SARS-CoV-2 ; United States/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-02-22
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2958-0
ISSN	1538-3598 ; 0254-9077 ; 0002-9955 ; 0098-7484
ISSN (online)	1538-3598
ISSN	0254-9077 ; 0002-9955 ; 0098-7484
DOI	10.1001/jama.2021.1995
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Article ; Online: Attitudes, Beliefs, and Perceptions Associated with Mask Wearing within Four Racial and Ethnic Groups Early in the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Earle-Richardson, Giulia / Nestor, Ciara / Fisher, Kiva A / Soelaeman, Rieza H / Calanan, Renee M / Yee, Daiva / Craig, Christina / Reese, Patricia / Prue, Christine E

Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities

2023

Abstract: Background: While previous studies have identified a range of factors associated with mask wearing in the US, little is known about drivers of mask-wearing among racial and ethnic minority groups. This analysis assessed whether factors positively ... ...

Abstract	Background: While previous studies have identified a range of factors associated with mask wearing in the US, little is known about drivers of mask-wearing among racial and ethnic minority groups. This analysis assessed whether factors positively associated with wearing a mask early in the pandemic differed between participants grouped by race/ethnicity (Hispanic, non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic Asian, and non-Hispanic White). Method: Data were obtained from a US internet panel survey of 3217 respondents during May-November 2020 (weighted by race/ethnicity, age, gender, and education to the US national population). Within each of the four available racial/ethnic groups, crude and adjusted odds ratios (COR and AOR) were calculated using logistic regression to assess factors positively associated with wearing a mask. Adjusted models were controlled for age, gender, education, county COVID-19 case count, presence of a state-issued mask mandate, and interview month. Results: The following variables were most strongly positively associated with mask wearing (p<0.05) in each racial/ethnic group: Hispanic-seeing others wearing masks (AOR: 6.7), importance of wearing a mask combined with social distancing (AOR: 3.0); non-Hispanic Black-belief that wearing a mask would protect others from coronavirus (AOR: 5.1), reporting hearing that one should wear a mask (AOR: 3.6); non-Hispanic Asian-belief that people important to them believe they should wear a mask (COR: 5.1, not statistically significant); and non-Hispanic White-seeing others wearing masks (AOR: 3.1), importance of wearing a mask (AOR: 2.3). Conclusion: Public health efforts to encourage mask wearing should consider the diversity of behavioral influences within different population groups.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-31
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2760524-3
ISSN	2196-8837 ; 2197-3792
ISSN (online)	2196-8837
ISSN	2197-3792
DOI	10.1007/s40615-023-01638-x
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Article ; Online: Community Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 Associated with a Local Bar Opening Event - Illinois, February 2021.

Sami, Samira / Turbyfill, Caitlin R / Daniel-Wayman, Shelby / Shonkwiler, Stacy / Fisher, Kiva A / Kuhring, Macey / Patrick, Aaron M / Hinton, Stephanie / Minor, Amanda S / Ricaldi, Jessica N / Ezike, Ngozi / Kauerauf, Judy / Duffus, Wayne A

MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report

2021 Volume 70, Issue 14, Page(s) 528–532

Abstract: During February 2021, an opening event was held indoors at a rural Illinois bar that accommodates approximately 100 persons. The Illinois Department of Public Health (IDPH) and local health department staff members investigated a COVID-19 outbreak ... ...

Abstract	During February 2021, an opening event was held indoors at a rural Illinois bar that accommodates approximately 100 persons. The Illinois Department of Public Health (IDPH) and local health department staff members investigated a COVID-19 outbreak associated with this opening event. Overall, 46 COVID-19 cases were linked to the event, including cases in 26 patrons and three staff members who attended the opening event and 17 secondary cases. Four persons with cases had COVID-19-like symptoms on the same day they attended the event. Secondary cases included 12 cases in eight households with children, two on a school sports team, and three in a long-term care facility (LTCF). Transmission associated with the opening event resulted in one school closure affecting 650 children (9,100 lost person-days of school) and hospitalization of one LTCF resident with COVID-19. These findings demonstrate that opening up settings such as bars, where mask wearing and physical distancing are challenging, can increase the risk for community transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. As community businesses begin to reopen, a multicomponent approach should be emphasized in settings such as bars to prevent transmission* (1). This includes enforcing consistent and correct mask use, maintaining ≥6 ft of physical distance between persons, reducing indoor bar occupancy, prioritizing outdoor seating, improving building ventilation, and promoting behaviors such as staying at home when ill, as well as implementing contact tracing in combination with isolation and quarantine when COVID-19 cases are diagnosed.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/transmission ; Child ; Community-Acquired Infections ; Female ; Humans ; Illinois/epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Restaurants/organization & administration ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	412775-4
ISSN	1545-861X ; 0149-2195
ISSN (online)	1545-861X
ISSN	0149-2195
DOI	10.15585/mmwr.mm7014e3
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Article ; Online: Theory-based Behavioral Predictors of Self-reported Use of Face Coverings in Public Settings during the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States.

Barile, John P / Guerin, Rebecca J / Fisher, Kiva A / Tian, Lin H / Okun, Andrea H / Vanden Esschert, Kayla L / Jeffers, Alexiss / Gurbaxani, Brian M / Thompson, William W / Prue, Christine E

Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine

2020 Volume 55, Issue 1, Page(s) 82–88

Abstract: Background: Investigating antecedents of behaviors, such as wearing face coverings, is critical for developing strategies to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission.: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine associations between theory-based ... ...

Abstract	Background: Investigating antecedents of behaviors, such as wearing face coverings, is critical for developing strategies to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine associations between theory-based behavioral predictors of intention to wear a face covering and actual wearing of a face covering in public. Methods: Data from a cross-sectional panel survey of U.S. adults conducted in May and June 2020 (N = 1,004) were used to test a theory-based behavioral path model. We (a) examined predictors of intention to wear a face covering, (b) reported use of cloth face coverings, and (c) reported use of other face masks (e.g., a surgical mask or N95 respirator) in public. Results: We found that being female, perceived importance of others wanting the respondent to wear a face covering, confidence to wear a face covering, and perceived importance of personal face covering use was positively associated with intention to wear a face covering in public. Intention to wear a face covering was positively associated with self-reported wearing of a cloth face covering if other people were observed wearing cloth face coverings in public at least "rarely" (aOR = 1.43), with stronger associations if they reported "sometimes" (aOR = 1.83), "often" (aOR = 2.32), or "always" (aOR = 2.96). For other types of face masks, a positive association between intention and behavior was only present when observing others wearing face masks "often" (aOR = 1.25) or "always" (aOR = 1.48). Conclusions: Intention to wear face coverings and observing other people wearing them are important behavioral predictors of adherence to the CDC recommendation to wear face coverings in public.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; COVID-19/prevention & control ; Communicable Disease Control ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Masks ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Psychological Theory ; Sex Factors ; Social Norms ; United States
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	632630-4
ISSN	1532-4796 ; 0883-6612
ISSN (online)	1532-4796
ISSN	0883-6612
DOI	10.1093/abm/kaaa109
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Article ; Online: Serial Laboratory Testing for SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Incarcerated and Detained Persons in a Correctional and Detention Facility - Louisiana, April-May 2020.

Njuguna, Henry / Wallace, Megan / Simonson, Sean / Tobolowsky, Farrell A / James, Allison E / Bordelon, Keith / Fukunaga, Rena / Gold, Jeremy A W / Wortham, Jonathan / Sokol, Theresa / Haydel, Danielle / Tran, Ha / Kim, Kaylee / Fisher, Kiva A / Marlow, Mariel / Tate, Jacqueline E / Doshi, Reena H / Curran, Kathryn G

MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report

2020 Volume 69, Issue 26, Page(s) 836–840

Abstract: Transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), by asymptomatic and presymptomatic persons poses important challenges to controlling spread of the disease, particularly in congregate settings such as correctional ... ...

Abstract	Transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), by asymptomatic and presymptomatic persons poses important challenges to controlling spread of the disease, particularly in congregate settings such as correctional and detention facilities (1). On March 29, 2020, a staff member in a correctional and detention facility in Louisiana developed symptoms
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Testing ; Clinical Laboratory Services ; Clinical Laboratory Techniques/methods ; Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Coronavirus Infections/transmission ; Female ; Humans ; Louisiana/epidemiology ; Male ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control ; Pneumonia, Viral/transmission ; Prisoners/statistics & numerical data ; Prisons
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	412775-4
ISSN	1545-861X ; 0149-2195
ISSN (online)	1545-861X
ISSN	0149-2195
DOI	10.15585/mmwr.mm6926e2
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Article ; Online: Factors Associated with Cloth Face Covering Use Among Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic - United States, April and May 2020.

Fisher, Kiva A / Barile, John P / Guerin, Rebecca J / Vanden Esschert, Kayla L / Jeffers, Alexiss / Tian, Lin H / Garcia-Williams, Amanda / Gurbaxani, Brian / Thompson, William W / Prue, Christine E

MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report

2020 Volume 69, Issue 28, Page(s) 933–937

Abstract: On April 3, 2020, the White House Coronavirus Task Force and CDC announced a new behavioral recommendation to help slow the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by encouraging the use of a cloth face covering when out in public (1). Widespread ... ...

Abstract	On April 3, 2020, the White House Coronavirus Task Force and CDC announced a new behavioral recommendation to help slow the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by encouraging the use of a cloth face covering when out in public (1). Widespread use of cloth face coverings has not been studied among the U.S. population, and therefore, little is known about encouraging the public to adopt this behavior. Immediately following the recommendation, an Internet survey sampled 503 adults during April 7-9 to assess their use of cloth face coverings and the behavioral and sociodemographic factors that might influence adherence to this recommendation. The same survey was administered 1 month later, during May 11-13, to another sample of 502 adults to assess changes in the prevalence estimates of use of cloth face coverings from April to May. Within days of the release of the first national recommendation for use of cloth face coverings, a majority of persons who reported leaving their home in the previous week reported using a cloth face covering (61.9%). Prevalence of use increased to 76.4% 1 month later, primarily associated with increases in use among non-Hispanic white persons (54.3% to 75.1%), persons aged ≥65 years (36.6% to 79.2%), and persons residing in the Midwest (43.7% to 73.8%). High rates were observed in April and by May, increased further among non-Hispanic black persons (74.4% to 82.3%), Hispanic or Latino persons (77.3% to 76.2%), non-Hispanic persons of other race (70.8% to 77.3%), persons aged 18-29 years (70.1% to 74.9%) and 30-39 years (73.9% to 84.4%), and persons residing in the Northeast (76.9% to 87.0%). The use of a cloth face covering was associated with theory-derived constructs that indicate a favorable attitude toward them, intention to use them, ability to use them, social support for using them, and beliefs that they offered protection for self, others, and the community. Research is needed to understand possible barriers to using cloth face coverings and ways to promote their consistent and correct use among those who have yet to adopt this behavior.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; COVID-19 ; Continental Population Groups/statistics & numerical data ; Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Ethnic Groups/statistics & numerical data ; Female ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Male ; Masks/statistics & numerical data ; Middle Aged ; Pandemics/prevention & control ; Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control ; Residence Characteristics/statistics & numerical data ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; United States/epidemiology ; Young Adult
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-07-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	412775-4
ISSN	1545-861X ; 0149-2195
ISSN (online)	1545-861X
ISSN	0149-2195
DOI	10.15585/mmwr.mm6928e3
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Article ; Online: Lessons Learned from Programmatic Gains in HIV Service Delivery During the COVID-19 Pandemic - 41 PEPFAR-Supported Countries, 2020.

Fisher, Kiva A / Patel, Sadhna V / Mehta, Neha / Stewart, Andrea / Medley, Amy / Dokubo, Emily Kainne / Shang, Judith D / Wright, Janell / Rodas, Jose / Balachandra, Shirish / Kitenge, Francois / Mpingulu, Minlangu / García, Macarena C / Bonilla, Luis / Quaye, Silas / Melchior, Michael / Banchongphanith, Ketmala / Phokhasawad, Kunjanakorn / Nkanaunena, Kondwani /

Maida, Alice / Couto, Aleny / Mizela, Jose / Ibrahim, Jahun / Charles, Ogbanufe Obinna / Malamba, Samuel S / Musoni, Canisious / Bolo, Alex / Bunga, Sudhir / Lolekha, Rangsima / Kiatchanon, Wiphawee / Bhatia, Ramona / Nguyen, Chi / Aberle-Grasse, John

MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report

2022 Volume 71, Issue 12, Page(s) 447–452

Abstract: The U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) supports country programs in identifying persons living with HIV infection (PLHIV), providing life-saving treatment, and reducing the spread of HIV in countries around the world (1,2). CDC used ...

Abstract	The U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) supports country programs in identifying persons living with HIV infection (PLHIV), providing life-saving treatment, and reducing the spread of HIV in countries around the world (1,2). CDC used Monitoring, Evaluation, and Reporting (MER) data* to assess the extent to which COVID-19 mitigation strategies affected HIV service delivery across the HIV care continuum
MeSH term(s)	Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use ; COVID-19 ; Global Health ; Government Programs ; HIV Infections/diagnosis ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; United States
Chemical Substances	Anti-Retroviral Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	412775-4
ISSN	1545-861X ; 0149-2195
ISSN (online)	1545-861X
ISSN	0149-2195
DOI	10.15585/mmwr.mm7112a2
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Article ; Online: Mortality Among Children Aged <5 Years Living with HIV Who Are Receiving Antiretroviral Treatment - U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief, 28 Supported Countries and Regions, October 2020-September 2022.

Agathis, Nickolas T / Faturiyele, Iyiola / Agaba, Patricia / Fisher, Kiva A / Hackett, Stephanie / Agyemang, Elfriede / Mehta, Neha / Kindra, Gurpreet / Morof, Diane F / Mutisya, Immaculate / Nyabiage, Lennah / Battey, Katherine A / Olotu, Ezeomu / Maphosa, Talent / Motswere-Chirwa, Catherine / Ketlogetswe, Akeem T / Mafa-Setswalo, Jessica / Mazibuko, Sikhathele / de Deus, Maria Ines Tomo /

Nhaguiombe, Herminio G / Machage, Edward M / Mugisa, Bridget / Ogundehin, Dolapo T / Mbelwa, Carolyn / Birabwa, Estella / Etima, Monica / Adamu, Yakubu / Lawal, Ismail / Maswai, Jonah / Njeru, Dorothy / Mwambona, Janet / Nguhuni, Boniface / Mrina, Rosemary / Hrapcak, Susan / Siberry, George K / Godfrey, Catherine / Wolf, Hilary T

MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report

2023 Volume 72, Issue 48, Page(s) 1293–1299

Abstract: Globally, children aged <5 years, including those living with HIV who are not receiving antiretroviral treatment (ART), experience disproportionately high mortality. Global mortality among children living with HIV aged <5 years receiving ART is not well ... ...

Abstract	Globally, children aged <5 years, including those living with HIV who are not receiving antiretroviral treatment (ART), experience disproportionately high mortality. Global mortality among children living with HIV aged <5 years receiving ART is not well described. This report compares mortality and related clinical measures among infants aged <1 year and children aged 1-4 years living with HIV with those among older persons aged 5-14, 15-49, and ≥50 years living with HIV receiving ART services at all clinical sites supported by the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief. During October 2020-September 2022, an average of 11,980 infants aged <1 year and 105,510 children aged 1-4 years were receiving ART each quarter; among these infants and children receiving ART, 586 (4.9%) and 2,684 (2.5%), respectively, were reported to have died annually. These proportions of infants and children who died ranged from four to nine times higher in infants aged <1 year, and two to five times higher in children aged 1-4 years, than the proportions of older persons aged ≥5 years receiving ART. Compared with persons aged ≥5 years living with HIV, the proportions of children aged <5 years living with HIV who experienced interruptions in treatment were also higher, and the proportions who had a documented HIV viral load result or a suppressed viral load were lower. Prioritizing and optimizing HIV and general health services for children aged <5 years living with HIV receiving ART, including those recommended in the WHO STOP AIDS Package, might help address these disproportionately poorer outcomes.
MeSH term(s)	Infant ; Humans ; Child ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/drug therapy ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Viral Load ; World Health Organization ; Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	Anti-Retroviral Agents ; Anti-HIV Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	412775-4
ISSN	1545-861X ; 0149-2195
ISSN (online)	1545-861X
ISSN	0149-2195
DOI	10.15585/mmwr.mm7248a1
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Article ; Online: Asthma status moderates the relationship between neighbourhood disadvantage and obesity in African American adolescent females.

Cahill, Laura M / Fisher, Kiva A / Robinson, William T / Beiter, Kaylin J / Zabaleta, Jovanny / Tseng, Tung S / Kepper, Maura M / Skizim, Meg K / Griffiths, Lauren A / Uddo, Robert B / Pelligrino, Nicole E / Maronge, Jacob M / Happel, Kyle / Scribner, Richard / Sothern, Melinda S

Obesity science & practice

2019 Volume 5, Issue 6, Page(s) 564–569

Abstract: Introduction: Significant health disparities exist in asthma and obesity for African American youths. Successful interventions present an opportunity to address these disparities but require detailed study in order to ensure generalizability. This study ...

Abstract	Introduction: Significant health disparities exist in asthma and obesity for African American youths. Successful interventions present an opportunity to address these disparities but require detailed study in order to ensure generalizability. This study investigated the intersection of obesity, neighbourhood disadvantage, and asthma. Methods: Data were extracted from 129 African American females ages 13 to 19 years (mean = 15.6 years [SD = 1.9]). Obesity was measured via body mass index (BMI). Asthma status was based on clinical diagnosis and/or results of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies during Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire. The concentrated disadvantage index (CDI) assessed neighbourhood disadvantage. Results: Findings showed that 21.5% (n = 28) of participants were clinically defined as having asthma, 76.2% (n = 99) had obesity, and 24.9% (n = 31) were classified without obesity. The mean BMI was 35.1 (SD = 9.1) and the mean CDI was 1.0 (SD = 0.9). CDI and obesity were significantly associated in participants without asthma, but not in those with asthma. Multivariable linear regression results showed a significant interaction between CDI and asthma ( Conclusion: In sum, results from this study found that asthma moderated the relationship between neighbourhood disadvantage and obesity.
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-10-23
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2836381-4
ISSN	2055-2238 ; 2055-2238
ISSN (online)	2055-2238
ISSN	2055-2238
DOI	10.1002/osp4.370
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Article ; Online: Brief Report: Nonfatal Overdose Events Among Persons Who Inject Drugs: Findings From Seven National HIV Behavioral Surveillance Cities 2009 & 2012.

Robinson, William T / Kazbour, Catherine / Nassau, Tanner / Fisher, Kiva / Sheu, Shane / Rivera, Alexis V / Al-Tayyib, Alia / Glick, Sara Nelson / Braunstein, Sarah / Barak, Narquis / Shinefeld, Jennifer / Poe, Jonathon / Raymond, Henry Fisher / Brady, Kathleen

Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)

2017 Volume 75 Suppl 3, Page(s) S341–S345

Abstract: The rate of drug and opioid overdose deaths in the United States has more than tripled over the past 15 years. The ability to conduct public health surveillance on nonfatal overdoses is limited. The current study used National HIV Behavioral Surveillance ...

Abstract	The rate of drug and opioid overdose deaths in the United States has more than tripled over the past 15 years. The ability to conduct public health surveillance on nonfatal overdoses is limited. The current study used National HIV Behavioral Surveillance (NHBS) data to estimate recent and lifetime history of nonfatal overdose events in persons who inject drugs in 7 cities. Recent and lifetime experience of overdose events ranged from 3% to 20% and from 29% to 63%, respectively. Adapting systems such as NHBS may be useful in responding to and monitoring emergent public health problems such as the overdose epidemic.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System ; Cities ; Drug Overdose/epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous/epidemiology ; United States/epidemiology ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-06-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Multicenter Study
ZDB-ID	645053-2
ISSN	1944-7884 ; 1077-9450 ; 0897-5965 ; 0894-9255 ; 1525-4135
ISSN (online)	1944-7884 ; 1077-9450
ISSN	0897-5965 ; 0894-9255 ; 1525-4135
DOI	10.1097/QAI.0000000000001426
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