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Article: Tibetan Medicine Shi-Wei-Gan-Ning-San Alleviates Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Chronic Liver Injury by Inhibiting TGF-

Jia, Ziming / Zheng, Yanhua / Fu, Shaohua / Qu, Jingjing / Tian, Jie / Qu, Wen / Mei, Zhinan

Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM

2022 Volume 2022, Page(s) 2011876

Abstract: Background: Shi-Wei-Gan-Ning-San (SWGNS) is a classic Tibetan prescription, which has obvious ...

Abstract	Background: Shi-Wei-Gan-Ning-San (SWGNS) is a classic Tibetan prescription, which has obvious clinical effects in the treatment of viral hepatitis, fatty liver, liver fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, liver cancer, and other liver injuries. However, animal studies and mechanism studies are still lacking. This study aimed to investigate its hepatoprotective efficacy and pharmacological mechanism in animal experiments. Methods: Chronic liver injury was induced by oral administration of carbon tetrachloride (CCl Results: SWGNS reversed weight loss is induced by CCl Conclusions: In conclusion, SWGNS alleviated CCl
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2171158-6
ISSN	1741-4288 ; 1741-427X
ISSN (online)	1741-4288
ISSN	1741-427X
DOI	10.1155/2022/2011876
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Article ; Online: Tibetan Medicine Shi-Wei-Gan-Ning-San Alleviates Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Chronic Liver Injury by Inhibiting TGF-β1 in Wistar Rats

Ziming Jia / Yanhua Zheng / Shaohua Fu / Jingjing Qu / Jie Tian / Wen Qu / Zhinan Mei

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, Vol

2022 Volume 2022

Abstract: Background. Shi-Wei-Gan-Ning-San (SWGNS) is a classic Tibetan prescription, which has obvious ...

Abstract	Background. Shi-Wei-Gan-Ning-San (SWGNS) is a classic Tibetan prescription, which has obvious clinical effects in the treatment of viral hepatitis, fatty liver, liver fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, liver cancer, and other liver injuries. However, animal studies and mechanism studies are still lacking. This study aimed to investigate its hepatoprotective efficacy and pharmacological mechanism in animal experiments. Methods. Chronic liver injury was induced by oral administration of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in Wistar rats for 13 weeks. SWGNS was administered orally to rats at doses of 235, 705, and 1410 mg/kg for 13 weeks. Blood samples were collected for biochemical, ELISA, and radioimmunoassay. Livers were harvested for H&E and immunohistochemical staining. The major constituents of SWGNS were analyzed by HPLC. In vitro experiments were used to explore the protective effect of Crocin on BRL-3A in the environment of H2O2. Results. SWGNS reversed weight loss is induced by CCl4. Serum assays showed that SWGNS reduced CCl4-induced alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, and γ-glutamyltransferase levels and increased the total protein and albumin levels. Histopathological evaluation showed that SWGNS alleviated hepatic steatosis, fibrosis, and inflammation. Furthermore, SWNGS reduced CCl4-induced elevations of TGF-β1, hyaluronic acid, laminin, and collagen IV in serum and reduced the high expression of α-SMA in tissues. Moreover, Crocin I and II are the main components of SWGNS. Crocin attenuated the damaging effects of H2O2 on BRL-3A. Conclusions. In conclusion, SWGNS alleviated CCl4-induced chronic liver injury by inhibiting the TGF-β1 pathway. This plays an important role in promoting traditional Tibetan medicine in clinical practice.
Keywords	Other systems of medicine ; RZ201-999
Subject code	610
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Hindawi Limited
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Impacts of chemical weathering and human perturbations on dissolved loads of the Wei River, the Yellow River catchment

Jia, Hui / Qu, Wengang / Ren, Wenhao / Qian, Hui

Journal of hydrology. 2021 Dec., v. 603

2021

Abstract: As the largest tributary of the Yellow River, the Wei River drains a basin mainly comprising two ... from the Wei River to the Yellow River. The geochemical characteristics of the Wei River mainstream and ... Mountain area. The CO₂ consumption by the Wei River is 19.9 × 10⁹ mol/yr, accounting for 32.5% of the total CO₂ ...

Abstract	As the largest tributary of the Yellow River, the Wei River drains a basin mainly comprising two different geological settings, i.e., the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) in the north covered by Quaternary loess and the Qinling Mountains area in the south. Exploring the influence of natural weathering processes and human activities on river chemistry has high significance in understanding chemical transport from the Wei River to the Yellow River. The geochemical characteristics of the Wei River mainstream and its tributaries as well as chemical weathering were determined using a geochemistry and isotope dataset of high spatial resolution. The mainstream clearly exhibited a mixture of major elements and stable isotopes from tributaries on both the north and south banks, with values within the range of those of the tributaries. North-bank tributaries draining thick loess deposits showed higher contents of major elements and the enrichment of stable isotopes, reflecting the influence of geological setting on river chemistry. The dominant processes accounting for the water chemistry of the mainstream are evaporite (39–75%) and carbonate weathering (21–54%). Within the watershed, evaporite dissolution and silicate weathering are higher in the northern CLP area, whereas carbonate weathering is higher in the southern Qinling Mountain area. The CO₂ consumption by the Wei River is 19.9 × 10⁹ mol/yr, accounting for 32.5% of the total CO₂ consumption by the middle reaches of the Yellow River. During the high-flow period, the chemical weathering flux of the Wei River was found to be within the range of northern rivers in China, while the chemical weathering rate was relatively high in the semi-arid region. This suggests that chemical denudation is a significant factor for the river chemistry of the CLP at least in the high-flow period.
Keywords	basins ; carbon dioxide ; carbonates ; data collection ; geochemistry ; humans ; hydrochemistry ; loess ; rivers ; semiarid zones ; silicates ; watersheds ; China ; Yellow River
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-12
Publishing place	Elsevier B.V.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1473173-3
ISSN	1879-2707 ; 0022-1694
ISSN (online)	1879-2707
ISSN	0022-1694
DOI	10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126950
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Article ; Online: A validated UHPLC-MS/MS method for pharmacokinetic and brain distribution studies of twenty constituents in rat after oral administration of Jia-Wei-Qi-Fu-Yin.

An, Hai-Ming / Li, Meng-Ning / Yang, Hua / Pang, Han-Qing / Qu, Cheng / Xu, Yi / Liu, Run-Zhou / Peng, Chao / Li, Ping / Gao, Wen

Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis

2021 Volume 202, Page(s) 114140

Abstract: ... phenolic acid, in rat plasma and brain, which was administrated intragastrically with Jia-Wei-Qi-Fu-Yin (JWQFY ...

Abstract	A rapid ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QqQ MS/MS) approach with high sensitivity and selectivity was developed for the quantification of twenty compounds, including 9 saponins, 8 flavonoids, 2 oligosaccharide esters and 1 phenolic acid, in rat plasma and brain, which was administrated intragastrically with Jia-Wei-Qi-Fu-Yin (JWQFY), Mass spectrometric detection was operated under multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. All calibration curves possessed good linearity with correlation coefficients ( r
MeSH term(s)	Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Brain ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Rats ; Reproducibility of Results ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Chemical Substances	Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; qi-fu-yin
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	604917-5
ISSN	1873-264X ; 0731-7085
ISSN (online)	1873-264X
ISSN	0731-7085
DOI	10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114140
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Article ; Online: Proteomic analysis of functional dyspepsia in stressed rats treated with traditional Chinese medicine "Wei Kangning".

Wei, Wei / Li, Xia / Hao, Jianjun / Zhang, Rong / Guo, Jianli / Zong, Yiqiang / Lu, Yanjun / Qu, Shen / Tian, Jun

Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology

2011 Volume 26, Issue 9, Page(s) 1425–1433

Abstract: ... mechanisms of Chinese traditional medicine, such as typical traditional Chinese medicine, Wei Kangning, there ... rats via tail damping and the rats were treated with traditional Chinese medicine, Wei Kangning ... corresponding with traditional Chinese medicine, Wei Kangning, administration. Twenty-eight of these proteins ...

Abstract	Background and aim: Chinese traditional medical science is generally used as a therapeutic method against functional dyspepsia (FD) in China. Although great effort is made to understand the pharmaceutical mechanisms of Chinese traditional medicine, such as typical traditional Chinese medicine, Wei Kangning, there are still many mysteries to be uncovered. Methods: The model of FD was established by stimulating rats via tail damping and the rats were treated with traditional Chinese medicine, Wei Kangning. The proteins of the rat gastrointestinal tissues were extracted and run by 2-DE, then the differential proteins were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry and validated with Western blotting or fluorescent quantitation polymerase chain reaction. Results: A total of 228 unique proteins in FD model rats were detected with significant changes in their expression levels corresponding with traditional Chinese medicine, Wei Kangning, administration. Twenty-eight of these proteins were identified, which are involved in many biological functions, such as organism antioxidant enzymes, energy metabolism, glutathione S-transferase, pi2, superoxide dismutase 2 and alpha-enolase and so on. Conclusions: These proteomic results presented therefore provide additional support to the hypothesis that glutathione S-transferase, pi2, superoxide dismutase 2, α-enolase and voltage-dependent anion channel are the targets of FD treated with traditional Chinese medicine, Wei Kangning.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology ; Dyspepsia/drug therapy ; Dyspepsia/etiology ; Dyspepsia/metabolism ; Dyspepsia/physiopathology ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional ; Gastrointestinal Motility/drug effects ; Glutathione S-Transferase pi/metabolism ; Intestines/drug effects ; Intestines/metabolism ; Intestines/physiopathology ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase/metabolism ; Proteomics/methods ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Reproducibility of Results ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization ; Stomach/drug effects ; Stomach/metabolism ; Stomach/physiopathology ; Stress, Psychological/complications ; Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism ; Voltage-Dependent Anion Channels/drug effects ; Voltage-Dependent Anion Channels/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Voltage-Dependent Anion Channels ; weikangning ; Superoxide Dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1) ; superoxide dismutase 2 (EC 1.15.1.1) ; Glutathione S-Transferase pi (EC 2.5.1.18) ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase (EC 4.2.1.11)
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-09
Publishing country	Australia
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	632882-9
ISSN	1440-1746 ; 0815-9319
ISSN (online)	1440-1746
ISSN	0815-9319
DOI	10.1111/j.1440-1746.2010.06566.x
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Article ; Online: Bidirectional effects of methanol extract of Wei-Chang-An pill on gastrointestinal transit and the spasmolytic activity on isolated rat jejunum.

Qu, Zhuo / Zhang, Jingze / Gao, Wenyuan / Guo, Huimin / Liu, Changxiao

Journal of ethnopharmacology

2014 Volume 155, Issue 1, Page(s) 203–212

Abstract: Ethnopharmacological relevance: Wei-Chang-An pill (WCA pill), a traditional Chinese medicine, has ...

Abstract	Ethnopharmacological relevance: Wei-Chang-An pill (WCA pill), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been used for treating various gastrointestinal diseases for several decades. Despite the popular medicinal use of WCA pill, less data was available to its activity and mechanism in gastrointestinal disorders. To examine the effects of the methanol extract of WCA pill (ME) on gastrointestinal tract so as to assess some of the possible mechanisms involved in the clinical treatment. Materials and methods: ME was studied on gastrointestinal transit in vivo including gastric emptying and small intestinal motility in normal and neostigmine-induced mice, as well as on the isolated tissue preparations of rat jejunum in vitro. Results: In vivo, the gastric emptying decreased and intestinal transit increased after administration of ME in normal mice. However, administration of ME accelerated the intestinal transit ranging from 0.01 to 0.8 mg/mL and reduced it at the concentration of 1.6 and 3.2 mg/mL, while the gastric emptying was inhibited throughout the concentrations in neostigmine-induced mice. in vitro, ME caused inhibitory effect on the spontaneous contraction of rat-isolated jejunum in dose-dependent manner ranging from 0.01 to 6 mg/mL and also relaxed the acetylcholine chloride (Ach, 10(-6) M)-induced and K+ (60 mM)-induced contractions. ME shifted the Ca2+ concentration-response curves to right, similar to that caused by verapamil (0.025 mM). Conclusions: These results indicated that ME might play a bidirectional role in gastrointestinal transit modulation and the effects on isolated tissue are probably mediated through calcium influx and muscarinic receptors, which provides pharmacological basis for the clinical use of WCA pill in gastrointestinal tract disorders.
MeSH term(s)	Acetylcholine/pharmacology ; Animals ; Calcium/metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Motility/drug effects ; Gastrointestinal Transit/drug effects ; Jejunum/drug effects ; Jejunum/metabolism ; Male ; Methanol/chemistry ; Mice ; Muscle Contraction/drug effects ; Neostigmine/pharmacology ; Parasympatholytics/administration & dosage ; Parasympatholytics/pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, Muscarinic/drug effects ; Receptors, Muscarinic/metabolism ; Verapamil/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Parasympatholytics ; Receptors, Muscarinic ; Wei-Chang-An-Wan ; Neostigmine (3982TWQ96G) ; Verapamil (CJ0O37KU29) ; Acetylcholine (N9YNS0M02X) ; Calcium (SY7Q814VUP) ; Methanol (Y4S76JWI15)
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-08-08
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	134511-4
ISSN	1872-7573 ; 0378-8741
ISSN (online)	1872-7573
ISSN	0378-8741
DOI	10.1016/j.jep.2014.05.017
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Article: Bidirectional effects of methanol extract of Wei-Chang-An pill on gastrointestinal transit and the spasmolytic activity on isolated rat jejunum

Qu, Zhuo / Changxiao Liu / Huimin Guo / Jingze Zhang / Wenyuan Gao

Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2014 Aug. 08, v. 155, no. 1

2014

Abstract: Wei-Chang-An pill (WCA pill), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been used for treating various ...

Abstract	Wei-Chang-An pill (WCA pill), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been used for treating various gastrointestinal diseases for several decades. Despite the popular medicinal use of WCA pill, less data was available to its activity and mechanism in gastrointestinal disorders. To examine the effects of the methanol extract of WCA pill (ME) on gastrointestinal tract so as to assess some of the possible mechanisms involved in the clinical treatment.ME was studied on gastrointestinal transit in vivo including gastric emptying and small intestinal motility in normal and neostigmine-induced mice, as well as on the isolated tissue preparations of rat jejunum in vitro.In vivo, the gastric emptying decreased and intestinal transit increased after administration of ME in normal mice. However, administration of ME accelerated the intestinal transit ranging from 0.01 to 0.8mg/mL and reduced it at the concentration of 1.6 and 3.2mg/mL, while the gastric emptying was inhibited throughout the concentrations in neostigmine-induced mice. in vitro, ME caused inhibitory effect on the spontaneous contraction of rat-isolated jejunum in dose-dependent manner ranging from 0.01 to 6mg/mL and also relaxed the acetylcholine chloride (Ach, 10−6M)-induced and K+ (60mM)-induced contractions. ME shifted the Ca2+ concentration–response curves to right, similar to that caused by verapamil (0.025mM).These results indicated that ME might play a bidirectional role in gastrointestinal transit modulation and the effects on isolated tissue are probably mediated through calcium influx and muscarinic receptors, which provides pharmacological basis for the clinical use of WCA pill in gastrointestinal tract disorders.
Keywords	acetylcholine ; calcium ; chlorides ; digestive system diseases ; dose response ; gastric emptying ; gastrointestinal transit ; jejunum ; methanol ; mice ; muscarine receptors ; Oriental traditional medicine ; parasympatholytics ; potassium ; rats ; verapamil
Language	English
Dates of publication	2014-0808
Size	p. 203-212.
Publishing place	Elsevier Ireland Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	134511-4
ISSN	1872-7573 ; 0378-8741
ISSN (online)	1872-7573
ISSN	0378-8741
DOI	10.1016/j.jep.2014.05.017
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Article ; Online: Study on the effect of Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San decoction on patients with functional dyspepsia.

Qu, Yang / Gan, Hong Quan / Mei, Qi Bing / Liu, Li

Phytotherapy research : PTR

2010 Volume 24, Issue 2, Page(s) 245–248

Abstract: The effect of Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San (JWXYS) decoction on patients with functional dyspepsia was ...

Abstract	The effect of Jia-Wei-Xiao-Yao-San (JWXYS) decoction on patients with functional dyspepsia was studied by means of electrogastrography (EGG) and symptoms of dyspepsia were assessed. Twenty patients with functional dyspepsia were selected; before and after internal treatment with JWXYS, the integrated symptoms of the patients were down-regulated from 18.55 +/- 3.24 (before treatment) to 11.65 +/- 2.37 (after treatment) (p < 0.01); electrogastrography showed that all the EGG parameters of the patients were outside the normal range. After treatment with JWXYS, all these indices improved before and after dinner. The results showed that the JWXYS decoction could not only improve the symptoms, but also adjust the abnormal gastric motility and gastric myoelectrical activity of patients with functional dyspepsia.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Diagnostic Techniques, Digestive System ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology ; Dyspepsia/drug therapy ; Electrodiagnosis/methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Phytotherapy ; Treatment Outcome
Chemical Substances	Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; kamisyoyo san
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-02
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	639136-9
ISSN	1099-1573 ; 0951-418X
ISSN (online)	1099-1573
ISSN	0951-418X
DOI	10.1002/ptr.2920
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Article ; Online: Targeted isolation and structure elucidation of stilbene glycosides from the bark of Lysidice brevicalyx Wei guided by biological and chemical screening.

Hu, Youcai / Ma, Shuanggang / Li, Jianbei / Yu, Shishan / Qu, Jing / Liu, Jing / Du, Dan

Journal of natural products

2008 Volume 71, Issue 11, Page(s) 1800–1805

Abstract: ... the antioxidant constituents of the bark of Lysidice brevicalyx Wei. The procedure allowed the rapid ...

Abstract	An efficient procedure based on biological and chemical screening has been performed to investigate the antioxidant constituents of the bark of Lysidice brevicalyx Wei. The procedure allowed the rapid identification of known compounds and tentative characterization of unknown compounds by online LC/UV/ESIMS(n) analyses of the antioxidant fraction. Targeted isolation of the unknown compounds has led to the discovery of seven new stilbene glycosides, named lysidisides L-R (1-7), together with a known stilbene glycoside, (E)-resveratrol 3-O-rutinoside (8). The structures of these compounds were further determined on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical evidence. The antioxidant activities of compounds 1-8 and two related compounds, (E)-polydatin (9) and lysidiside E (11), were evaluated. The known compound (E)-polydatin (9) showed antioxidant activity at concentrations of 10(-4) and 10(-5) mol/L.
MeSH term(s)	Antioxidants/chemistry ; Antioxidants/isolation & purification ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/isolation & purification ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology ; Fabaceae/chemistry ; Glucosides/chemistry ; Glucosides/isolation & purification ; Glucosides/pharmacology ; Glycosides/chemistry ; Glycosides/isolation & purification ; Glycosides/pharmacology ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Bark/chemistry ; Stilbenes/chemistry ; Stilbenes/isolation & purification ; Stilbenes/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Antioxidants ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Glucosides ; Glycosides ; Stilbenes ; resveratrol (Q369O8926L) ; polydatin (XM261C37CQ)
Language	English
Publishing date	2008-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	304325-3
ISSN	1520-6025 ; 0163-3864
ISSN (online)	1520-6025
ISSN	0163-3864
DOI	10.1021/np800083x
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Article ; Online: Structural characterization of trace stilbene glycosides in Lysidice brevicalyx Wei using liquid chromatography/diode-array detection/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry.

Hu, Youcai / Qu, Jing / Liu, Yuanyan / Yu, Shishan / Li, Jianbei / Zhang, Jinlan / Du, Dan

Journal of chromatography. B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences

2010 Volume 878, Issue 1, Page(s) 1–7

Abstract: The mass fragmentation patterns of stilbene glycosides isolated from the genus Lysidice were investigated by negative ion electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry, and the influence of collision energy on their fragmentation behavior is discussed. ...

Abstract	The mass fragmentation patterns of stilbene glycosides isolated from the genus Lysidice were investigated by negative ion electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry, and the influence of collision energy on their fragmentation behavior is discussed. It is found that the presence of the Y(0)(-) and B(0)(-) ions in the MS(2) spectra is characteristic for 1-->6 linked diglycosyl stilbenes, while the Y(0)(-), Y(1)(-), and Z(1)(-) ions are representative ions of 1-->2 linked diglycosyl stilbenes. These results indicate that ESI-MS(n) in the negative ion mode can be used to differentiate 1-->6 and 1-->2 linked diglycosyl stilbenes. Based on the fragmentation rules, 9 new trace constituents were identified or tentatively characterized in a fraction of Lysidice brevicalyx by using HPLC/HRMS and HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS(n). The results of the present study can assist in on-line structural identification of analogous constituents and targeted isolation of novel compounds from crude plant extracts.
MeSH term(s)	Chromatography, Liquid/methods ; Fabaceae/chemistry ; Glycosides/chemistry ; Plant Bark/chemistry ; Plant Extracts/chemistry ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization/methods ; Stilbenes/chemistry ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods
Chemical Substances	Glycosides ; Plant Extracts ; Stilbenes
Language	English
Publishing date	2010-01-01
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1180823-8
ISSN	1873-376X ; 0378-4347 ; 1570-0232 ; 1387-2273
ISSN (online)	1873-376X
ISSN	0378-4347 ; 1570-0232 ; 1387-2273
DOI	10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.09.033
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