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Article ; Online: Monovalent cation localization in DNA A‐tracts with different sequences

Stellwagen, Earle / Stellwagen, Nancy C.

ELECTROPHORESIS. 2023 Sept., v. 44, no. 17-18 p.1414-1422

2023

Abstract: ... 1.00 in 0.3 M TPA⁺, indicating that the A‐tract and reference oligomers had the same B‐form ... in the A‐tract minor groove, suggesting that the A‐tract was now in the B* conformation. If the A‐tract contained ... in solution appear to exist as mixtures of the B and B* conformations, with the fractional concentration ...

Abstract	The free solution mobilities of 26‐base pair (bp) DNA oligomers containing A‐tracts with and without internal ApT steps have been measured by capillary electrophoresis, using the mobility of a 26‐bp random‐sequence oligomer as a reference. The background electrolytes (BGEs) contained mixtures of Li⁺ and tetrapropylammonium (TPA⁺) ions, keeping the total cation concentration constant at 0.3 M. The mobility ratios equaled 1.00 in 0.3 M TPA⁺, indicating that the A‐tract and reference oligomers had the same B‐form conformation in this BGE. With increasing [Li⁺], the mobility ratio decreased as Li⁺ ions became localized in the A‐tract minor groove, suggesting that the A‐tract was now in the B* conformation. If the A‐tract contained an internal ApT step and the oligomer contained less than ∼50% A + T, the mobility ratio reached a reduced plateau value that remained constant as the [Li⁺] increased to 0.3 M. However, for A‐tracts without an internal ApT step and for A‐tracts embedded in oligomers containing more than 50% A + T, the mobility ratios increased again at high [Li⁺], eventually reaching a plateau value of 1.00. Hence, DNA A‐tracts in solution appear to exist as mixtures of the B and B* conformations, with the fractional concentration of each conformer depending on the [Li⁺], the A‐tract sequence, and the total A + T content of the oligomer.
Keywords	DNA ; capillary electrophoresis ; cations
Language	English
Dates of publication	2023-09
Size	p. 1414-1422.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
Note	JOURNAL ARTICLE
ZDB-ID	619001-7
ISSN	1522-2683 ; 0173-0835
ISSN (online)	1522-2683
ISSN	0173-0835
DOI	10.1002/elps.202300063
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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Article: Empowerment Approaches in Childhood Weight Management: A Systematic Review

Earle, Renae / Littlewood, Robyn / Nalatu, Simone / Walker, Jacqueline

Childhood obesity. 2022 Jan. 01, v. 18, no. 1

2022

Abstract: ... Twenty-five studies rated positive and four rated neutral. Overall, the evidence body rated “B.” Seventy ...

Abstract	Empowerment interventions facilitate individuals, organizations, and communities to gain better control over their health. They are distinctly different from traditional behavior change models and encourage participants to set their own health priorities and agenda. Current evidence suggests empowerment interventions are efficacious for smoking, sexual, and mental health outcomes. However, empowerment in childhood obesity (which remains a global public health challenge) is underresearched. This review systematically analyzed the evidence for empowerment approaches in childhood weight management. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed. A search strategy was applied to six databases from inception to May 25, 2021. Evidence was appraised using The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Quality Criteria Checklist and National Health and Medical Research Council Levels of Evidence. Of the 9274 articles identified, 29 articles describing 14 programs met the inclusion criteria. Twenty-five studies rated positive and four rated neutral. Overall, the evidence body rated “B.” Seventy-two percent of the 3318 participants were from priority populations, highlighting the unique ability of empowerment interventions to engage those most in need. Results demonstrate small to large improvements in participant body mass index with effect sizes ranging from 0.08 to 1.13. Throughout the literature, empowerment was measured inconsistently and usually with a surrogate marker. All studies were set in America or Canada. This review suggests empowerment should be further investigated in childhood weight management. Empowerment interventions represent a unique opportunity to meaningfully integrate self-determination to clinical childhood weight management practice and overcome current barriers related to priority population engagement.
Keywords	behavior change ; biomedical research ; body mass index ; childhood ; childhood obesity ; dietetics ; mental health ; meta-analysis ; public health ; systematic review ; weight control ; Canada
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-0101
Size	p. 2-30.
Publishing place	Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	2639910-6
ISSN	2153-2176 ; 2153-2168
ISSN (online)	2153-2176
ISSN	2153-2168
DOI	10.1089/chi.2021.0049
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Article ; Online: Screening trials of spinal cord stimulation for neuropathic pain in England-A budget impact analysis.

Duarte, Rui V / Houten, Rachel / Nevitt, Sarah / Brookes, Morag / Bell, Jill / Earle, Jenny / Gulve, Ashish / Thomson, Simon / Baranidharan, Ganesan / North, Richard B / Taylor, Rod S / Eldabe, Sam

Frontiers in pain research (Lausanne, Switzerland)

2022 Volume 3, Page(s) 974904

Abstract: Screening trials of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) prior to full implantation of a device are recommended by expert guidelines and international regulators. The current study sought to estimate the budget impact of a screening trial of SCS and the costs ... ...

Abstract	Screening trials of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) prior to full implantation of a device are recommended by expert guidelines and international regulators. The current study sought to estimate the budget impact of a screening trial of SCS and the costs or savings of discontinuing the use of a screening trial. A budget impact analysis was performed considering a study population that reflects the size and characteristics of a patient population with neuropathic pain in England eligible for SCS. The perspective adopted was that of the NHS with a 5-year time horizon. The base case analysis indicate that a no screening trial strategy would result in cost-savings to the NHS England of £400,000-£500,000 per year. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate different scenarios. If ≥5% of the eligible neuropathic pain population received a SCS device, cost-savings would be >£2.5 million/year. In contrast, at the lowest assumed cost of a screening trial (£1,950/patient), a screening trial prior to SCS implantation would be cost-saving. The proportion of patients having an unsuccessful screening trial would have to be ≥14.4% for current practice of a screening trial to be cost-saving. The findings from this budget impact analysis support the results of a recent UK multicenter randomized controlled trial (TRIAL-STIM) of a policy for the discontinuation of compulsory SCS screening trials, namely that such a policy would result in considerable cost-savings to healthcare systems.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-09-06
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2673-561X
ISSN (online)	2673-561X
DOI	10.3389/fpain.2022.974904
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Article: Fatal agranulocytosis due to promazine hydrochloride.

EARLE, B V

Lancet (London, England)

2003 Volume 273, Issue 7002, Page(s) 925–926

MeSH term(s)	Agranulocytosis/etiology ; Humans ; Phenothiazines/analogs & derivatives ; Promazine
Chemical Substances	Phenothiazines ; phenothiazine (GS9EX7QNU6) ; Promazine (O9M39HTM5W)
Language	English
Publishing date	2003-03-17
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3306-6
ISSN	1474-547X ; 0140-6736 ; 0023-7507
ISSN (online)	1474-547X
ISSN	0140-6736 ; 0023-7507
DOI	10.1016/s0140-6736(57)92383-8
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Article: Early maternal deprivation and later psychiatric illness.

EARLE, A M / EARLE, B V

The American journal of orthopsychiatry

2003 Volume 31, Page(s) 181–186

MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Maternal Deprivation ; Mental Disorders/etiology ; Parent-Child Relations
Language	English
Publishing date	2003-09-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	280031-7
ISSN	1939-0025 ; 0002-9432
ISSN (online)	1939-0025
ISSN	0002-9432
DOI	10.1111/j.1939-0025.1961.tb02117.x
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Article: The blood pressure response to pain and emotion in schizophrenia.

EARLE, A / EARLE, B V

The Journal of nervous and mental disease

2003 Volume 121, Issue 2, Page(s) 132–139

MeSH term(s)	Blood Pressure/physiology ; Emotions ; Humans ; Pain/physiology ; Schizophrenia/physiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2003-07-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	3020-x
ISSN	1539-736X ; 0022-3018
ISSN (online)	1539-736X
ISSN	0022-3018
DOI	10.1097/00005053-195502000-00003
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Book ; Online: Exploring open-ended gameplay features with Micro RollerCoaster Tycoon

Green, Michael Cerny / Yen, Victoria / Earle, Sam / Rajesh, Dipika / Edwards, Maria / Soros, L. B.

2021

Abstract: This paper introduces MicroRCT, a novel open source simulator inspired by the theme park sandbox game RollerCoaster Tycoon. The goal in MicroRCT is to place rides and shops in an amusement park to maximize profit earned from park guests. Thus, the ... ...

Abstract	This paper introduces MicroRCT, a novel open source simulator inspired by the theme park sandbox game RollerCoaster Tycoon. The goal in MicroRCT is to place rides and shops in an amusement park to maximize profit earned from park guests. Thus, the challenges for game AI include both selecting high-earning attractions and placing them in locations that are convenient to guests. In this paper, the MAP-Elites algorithm is used to generate a diversity of park layouts, exploring two theoretical questions about evolutionary algorithms and game design: 1) Is there a benefit to starting from a minimal starting point for evolution and complexifying incrementally? and 2) What are the effects of resource limitations on creativity and optimization? Results indicate that building from scratch with no costs results in the widest diversity of high-performing designs. Comment: 8 pages, 10 figures, submitted to Foundations of Digital Games Conference 2021
Keywords	Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Publishing date	2021-05-10
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Digital Practices by Citizens During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings From an International Multisite Study.

Marston, Hannah Ramsden / Ko, Pei-Chun / Girishan Prabhu, Vishnunarayan / Freeman, Shannon / Ross, Christopher / Sharaievska, Iryna / Browning, Matthew Hem / Earle, Sarah / Ivan, Loredana / Kanozia, Rubal / Öztürk Çalıkoğlu, Halime / Arslan, Hasan / Bilir-Koca, Burcu / Alexandra Silva, Paula / Buttigieg, Sandra C / Großschädl, Franziska / Schüttengruber, Gerhilde

JMIR mental health

2023 Volume 10, Page(s) e41304

Abstract: Background: The COVID-19 pandemic brought digital practices and engagement to the forefront of society, which were based on behavioral changes associated with adhering to different government mandates. Further behavioral changes included transitioning ... ...

Abstract	Background: The COVID-19 pandemic brought digital practices and engagement to the forefront of society, which were based on behavioral changes associated with adhering to different government mandates. Further behavioral changes included transitioning from working in the office to working from home, with the use of various social media and communication platforms to maintain a level of social connectedness, especially given that many people who were living in different types of communities, such as rural, urban, and city spaces, were socially isolated from friends, family members, and community groups. Although there is a growing body of research exploring how technology is being used by people, there is limited information and insight about the digital practices employed across different age cohorts living in different physical spaces and residing in different countries. Objective: This paper presents the findings from an international multisite study exploring the impact of social media and the internet on the health and well-being of individuals in different countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Data were collected via a series of online surveys deployed between April 4, 2020, and September 30, 2021. The age of respondents varied from 18 years to over 60 years across the 3 regions of Europe, Asia, and North America. On exploring the associations of technology use, social connectedness, and sociodemographic factors with loneliness and well-being through bivariate and multivariate analyses, significant differences were observed. Results: The levels of loneliness were higher among respondents who used social media messengers or many social media apps than among those who did not use social media messengers or used ≤1 social media app. Additionally, the levels of loneliness were higher among respondents who were not members of an online community support group than among those who were members of an online community support group. Psychological well-being was significantly lower and loneliness was significantly higher among people living in small towns and rural areas than among those living in suburban and urban communities. Younger respondents (18-29 years old), single adults, unemployed individuals, and those with lower levels of education were more likely to experience loneliness. Conclusions: From an international and interdisciplinary perspective, policymakers and stakeholders should extend and explore interventions targeting loneliness experienced by single young adults and further examine how this may vary across geographies. The study findings have implications across the fields of gerontechnology, health sciences, social sciences, media communication, computers, and information technology. International registered report identifier (irrid): RR2-10.3389/fsoc.2020.574811.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-06
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2798262-2
ISSN	2368-7959
ISSN	2368-7959
DOI	10.2196/41304
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Use of a 40-day rolling incidence to monitor pertussis in Nova Scotia, 2015.

Born, B / Coombs, A / Ryan, V / LaFreniere, M / Earle, L / Fleming, S / Fitzgerald, A / Atherton, F

Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada

2017 Volume 43, Issue 2, Page(s) 49–55

Abstract: Background: Pertussis can cause a serious respiratory bacterial infection, especially in infants. Between January 1 and December 31, 2015, there was an increase in the number of reported pertussis cases in Nova Scotia (NS). Surveillance practices for ... ...

Abstract	Background: Pertussis can cause a serious respiratory bacterial infection, especially in infants. Between January 1 and December 31, 2015, there was an increase in the number of reported pertussis cases in Nova Scotia (NS). Surveillance practices for pertussis in NS were challenging because immunization coverage data are not available and rate information was neither timely nor precise with respect to geography. Public health officials in NS decided to adopt a new surveillance technique to inform public health actions across the Province. Objective: To assess the use of a 40-day rolling incidence rate to monitor pertussis activity in Nova Scotia. Intervention: A 40-day rolling incidence rate was calculated for pertussis by age groups and various levels of geography. Public health authorities continued to anticipate new cases of pertussis if the contacts of known cases were still within the incubation period (range between six and 20 days). The 40-day incubation period was chosen to reflect twice the incubation period's upper range. Rates were calculated using Statistics Canada population projections for 2014 and then compared with traditional case counts and cumulative incidences. The usefulness of the statistics was assessed by public health decision makers. Outcomes: Increased pertussis activity was noted across NS, most notably in the South West region. The use of a 40-day rolling incidence rate as a surveillance tool provided more timely and geographically precise descriptions of ongoing trends in pertussis activity and helped to inform appropriate public health action. Health officials valued the information provided from the rolling incidence because it allowed them to manage activities based on weekly estimates at various levels of geography. Conclusion: Rolling incidence proved to be a useful tool to monitor a cyclical increase in pertussis cases in Nova Scotia and to inform related public health actions. The rolling incidence provided geographically precise and timely information that was useful to estimate new cases in the absence of reliable immunization coverage information. This method could supplement traditional epidemiological surveillance of future communicable disease events, especially those characterized by long incubation periods and low case counts.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-02-02
Publishing country	Canada
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1146585-2
ISSN	1188-4169
ISSN	1188-4169
DOI	10.14745/ccdr.v43i02a03
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Article: Life cycle assessment of microalgal biorefinery: A state-of-the-art review

Ubando, Aristotle T. / Anderson S. Ng, Earle / Chen, Wei-Hsin / Culaba, Alvin B. / Kwon, Eilhann E.

Bioresource technology. 2022 Sept., v. 360

2022

Abstract: Microalgal biorefineries represent an opportunity to economically and environmentally justify the production of bioproducts. The generation of bioproducts within a biorefinery system must quantitatively demonstrate its viability in displacing traditional ...

Abstract	Microalgal biorefineries represent an opportunity to economically and environmentally justify the production of bioproducts. The generation of bioproducts within a biorefinery system must quantitatively demonstrate its viability in displacing traditional fossil-based refineries. To this end, several works have conducted life cycle analyses on microalgal biorefineries and have shown technological bottlenecks due to energy-intensive processes. This state-of-the-art review covers different studies that examined microalgal biorefineries through life cycle assessments and has identified strategic technologies for the sustainable production of microalgal biofuels through biorefineries. Different metrics were introduced to supplement life cycle assessment studies for the sustainable production of microalgal biofuel. Challenges in the comparison of various life cycle assessment studies were identified, and the future design choices for microalgal biorefineries were established.
Keywords	biofuels ; biorefining ; life cycle assessment ; microalgae ; viability
Language	English
Dates of publication	2022-09
Publishing place	Elsevier Ltd
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1065195-0
ISSN	1873-2976 ; 0960-8524
ISSN (online)	1873-2976
ISSN	0960-8524
DOI	10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127615
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