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Article ; Online: Hook Fabric Electroencephalography Electrode for Brain Activity Measurement without Shaving the Head.

Tseghai, Granch Berhe / Malengier, Benny / Fante, Kinde Anlay / Van Langenhove, Lieva

2023 Volume 15, Issue 18

Abstract: In this research, novel electroencephalogram (EEG) electrodes were developed to detect high-quality EEG signals without the requirement of conductive gels, skin treatments, or head shaving. These electrodes were created using electrically conductive hook ...

Abstract	In this research, novel electroencephalogram (EEG) electrodes were developed to detect high-quality EEG signals without the requirement of conductive gels, skin treatments, or head shaving. These electrodes were created using electrically conductive hook fabric with a resistance of 1 Ω/sq. The pointed hooks of the conductive fabric establish direct contact with the skin and can penetrate through hair. To ensure excellent contact between the hook fabric electrode and the scalp, a knitted-net EEG bridge cap with a bridging effect was employed. The results showed that the hook fabric electrode exhibited lower skin-to-electrode impedance compared to the dry Ag/AgCl comb electrode. Additionally, it collected high-quality signals on par with the standard wet gold cups and commercial dry Ag/AgCl comb electrodes. Moreover, the hook fabric electrode displayed a higher signal-to-noise ratio (33.6 dB) with a 4.2% advantage over the standard wet gold cup electrode. This innovative electrode design eliminates the need for conductive gel and head shaving, offering enhanced flexibility and lightweight characteristics, making it ideal for integration into textile structures and facilitating convenient long-term monitoring.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-06
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2527146-5
ISSN	2073-4360 ; 2073-4360
ISSN (online)	2073-4360
ISSN	2073-4360
DOI	10.3390/polym15183673
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Validating Poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) Polystyrene Sulfonate-Based Textile Electroencephalography Electrodes by a Textile-Based Head Phantom.

Tseghai, Granch Berhe / Malengier, Benny / Fante, Kinde Anlay / Van Langenhove, Lieva

Polymers

2021 Volume 13, Issue 21

Abstract: It is important to go through a validation process when developing new electroencephalography (EEG) electrodes, but it is impossible to keep the human mind constant, making the process difficult. It is also very difficult to identify noise and signals as ...

Abstract	It is important to go through a validation process when developing new electroencephalography (EEG) electrodes, but it is impossible to keep the human mind constant, making the process difficult. It is also very difficult to identify noise and signals as the input signal is unknown. In this work, we have validated textile-based EEG electrodes constructed from a poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate:/polydimethylsiloxane coated cotton fabric using a textile-based head phantom. The performance of the textile-based electrode has also been compared against a commercial dry electrode. The textile electrodes collected a signal to a smaller skin-to-electrode impedance (-18.9%) and a higher signal-to-noise ratio (+3.45%) than Ag/AgCl dry electrodes. From an EEGLAB, it was observed that the inter-trial coherence and event-related spectral perturbation graphs of the textile-based electrodes were identical to the Ag/AgCl electrodes. Thus, these textile-based electrodes can be a potential alternative to monitor brain activity.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-21
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2527146-5
ISSN	2073-4360 ; 2073-4360
ISSN (online)	2073-4360
ISSN	2073-4360
DOI	10.3390/polym13213629
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: A Long-Lasting Textile-Based Anatomically Realistic Head Phantom for Validation of EEG Electrodes.

Tseghai, Granch Berhe / Malengier, Benny / Fante, Kinde Anlay / Van Langenhove, Lieva

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

2021 Volume 21, Issue 14

Abstract: During the development of new electroencephalography electrodes, it is important to surpass the validation process. However, maintaining the human mind in a constant state is impossible which in turn makes the validation process very difficult. Besides, ... ...

Abstract	During the development of new electroencephalography electrodes, it is important to surpass the validation process. However, maintaining the human mind in a constant state is impossible which in turn makes the validation process very difficult. Besides, it is also extremely difficult to identify noise and signals as the input signals are not known. For that reason, many researchers have developed head phantoms predominantly from ballistic gelatin. Gelatin-based material can be used in phantom applications, but unfortunately, this type of phantom has a short lifespan and is relatively heavyweight. Therefore, this article explores a long-lasting and lightweight (-91.17%) textile-based anatomically realistic head phantom that provides comparable functional performance to a gelatin-based head phantom. The result proved that the textile-based head phantom can accurately mimic body-electrode frequency responses which make it suitable for the controlled validation of new electrodes. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the textile-based head phantom was found to be significantly better than the ballistic gelatin-based head providing a 15.95 dB ± 1.666 (±10.45%) SNR at a 95% confidence interval.
MeSH term(s)	Electrodes ; Electroencephalography ; Head ; Humans ; Phantoms, Imaging ; Textiles
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-07-07
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2052857-7
ISSN	1424-8220 ; 1424-8220
ISSN (online)	1424-8220
ISSN	1424-8220
DOI	10.3390/s21144658
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Hook Fabric Electroencephalography Electrode for Brain Activity Measurement without Shaving the Head

Granch Berhe Tseghai / Benny Malengier / Kinde Anlay Fante / Lieva Van Langenhove

Polymers, Vol 15, Iss 3673, p

2023 Volume 3673

Abstract	In this research, novel electroencephalogram (EEG) electrodes were developed to detect high-quality EEG signals without the requirement of conductive gels, skin treatments, or head shaving. These electrodes were created using electrically conductive hook fabric with a resistance of 1 Ω/sq. The pointed hooks of the conductive fabric establish direct contact with the skin and can penetrate through hair. To ensure excellent contact between the hook fabric electrode and the scalp, a knitted-net EEG bridge cap with a bridging effect was employed. The results showed that the hook fabric electrode exhibited lower skin-to-electrode impedance compared to the dry Ag/AgCl comb electrode. Additionally, it collected high-quality signals on par with the standard wet gold cups and commercial dry Ag/AgCl comb electrodes. Moreover, the hook fabric electrode displayed a higher signal-to-noise ratio (33.6 dB) with a 4.2% advantage over the standard wet gold cup electrode. This innovative electrode design eliminates the need for conductive gel and head shaving, offering enhanced flexibility and lightweight characteristics, making it ideal for integration into textile structures and facilitating convenient long-term monitoring.
Keywords	brain activity ; EEG ; e-textile ; hook fabric ; dry electrode ; textrode ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441
Subject code	620
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Wearable Smart Textiles for Long-Term Electrocardiography Monitoring-A Review.

Nigusse, Abreha Bayrau / Mengistie, Desalegn Alemu / Malengier, Benny / Tseghai, Granch Berhe / Langenhove, Lieva Van

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

2021 Volume 21, Issue 12

Abstract: The continuous and long-term measurement and monitoring of physiological signals such as electrocardiography (ECG) are very important for the early detection and treatment of heart disorders at an early stage prior to a serious condition occurring. The ... ...

Abstract	The continuous and long-term measurement and monitoring of physiological signals such as electrocardiography (ECG) are very important for the early detection and treatment of heart disorders at an early stage prior to a serious condition occurring. The increasing demand for the continuous monitoring of the ECG signal needs the rapid development of wearable electronic technology. During wearable ECG monitoring, the electrodes are the main components that affect the signal quality and comfort of the user. This review assesses the application of textile electrodes for ECG monitoring from the fundamentals to the latest developments and prospects for their future fate. The fabrication techniques of textile electrodes and their performance in terms of skin-electrode contact impedance, motion artifacts and signal quality are also reviewed and discussed. Textile electrodes can be fabricated by integrating thin metal fiber during the manufacturing stage of textile products or by coating textiles with conductive materials like metal inks, carbon materials, or conductive polymers. The review also discusses how textile electrodes for ECG function via direct skin contact or via a non-contact capacitive coupling. Finally, the current intensive and promising research towards finding textile-based ECG electrodes with better comfort and signal quality in the fields of textile, material, medical and electrical engineering are presented as a perspective.
MeSH term(s)	Artifacts ; Electrocardiography ; Electrodes ; Textiles ; Wearable Electronic Devices
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-06-17
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2052857-7
ISSN	1424-8220 ; 1424-8220
ISSN (online)	1424-8220
ISSN	1424-8220
DOI	10.3390/s21124174
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Development of a Flex and Stretchy Conductive Cotton Fabric Via Flat Screen Printing of PEDOT:PSS/PDMS Conductive Polymer Composite.

Tseghai, Granch Berhe / Malengier, Benny / Fante, Kinde Anlay / Nigusse, Abreha Bayrau / Van Langenhove, Lieva

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

2020 Volume 20, Issue 6

Abstract: In this work, we have successfully produced a conductive and stretchable knitted cotton fabric by screen printing of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) and poly(dimethylsiloxane-b-ethylene oxide)(PDMS-b-PEO) conductive ... ...

Abstract	In this work, we have successfully produced a conductive and stretchable knitted cotton fabric by screen printing of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) and poly(dimethylsiloxane-b-ethylene oxide)(PDMS-b-PEO) conductive polymer composite. It was observed that the mechanical and electrical properties highly depend on the proportion of the polymers, which opens a new window to produce PEDOT:PSS-based conductive fabric with distinctive properties for different application areas. The bending length analysis proved that the flexural rigidity was lower with higher PDMS-b-PEO to PEDOT:PSS ratio while tensile strength was increased. The SEM test showed that the smoothness of the fabric was better when PDMS-b-PEO is added compared to PEDOT:PSS alone. Fabrics with electrical resistance from 24.8 to 90.8 kΩ/sq have been obtained by varying the PDMS-b-PEO to PEDOT:PSS ratio. Moreover, the resistance increased with extension and washing. However, the change in surface resistance drops linearly at higher PDMS-b-PEO to PEDOT:PSS ratio. The conductive fabrics were used to construct textile-based strain, moisture and biopotential sensors depending upon their respective surface resistance.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-20
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2052857-7
ISSN	1424-8220 ; 1424-8220
ISSN (online)	1424-8220
ISSN	1424-8220
DOI	10.3390/s20061742
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Development of Washable Silver Printed Textile Electrodes for Long-Term ECG Monitoring.

Nigusse, Abreha Bayrau / Malengier, Benny / Mengistie, Desalegn Alemu / Tseghai, Granch Berhe / Van Langenhove, Lieva

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

2020 Volume 20, Issue 21

Abstract: Long-term electrocardiography (ECG) monitoring is very essential for the early detection and treatment of cardiovascular disorders. However, commercially used silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) electrodes have drawbacks, and these become more obvious ... ...

Abstract	Long-term electrocardiography (ECG) monitoring is very essential for the early detection and treatment of cardiovascular disorders. However, commercially used silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) electrodes have drawbacks, and these become more obvious during long-term signal monitoring, making them inconvenient for this use. In this study, we developed silver printed textile electrodes from knitted cotton and polyester fabric for ECG monitoring. The surface resistance of printed electrodes was 1.64 Ω/sq for cotton and 1.78 Ω/sq for polyester electrodes. The ECG detection performance of the electrodes was studied by placing three electrodes around the wrist where the electrodes were embedded on an elastic strap with Velcro. The ECG signals collected using textile electrodes had a comparable waveform to those acquired using standard Ag/AgCl electrodes with a signal to noise ratio (SNR) of 33.10, 30.17, and 33.52 dB for signals collected from cotton, polyester, and Ag/AgCl electrodes, respectively. The signal quality increased as the tightness of the elastic strap increased. Signals acquired at 15 mmHg pressure level with the textile electrodes provided a similar quality to those acquired using standard electrodes. Interestingly, the textile electrodes gave acceptable signal quality even after ten washing cycles.
MeSH term(s)	Electrocardiography ; Electrodes ; Humans ; Laundering ; Signal-To-Noise Ratio ; Silver ; Textiles
Chemical Substances	Silver (3M4G523W1G)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-31
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2052857-7
ISSN	1424-8220 ; 1424-8220
ISSN (online)	1424-8220
ISSN	1424-8220
DOI	10.3390/s20216233
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Integration of Conductive Materials with Textile Structures, an Overview.

Tseghai, Granch Berhe / Malengier, Benny / Fante, Kinde Anlay / Nigusse, Abreha Bayrau / Van Langenhove, Lieva

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

2020 Volume 20, Issue 23

Abstract: In the last three decades, the development of new kinds of textiles, so-called smart and interactive textiles, has continued unabated. Smart textile materials and their applications are set to drastically boom as the demand for these textiles has been ... ...

Abstract	In the last three decades, the development of new kinds of textiles, so-called smart and interactive textiles, has continued unabated. Smart textile materials and their applications are set to drastically boom as the demand for these textiles has been increasing by the emergence of new fibers, new fabrics, and innovative processing technologies. Moreover, people are eagerly demanding washable, flexible, lightweight, and robust e-textiles. These features depend on the properties of the starting material, the post-treatment, and the integration techniques. In this work, a comprehensive review has been conducted on the integration techniques of conductive materials in and onto a textile structure. The review showed that an e-textile can be developed by applying a conductive component on the surface of a textile substrate via plating, printing, coating, and other surface techniques, or by producing a textile substrate from metals and inherently conductive polymers via the creation of fibers and construction of yarns and fabrics with these. In addition, conductive filament fibers or yarns can be also integrated into conventional textile substrates during the fabrication like braiding, weaving, and knitting or as a post-fabrication of the textile fabric via embroidering. Additionally, layer-by-layer 3D printing of the entire smart textile components is possible, and the concept of 4D could play a significant role in advancing the status of smart textiles to a new level.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-03
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2052857-7
ISSN	1424-8220 ; 1424-8220
ISSN (online)	1424-8220
ISSN	1424-8220
DOI	10.3390/s20236910
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: PEDOT:PSS-Based Conductive Textiles and Their Applications.

Tseghai, Granch Berhe / Mengistie, Desalegn Alemu / Malengier, Benny / Fante, Kinde Anlay / Van Langenhove, Lieva

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

2020 Volume 20, Issue 7

Abstract: The conductive polymer complex poly (3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is the most explored conductive polymer for conductive textiles applications. Since PEDOT:PSS is readily available in water dispersion form, it is ... ...

Abstract	The conductive polymer complex poly (3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) is the most explored conductive polymer for conductive textiles applications. Since PEDOT:PSS is readily available in water dispersion form, it is convenient for roll-to-roll processing which is compatible with the current textile processing applications. In this work, we have made a comprehensive review on the PEDOT:PSS-based conductive textiles, methods of application onto textiles and their applications. The conductivity of PEDOT:PSS can be enhanced by several orders of magnitude using processing agents. However, neat PEDOT:PSS lacks flexibility and strechability for wearable electronics applications. One way to improve the mechanical flexibility of conductive polymers is making a composite with commodity polymers such as polyurethane which have high flexibility and stretchability. The conductive polymer composites also increase attachment of the conductive polymer to the textile, thereby increasing durability to washing and mechanical actions. Pure PEDOT:PSS conductive fibers have been produced by solution spinning or electrospinning methods. Application of PEDOT:PSS can be carried out by polymerization of the monomer on the fabric, coating/dyeing and printing methods. PEDOT:PSS-based conductive textiles have been used for the development of sensors, actuators, antenna, interconnections, energy harvesting, and storage devices. In this review, the application methods of PEDOT:SS-based conductive polymers in/on to a textile substrate structure and their application thereof are discussed.
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-28
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2052857-7
ISSN	1424-8220 ; 1424-8220
ISSN (online)	1424-8220
ISSN	1424-8220
DOI	10.3390/s20071881
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Validating Poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) Polystyrene Sulfonate-Based Textile Electroencephalography Electrodes by a Textile-Based Head Phantom

Granch Berhe Tseghai / Benny Malengier / Kinde Anlay Fante / Lieva Van Langenhove

Polymers, Vol 13, Iss 3629, p

2021 Volume 3629

Abstract	It is important to go through a validation process when developing new electroencephalography (EEG) electrodes, but it is impossible to keep the human mind constant, making the process difficult. It is also very difficult to identify noise and signals as the input signal is unknown. In this work, we have validated textile-based EEG electrodes constructed from a poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate:/polydimethylsiloxane coated cotton fabric using a textile-based head phantom. The performance of the textile-based electrode has also been compared against a commercial dry electrode. The textile electrodes collected a signal to a smaller skin-to-electrode impedance (−18.9%) and a higher signal-to-noise ratio (+3.45%) than Ag/AgCl dry electrodes. From an EEGLAB, it was observed that the inter-trial coherence and event-related spectral perturbation graphs of the textile-based electrodes were identical to the Ag/AgCl electrodes. Thus, these textile-based electrodes can be a potential alternative to monitor brain activity.
Keywords	textile electrode ; e-textile ; conductive polymer ; EEG ; head phantom ; PEDOT:PSS ; Organic chemistry ; QD241-441
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	MDPI AG
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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