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Article: Measurement of Feline Alpha-1 Acid Glycoprotein in Serum and Effusion Using an ELISA Method: Analytical Validation and Diagnostic Role for Feline Infectious Peritonitis.

Romanelli, Pierpaolo / Bertazzolo, Walter / Prisciandaro, Andrea / Leone, Andrea / Bonfanti, Ugo / Paltrinieri, Saverio

2024 Volume 13, Issue 4

Abstract: Background: Alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP) may support a clinical diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). In this study, we assessed the analytical and diagnostic performances of a novel ELISA method to measure feline AGP.: Methods: AGP ... ...

Abstract	Background: Alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP) may support a clinical diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). In this study, we assessed the analytical and diagnostic performances of a novel ELISA method to measure feline AGP. Methods: AGP was measured in sera and effusions from cats with FIP (n = 20) or with other diseases (n = 15). Precision was calculated based on the coefficient of variation (CV) of repeated testing, and accuracy was calculated by linearity under dilution (LUD). Results: The test is precise (intra-assay CVs: <6.0% in individual samples, <15.0% in pooled samples; inter-assay CVs <11.0% and <15.0%) and accurate (serum LUD r Conclusion: This ELISA method is precise and accurate. AGP in serum and in effusions is a useful diagnostic marker for FIP.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-29
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2695572-6
ISSN	2076-0817
ISSN	2076-0817
DOI	10.3390/pathogens13040289
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Article ; Online: Automated hematological cell count using sysmex XN-1000V in Testudo hermanni: Agreement with manual count.

Meazzi, Sara / Martini, Valeria / Moretti, Amanda / Lubian, Emanuele / Paltrinieri, Saverio / Giordano, Alessia

Research in veterinary science

2024 Volume 169, Page(s) 105164

Abstract: Mediterranean area represents the main habitat of Testudo hermanni. Clinical signs of disease of these tortoises are non-specific, making the hematology results crucial in revealing underlying pathological conditions. However, accurate automated ... ...

Abstract	Mediterranean area represents the main habitat of Testudo hermanni. Clinical signs of disease of these tortoises are non-specific, making the hematology results crucial in revealing underlying pathological conditions. However, accurate automated identification of blood cell populations is hampered by the presence of nucleated erythrocytes (NRBC) and thrombocytes (Thr), necessitating manual methods such as counting chambers. The aim of the study was to assess the performance of the novel automated hematology analyzer Sysmex XN-1000 V, which includes a a specific channel (WNR) for counting NRBC, in accurately identify and quantify the different blood cell populations of Testudo hermanni. Additionally, its agreement with manual counts was evaluated. Fifty heparinized blood samples were initially counted using the Neubauer improved chamber and then analysed twice with Sysmex XN-1000 V. Thirteen out of 50 samples were instrumentally counted again after 48 h to assess the inter-assay precision. All WNR scattergrams were re-analysed using an ad hoc gate panel to differentiate two populations: NRBCs (weak fluorescence signal) and WBC + Thr (high fluorescence signal). Sysmex XN-1000 V demonstrated optimal intra- and inter-assay precision for NRBCs (CV 0.98% ± 1.96; 1.31% ± 2.98) and moderate precision for WBC + Thr (CV 9.24% ± 16.61; 12.69% ± 10.35). No proportional nor constant errors were observed between the methods for both the populations. The instrumental NRBC counts were consistently slightly lower, while WBC + Thr counts were slightly higher compared to manual counts. These findings suggest that Sysmex XN-1000 V can be used for analyzing cell populations in heparinized blood of Testudo hermanni. However, specific instrumental reference intervals are suggested.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Turtles ; Leukocytes ; Hematology ; Erythroblasts ; Cell Count/veterinary ; Reproducibility of Results ; Leukocyte Count/veterinary ; Blood Cell Count/veterinary
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	840961-4
ISSN	1532-2661 ; 0034-5288
ISSN (online)	1532-2661
ISSN	0034-5288
DOI	10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105164
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Article ; Online: Chitinase-1 Activity in Serum of Cats with FIP.

Stranieri, Angelica / Ávila Morales, Gabriela / Brusasco, Laura / Paltrinieri, Saverio

Viruses

2023 Volume 15, Issue 9

Abstract: Background: Chitotriosidase (chitinase 1 or CHIT1) is secreted by activated macrophages. Macrophages are involved in the pathogenesis of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). No reports on CHIT1 activity in cats with FIP are available.: Objective: To ... ...

Abstract	Background: Chitotriosidase (chitinase 1 or CHIT1) is secreted by activated macrophages. Macrophages are involved in the pathogenesis of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). No reports on CHIT1 activity in cats with FIP are available. Objective: To preliminarily investigate the possible changes in serum CHIT1 activity in cats with FIP. Methods: CHIT1 activity was measured in serum samples from clinically healthy cats (n = 17), cats with FIP (n = 19) and cats with diseases potentially characterized by macrophage activation (n = 20), after a preliminary assessment of the imprecision and linearity of the method. Results: The highest CHIT1 activity was found in cats with FIP, followed by sick cats and clinically healthy cats. The magnitude of the differences between groups was higher than the intra- and inter-assay imprecision of the method (<5% and >57%, respectively). Based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, CHIT1 may differentiate sick from clinically healthy cats and, to a lesser extent, cats with FIP from cats without FIP. Conclusions: CHIT1 activity may identify sick cats and, within the appropriate clinical context, cats with FIP, although larger and more standardized studies, coupled with additional information on analytical performances of the method, are required to fully explore the diagnostic or prognostic potential of this test for FIP.
MeSH term(s)	Cats ; Animals ; Feline Infectious Peritonitis/diagnosis ; Biological Assay ; Biological Transport ; Chitinases ; Health Status
Chemical Substances	Chitinases (EC 3.2.1.14)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-25
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2516098-9
ISSN	1999-4915 ; 1999-4915
ISSN (online)	1999-4915
ISSN	1999-4915
DOI	10.3390/v15091815
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Article ; Online: Blood gases, acid-base, and metabolic alterations in calves with bronchopneumonia diagnosed via clinical signs and thoracic ultrasonography: A cross-sectional study.

Boccardo, Antonio / Ferrulli, Vincenzo / Sala, Giulia / Scavone, Donatella / Paltrinieri, Saverio / Filippone Pavesi, Laura / Pravettoni, Davide

Journal of veterinary internal medicine

2024

Abstract: Background: Bronchopneumonia (BP) in calves potentially causes systemic changes.: Objectives: To describe metabolic, arterial blood gas, and acid-base disorders in calves with BP diagnosed by thoracic ultrasound (TUS), Wisconsin score (WISC), and ... ...

Abstract	Background: Bronchopneumonia (BP) in calves potentially causes systemic changes. Objectives: To describe metabolic, arterial blood gas, and acid-base disorders in calves with BP diagnosed by thoracic ultrasound (TUS), Wisconsin score (WISC), and combinations of WISC and TUS. Animals: Two hundred thirty-one dairy preweaned dairy calves from 13 dairy farms. Methods: Cross-sectional study. Each calf sequentially underwent arterial blood gas evaluation, WISC score, venous sampling, and TUS. Calves were grouped based on a single diagnostic method and combination of WISC and 2 TUS cutoffs (≥1 cm; ≥3 cm) as healthy, upper respiratory tract infection, subclinical BP, and clinical BP. Results: Oxygenation and acid-base variables were unaffected. Glucose concentration in TUS-affected calves was significantly lower (P < .001) than in healthy calves (median ≥TUS Conclusions and clinical importance: Clinical signs indicate minor systemic disorders compared to TUS. The abnormalities detected by ultrasonographic examination were moderate and did not deviate from normal reference ranges.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	92798-3
ISSN	1939-1676 ; 0891-6640
ISSN (online)	1939-1676
ISSN	0891-6640
DOI	10.1111/jvim.17039
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Article ; Online: Pre-analytical and analytical variability of reticulocyte counts in dogs.

Franchi, Roberta / Giraldi, Marco / Bertazzolo, Walter / Bartolini, Francesca / Di Maria, Francesca Maria / Paltrinieri, Saverio

The Veterinary record

2023 Volume 192, Issue 9, Page(s) e2733

Abstract: Background: Automated fluorescence-based haematology analysers are now available for reticulocyte enumeration in veterinary medicine, but manual counting is still largely used. This study aimed to evaluate potential sources of analytical and pre- ... ...

Abstract	Background: Automated fluorescence-based haematology analysers are now available for reticulocyte enumeration in veterinary medicine, but manual counting is still largely used. This study aimed to evaluate potential sources of analytical and pre-analytical errors when performing automated and manual counts. Methods: Automated and two-operator double-blind manual reticulocyte counts were performed on 15 blood samples. The intra-assay variation of the automated and manual counts and the interoperator variation in the manual counts were then calculated. In addition, the effects of storage were evaluated using samples refrigerated at 4°C or stored at room temperature for 2, 4, 12, 24, 48 or 72 hours after sampling. Results: Intra-assay coefficients of variation were lower for automated counts than for manual counts. Comparison between automated and mean total manual reticulocyte count showed no significant differences. In both refrigerated samples and those stored at room temperature, an increase in reticulocyte count was recorded only after 72 hours. Staining artefacts occurred only in one stored sample counted manually. Limitations: The presence of cytoplasmic particles other than RNA can cause misinterpretation of cells, leading to an erroneous reticulocyte count. Conclusion: The use of an automated analyser is preferable for reticulocyte enumeration in dogs. Common storage conditions seem to minimally affect reticulocyte evaluation; however, it is recommended to perform the analysis as soon as possible after sampling.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Dogs ; Reproducibility of Results ; Reticulocyte Count/veterinary ; Reticulocytes ; Double-Blind Method
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-13
Publishing country	England
Document type	Randomized Controlled Trial, Veterinary ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	390015-0
ISSN	2042-7670 ; 0042-4900
ISSN (online)	2042-7670
ISSN	0042-4900
DOI	10.1002/vetr.2733
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Article ; Online: Oxidative stress and canine leishmaniasis: more than a simple consequence of host-parasite interaction.

Paltrinieri, Saverio

Veterinary journal (London, England : 1997)

2013 Volume 198, Issue 3, Page(s) 547–548

MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Dog Diseases/metabolism ; Female ; Leishmaniasis, Visceral/veterinary ; Male ; Neutrophils/metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; Uremia/veterinary
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Comment ; Editorial
ZDB-ID	428614-5
ISSN	1532-2971 ; 0372-5545 ; 1090-0233
ISSN (online)	1532-2971
ISSN	0372-5545 ; 1090-0233
DOI	10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.09.071
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Article ; Online: Analytical variability and uncertainty in canine leukocyte ratios obtained with manual counts.

Moretti, Pierangelo / Franchi, Roberta / Poluzzi, Teresa Maria / Paltrinieri, Saverio

The Veterinary record

2022 Volume 191, Issue 1, Page(s) e1628

Abstract: Background: This study aimed to determine the analytical imprecision of calculated neutrophil to lymphocyte (NLR) and lymphocyte to monocyte ratios generated from manual differential white blood cell (WBC) counts in peripheral blood smears, and to ... ...

Abstract	Background: This study aimed to determine the analytical imprecision of calculated neutrophil to lymphocyte (NLR) and lymphocyte to monocyte ratios generated from manual differential white blood cell (WBC) counts in peripheral blood smears, and to describe how to report the uncertainty around a single WBC ratio result. No information on the analytical imprecision of WBC ratios in dogs is available. Methods: Coefficient of variations (CVs) of paired readings of one operator on 105 smears (intraoperator variability) and of three operators on 301 smears (interoperator variability) were calculated. The interoperator agreement was examined with the Fleiss' kappa coefficient (κ). Observed total errors (TEos), expanded measurement of uncertainty (EMU) and reporting intervals (RIs) were also calculated. Results: Median CVs ranged from 3.14 to 28.28 (intraoperator) and from 5.39 to 53.85 (interoperator). No agreement among operators was found around the cut-offs. TEos were higher than allowable total errors in 32%-88% of smears. EMU ranged from 0.10 to 1.13. According to the RI, the calculated WBC ratios should be rounded to the nearest 10. Conclusion: WBC ratios should be interpreted cautiously in dogs. The EMU should be reported to make the clinician aware of the uncertainty of these parameters. For example, an NLR result of 17 is needed to have high confidence that the result is above a cut-off of 6.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Dogs ; Leukocyte Count/veterinary ; Leukocytes ; Neutrophils ; Uncertainty
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	390015-0
ISSN	2042-7670 ; 0042-4900
ISSN (online)	2042-7670
ISSN	0042-4900
DOI	10.1002/vetr.1628
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Article ; Online: Preliminary study on the effect of season on urinary analytes in healthy Italian dairy cows.

Probo, Monica / Giordano, Alessia / Rocca, Valentina / Moretti, Pierangelo / Paltrinieri, Saverio

Veterinary clinical pathology

2022 Volume 51, Issue 3, Page(s) 408–413

Abstract: Background: Season is known to affect serum analyte concentrations in dairy cows, and the same can be hypothesized for urinary analytes, but information in this regard is lacking.: Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the effect of ... ...

Abstract	Background: Season is known to affect serum analyte concentrations in dairy cows, and the same can be hypothesized for urinary analytes, but information in this regard is lacking. Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the effect of seasonality on urinary variables in healthy dairy cows. Methods: Twelve Italian Holstein cows were randomly selected from a local herd, and urine specimens were collected once in each season of the year. For each cow, the lactation stage at each sampling time was also registered (lactation vs dry period), and physical examination and hematology and serum biochemistry measurements were used to assess health status. Three cows were voluntarily culled from the herd during the year; therefore, nine cows were included. Concentrations of urinary analytes recorded in each season for each cow were compared. Results: Seasonality affected urinary protein-to-creatinine ratios (P = 0.012) with lower median values in summer compared with spring (P = 0.020) and autumn (P = 0.004); differences were also found in urinary sodium-to-urinary creatinine ratio (P = 0.009), with lower medians in summer compared with spring (P = 0.003) and autumn (P = 0.020). The direct consequences of higher summer temperatures and the acclimation strategies needed to adapt to this environment could explain the changes in urinary analytes that were recorded in the current study; in fact, decreased food and water consumption tend to increase urinary creatinine concentrations and decrease renal excretion of proteins and electrolytes. Conclusions: The present results suggest that seasonality can affect urinary variables of healthy dairy cows.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Cattle ; Creatinine/urine ; Female ; Health Status ; Hot Temperature ; Lactation ; Milk/metabolism ; Seasons
Chemical Substances	Creatinine (AYI8EX34EU)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2114702-4
ISSN	1939-165X ; 0275-6382
ISSN (online)	1939-165X
ISSN	0275-6382
DOI	10.1111/vcp.13115
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Article: Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) and coronavirus disease 19 (COVID‐19): Are they similar?

Paltrinieri, Saverio / Giordano, Alessia / Stranieri, Angelica / Lauzi, Stefania

Transboundary and emerging diseases. 2021 July, v. 68, no. 4

2021

Abstract: SARS‐CoV‐2 has radically changed our lives causing hundreds of thousands of victims worldwide and influencing our lifestyle and habits. Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a disease of felids caused by the feline coronaviruses (FCoV). FIP has been ... ...

Abstract	SARS‐CoV‐2 has radically changed our lives causing hundreds of thousands of victims worldwide and influencing our lifestyle and habits. Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a disease of felids caused by the feline coronaviruses (FCoV). FIP has been considered irremediably deadly until the last few years. Being one of the numerous coronaviruses that are well known in veterinary medicine, information on FCoV could be of interest and might give suggestions on pathogenic aspects of SARS‐CoV‐2 that are still unclear. The authors of this paper describe the most important aspects of FIP and COVID‐19 and the similarities and differences between these important diseases. SARS‐CoV‐2 and FCoV are taxonomically distant viruses, and recombination events with other coronaviruses have been reported for FCoV and have been suggested for SARS‐CoV‐2. SARS‐CoV‐2 and FCoV differ in terms of some pathogenic, clinical and pathological features. However, some of the pathogenic and immunopathogenic events that are well known in cats FIP seem to be present also in people with COVID‐19. Moreover, preventive measures currently recommended to prevent SARS‐CoV‐2 spreading have been shown to allow eradication of FIP in feline households. Finally, one of the most promising therapeutic compounds against FIP, GS‐441524, is the active form of Remdesivir, which is being used as one therapeutic option for COVID‐19.
Keywords	COVID-19 infection ; Felidae ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; cats ; feline infectious peritonitis ; lifestyle ; people ; therapeutics ; veterinary medicine
Language	English
Dates of publication	2021-07
Size	p. 1786-1799.
Publishing place	John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Document type	Article
Note	REVIEW
ZDB-ID	2414822-2
ISSN	1865-1682 ; 1865-1674
ISSN (online)	1865-1682
ISSN	1865-1674
DOI	10.1111/tbed.13856
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Article: Identification of Protein Carbonyls (PCOs) in Canine Serum by Western Blot Technique and Preliminary Evaluation of PCO Concentration in Dogs With Systemic Inflammation.

Ruggerone, Beatrice / Colombo, Graziano / Paltrinieri, Saverio

Frontiers in veterinary science

2020 Volume 7, Page(s) 566402

Abstract: In people, serum Protein Carbonyls (PCOs) increase during oxidative stress (OS) due to oxidative damage to proteins. OS is often associated with inflammation and especially with sepsis, a condition hard to diagnose in veterinary medicine because reliable ...

Abstract	In people, serum Protein Carbonyls (PCOs) increase during oxidative stress (OS) due to oxidative damage to proteins. OS is often associated with inflammation and especially with sepsis, a condition hard to diagnose in veterinary medicine because reliable markers are lacking. The aim of this study was to assess whether PCOs in canine serum may be detected by antibody-based methods such as Western Blotting (WB), and to preliminarily investigate the possible utility of this marker in dogs with inflammation. A serum sample oxidized
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-09
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2834243-4
ISSN	2297-1769
ISSN	2297-1769
DOI	10.3389/fvets.2020.566402
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