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Article ; Online: The missing piece of the puzzle - The key role of the dietitian in the management of Parkinson's disease.

Flanagan, Richelle / Rusch, Carley / Lithander, Fiona E / Subramanian, Indu

2024 Volume 121, Page(s) 106021

Abstract: The current paradigm for the multidisciplinary management of Parkinson's Disease (PD) does not include regular nutritional assessment despite research showing that 90 % of people living with Parkinson's (PwP) lack access to basic dietetic services. Since ...

Abstract	The current paradigm for the multidisciplinary management of Parkinson's Disease (PD) does not include regular nutritional assessment despite research showing that 90 % of people living with Parkinson's (PwP) lack access to basic dietetic services. Since many non-motor symptoms such as dysphagia, constipation and orthostatic hypotension and PD complications such as weight loss and sarcopenia can be improved through dietary intervention, dietitians are a critical missing piece of the PD management puzzle. This paper serves to review the role of dietitians and medical nutrition therapy in management of PD as well as a call to action for future studies to investigate improvement of nutritional status and quality of life for all PwP.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Parkinson Disease/complications ; Parkinson Disease/therapy ; Nutritionists ; Quality of Life ; Delivery of Health Care ; Constipation/etiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1311489-x
ISSN	1873-5126 ; 1353-8020
ISSN (online)	1873-5126
ISSN	1353-8020
DOI	10.1016/j.parkreldis.2024.106021
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Article: Oxaloacetate enhances and accelerates regeneration in young mice by promoting proliferation and mineralization.

Jaramillo, Josue / Taylor, Caroline / McCarley, Rachel / Berger, Melissa / Busse, Emily / Sammarco, Mimi C

Frontiers in cell and developmental biology

2023 Volume 11, Page(s) 1117836

Abstract: Cell metabolism coordinates the biochemical reactions that produce carbon and ATP in order for the cell to proliferate, differentiate, and respond to environmental changes. Cell type determines metabolic demand, so proliferating skeletal progenitors and ... ...

Abstract	Cell metabolism coordinates the biochemical reactions that produce carbon and ATP in order for the cell to proliferate, differentiate, and respond to environmental changes. Cell type determines metabolic demand, so proliferating skeletal progenitors and differentiated osteoblasts exhibit different levels of cell metabolism. Limb regeneration is an energetically demanding process that involves multiple types of tissues and cell functions over time. Dysregulation of cell metabolism in aged mice results in impaired regeneration, a defect that can be rescued in part by the administration of oxaloacetate (OAA). A better understanding of how cell metabolism regulates regeneration in general, and how these changes can be modulated to benefit potential regenerative strategies in the future is needed. Here we sought to better understand the effects of OAA on young mice and determine whether the same mechanism could be tapped to improve regeneration without an aged-defect. We also asked which dosing time periods were most impactful for promoting regenerative outcomes, and whether these effects were sustained after dosing was stopped. Consistent with our findings in aged mice we found that OAA enhanced regeneration by accelerating bone growth, even beyond control measures, by increasing trabecular thickness, decreasing trabecular spacing, and improving the patterning by decreasing the taper, making the regenerated bone more like an unamputated digit. Our data suggests that the decrease in spacing, an improvement over aged mice, may be due to a decrease in hypoxia-driven vasculature. Our findings suggest that OAA, and similar metabolites, may be a strong tool to promote regenerative strategies and investigate the mechanisms that link cell metabolism and regeneration.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-24
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2737824-X
ISSN	2296-634X
ISSN	2296-634X
DOI	10.3389/fcell.2023.1117836
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Article ; Online: Towards enhanced telephone triage for chest pain: a Delphi study to define life-threatening conditions that must be identified.

Alotaibi, Ahmed / Body, Richard / Carley, Simon / Pennington, Elspeth

BMC emergency medicine

2021 Volume 21, Issue 1, Page(s) 158

Abstract: Background: Improving telephone triage for patients with chest pain has been identified as a national research priority. However, there is a lack of strong evidence to define the life-threatening conditions (LTCs) that telephone triage ought to identify. ...

Abstract	Background: Improving telephone triage for patients with chest pain has been identified as a national research priority. However, there is a lack of strong evidence to define the life-threatening conditions (LTCs) that telephone triage ought to identify. Therefore, we aimed to build consensus for the LTCs associated with chest pain that ought to be identified during telephone triage for emergency calls. Methods: We conducted a Delphi study in three rounds. Twenty experts in pre-hospital care and emergency medicine experience from the UK were invited to participate. In round I, experts were asked to list all LTCs that would require priority 1, 2, and 4 ambulance responses. Round II was a ranking evaluation, and round III was a consensus round. Consensus level was predefined at > = 70%. Results: A total of 15 participants responded to round one and 10 to rounds two and three. Of 185 conditions initially identified by the experts, 26 reached consensus in the final round. Ten conditions met consensus for requiring priority 1 response: oesophageal perforation/rupture; ST elevation myocardial infarction; non-ST elevation myocardial infarction with clinical compromise (defined, also by consensus, as oxygen saturation < 90%, heart rate < 40/min or systolic blood pressure < 90 mmHg); acute heart failure; cardiac tamponade; life-threatening asthma; cardiac arrest; tension pneumothorax and massive pulmonary embolism. An additional six conditions met consensus for priority 2 response, and three for priority 4 response. Conclusion: Using expert consensus, we have defined the LTCs that may present with chest pain, which ought to receive a high-priority ambulance response. This list of conditions can now form a composite primary outcome for future studies to derive and validate clinical prediction models that will optimise telephone triage for patients with a primary complaint of chest pain.
MeSH term(s)	Chest Pain/diagnosis ; Delphi Technique ; Emergency Medical Services ; Humans ; Oxygen Saturation ; Telephone ; Triage
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-12-15
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2050431-7
ISSN	1471-227X ; 1471-227X
ISSN (online)	1471-227X
ISSN	1471-227X
DOI	10.1186/s12873-021-00553-w
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Article ; Online: Association between Hashimoto's thyroiditis and melanoma: a retrospective matched cohort study.

Gorman, B G / Campbell, E / Mullen, B L / Deo, N / Ahn, J / Carley, S / Castro, M R / Todd, A / Vidal, N Y

Archives of dermatological research

2023 Volume 315, Issue 9, Page(s) 2721–2724

Abstract: An inflammatory microenvironment has been shown to increase risk for malignant melanoma, suggesting that melanoma may be related to a pro-inflammatory state. Though Hashimoto's thyroiditis is one of the most common autoimmune diseases, there are no ... ...

Abstract	An inflammatory microenvironment has been shown to increase risk for malignant melanoma, suggesting that melanoma may be related to a pro-inflammatory state. Though Hashimoto's thyroiditis is one of the most common autoimmune diseases, there are no investigations of its relationship with melanoma. We aim to determine if Hashimoto's increases risk of developing melanoma. A retrospective, validated cohort of patients with a diagnosis of Hashimoto's between 2005 and 2020 were identified using the Olmsted County database. Patients were age and sex matched to controls without a Hashimoto's diagnosis. The primary outcomes were development of melanoma and time to first melanoma diagnosis. 4805 patients were included in the study, with 1726 (36%) having a diagnosis of Hashimoto's. Hashimoto's patients had no significant difference in risk of melanoma (relative risk 0.96, 95% CI 0.78-1.17) or nonmelanoma skin cancer (relative risk 0.95, 95% CI 0.86-1.06) compared with matched controls. This suggests that the local proinflammatory environment present in Hashimoto's does not contribute significantly to melanoma risk. Larger studies may be needed to further characterize the relationship between these diseases.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Cohort Studies ; Hashimoto Disease/epidemiology ; Risk ; Melanoma/epidemiology ; Tumor Microenvironment
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-21
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	130131-7
ISSN	1432-069X ; 0340-3696
ISSN (online)	1432-069X
ISSN	0340-3696
DOI	10.1007/s00403-023-02669-4
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Article: Loss of developmentally derived Irf8+ macrophages promotes hyperinnervation and arrhythmia in the adult zebrafish heart.

Paquette, Shannon E / Oduor, Cliff I / Gaulke, Amy / Stefan, Sabina / Bronk, Peter / Dafonseca, Vanny / Barulin, Nikolai / Lee, Cadence / Carley, Rachel / Morrison, Alan R / Choi, Bum-Rak / Bailey, Jeffrey A / Plavicki, Jessica S

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

2024

Abstract: Recent developments in cardiac macrophage biology have broadened our understanding of the critical functions of macrophages in the heart. As a result, there is further interest in understanding the independent contributions of distinct subsets of ... ...

Abstract	Recent developments in cardiac macrophage biology have broadened our understanding of the critical functions of macrophages in the heart. As a result, there is further interest in understanding the independent contributions of distinct subsets of macrophage to cardiac development and function. Here, we demonstrate that genetic loss of interferon regulatory factor 8 (Irf8)-positive embryonic-derived macrophages significantly disrupts cardiac conduction, chamber function, and innervation in adult zebrafish. At 4 months post-fertilization (mpf), homozygous irf8st96/st96 mutants have significantly shortened atrial action potential duration and significant differential expression of genes involved in cardiac contraction. Functional in vivo assessments via electro- and echocardiograms at 12 mpf reveal that irf8 mutants are arrhythmogenic and exhibit diastolic dysfunction and ventricular stiffening. To identify the molecular drivers of the functional disturbances in irf8 null zebrafish, we perform single cell RNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry, which reveal increased leukocyte infiltration, epicardial activation, mesenchymal gene expression, and fibrosis. Irf8 null hearts are also hyperinnervated and have aberrant axonal patterning, a phenotype not previously assessed in the context of cardiac macrophage loss. Gene ontology analysis supports a novel role for activated epicardial-derived cells (EPDCs) in promoting neurogenesis and neuronal remodeling in vivo. Together, these data uncover significant cardiac abnormalities following embryonic macrophage loss and expand our knowledge of critical macrophage functions in heart physiology and governing homeostatic heart health.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2024.04.17.589909
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Book ; Online: Improved Type III solar radio burst detection using congruent deep learning models

Scully, Jeremiah / Flynn, Ronan / Gallagher, Peter / Carley, Eoin / Daly, Mark

2023

Abstract: Solar flares are energetic events in the solar atmosphere that are often linked with solar radio bursts (SRBs). SRBs are observed at metric to decametric wavelengths and are classified into five spectral classes (Type I--V) based on their signature in ... ...

Abstract	Solar flares are energetic events in the solar atmosphere that are often linked with solar radio bursts (SRBs). SRBs are observed at metric to decametric wavelengths and are classified into five spectral classes (Type I--V) based on their signature in dynamic spectra. The automatic detection and classification of SRBs is a challenge due to their heterogeneous form. Near-realtime detection and classification of SRBs has become a necessity in recent years due to large data rates generated by advanced radio telescopes such as the LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR). In this study, we implement congruent deep learning models to automatically detect and classify Type III SRBs. We generated simulated Type III SRBs, which were comparable to Type IIIs seen in real observations, using a deep learning method known as Generative Adversarial Network (GAN). This simulated data was combined with observations from LOFAR to produce a training set that was used to train an object detection model known as YOLOv2 (You Only Look Once). Using this congruent deep learning model system, we can accurately detect Type III SRBs at a mean Average Precision (mAP) value of 77.71%.
Keywords	Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics ; Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics ; Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Subject code	006
Publishing date	2023-05-16
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
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Article: Sex-Specific Cardiac Remodeling in Aged Rats after Early-Life Chronic Stress: Associations with Endocrine and Metabolic Factors.

Dearing, Carley / Sanford, Ella / Olmstead, Nicolette / Morano, Rachel / Wulsin, Lawson / Myers, Brent

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

2024

Abstract: Background: Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. Rates of cardiovascular disease vary both across the lifespan and between sexes. While multiple factors, including adverse life experiences, impact the development and progression ...

Abstract	Background: Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. Rates of cardiovascular disease vary both across the lifespan and between sexes. While multiple factors, including adverse life experiences, impact the development and progression of cardiovascular disease, the potential interactions of biological sex and stress history on the aged heart are unknown. To this end, we examined sex- and stress-specific impacts on left ventricular hypertrophy (VH) after aging. We hypothesized that early life chronic stress exposure impacts behavioral and physiologic responses that predict cardiac remodeling in a sex-specific manner. Methods: Histological analysis was conducted on hearts of male and female rats previously exposed to chronic variable stress during the late adolescent period (postnatal days 43-62). These animals were challenged with a forced swim test and a glucose tolerance test before aging to 15 months and again being challenged. Predictive analyses were then used to isolate factors that relate to cardiac remodeling among these groups. Results: Early-life chronic stress impacted cardiac remodeling in a sex-specific manner. Among rats with a history of chronic stress, females had increased inward VH. However, there were few associations within the female groups among individual behavioral and physiologic parameters and cardiac remodeling. While males as a group did not have VH after chronic stress, they exhibited multiple individual associations with cardiac susceptibility. Passive coping in young males and active coping in aged males related to VH in a stress history-dependent manner. Moreover, baseline corticosterone positively correlated with VH in unstressed males, while chronically-stressed males had positive correlations between VH and visceral adiposity. Conclusions: These results indicate that females as a group are uniquely susceptible to the effects of early-life stress on cardiac remodeling later in life. Conversely, males have more individual differences in vulnerability, where susceptibility to cardiac remodeling relates to endocrine, metabolic, and behavioral measures depending on stress history. These results ultimately support a framework for accessing cardiovascular risk based on biological sex and prior adverse experiences.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2024.04.03.587944
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Article ; Online: Rac GTPase Signaling in Immune-Mediated Mechanisms of Atherosclerosis.

Lee, Cadence F / Carley, Rachel E / Butler, Celia A / Morrison, Alan R

Cells

2021 Volume 10, Issue 11

Abstract: Coronary artery disease caused by atherosclerosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. Data from preclinical and clinical studies support the belief that atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease that is mediated by innate and ... ...

Abstract	Coronary artery disease caused by atherosclerosis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. Data from preclinical and clinical studies support the belief that atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease that is mediated by innate and adaptive immune signaling mechanisms. This review sought to highlight the role of Rac-mediated inflammatory signaling in the mechanisms driving atherosclerotic calcification. In addition, current clinical treatment strategies that are related to targeting hypercholesterolemia as a critical risk factor for atherosclerotic vascular disease are addressed in relation to the effects on Rac immune signaling and the implications for the future of targeting immune responses in the treatment of calcific atherosclerosis.
MeSH term(s)	Amino Acid Sequence ; Atherosclerosis/drug therapy ; Atherosclerosis/enzymology ; Atherosclerosis/immunology ; Humans ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Inflammation/complications ; Inflammation/pathology ; Models, Biological ; Signal Transduction ; rac GTP-Binding Proteins/chemistry ; rac GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors ; rac GTP-Binding Proteins (EC 3.6.5.2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-20
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. ; Review
ZDB-ID	2661518-6
ISSN	2073-4409 ; 2073-4409
ISSN (online)	2073-4409
ISSN	2073-4409
DOI	10.3390/cells10112808
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Article ; Online: Combination pharmacotherapy for the treatment of neuropathic pain in adults: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Balanaser, Marielle / Carley, Meg / Baron, Ralf / Finnerup, Nanna B / Moore, R Andrew / Rowbotham, Michael C / Chaparro, Luis E / Gilron, Ian

Pain

2022 Volume 164, Issue 2, Page(s) 230–251

Abstract: Abstract: Neuropathic pain causes substantial morbidity and healthcare utilization. Monotherapy with antidepressants or anticonvulsants often fails to provide relief. Combining different drugs sometimes provides improved analgesia and/or tolerability. ... ...

Abstract	Abstract: Neuropathic pain causes substantial morbidity and healthcare utilization. Monotherapy with antidepressants or anticonvulsants often fails to provide relief. Combining different drugs sometimes provides improved analgesia and/or tolerability. More than half of patients receive 2 or more analgesics, and combination trials continue to emerge. This review comprehensively searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, and EMBASE for relevant trials. Included studies are double-blind randomized controlled trials evaluating combinations of 2 or more drugs vs placebo or at least one monotherapy in adults with neuropathic pain. Outcomes included measures of efficacy and adverse effects. Risk of bias was assessed. Meta-analyses compared combination to monotherapy wherever 2 or more similar studies were available. Forty studies (4741 participants) were included. Studies were heterogenous with respect to various characteristics, including dose titration methods and administration (ie, simultaneous vs sequential) of the combination. Few combinations involved a nonsedating drug, and several methodological problems were identified. For opioid-antidepressant, opioid-gabapentinoid, and gabapentinoid-antidepressant combinations, meta-analyses failed to demonstrate superiority over both monotherapies. In general, adverse event profiles were not substantially different for combination therapy compared with monotherapy. Despite widespread use and a growing number of trials, convincing evidence has not yet emerged to suggest superiority of any combination over its respective monotherapies. Therefore, implementing combination therapy-as second- or third-line treatment-in situations where monotherapy is insufficient, should involve closely monitored individual dosing trials to confirm safety and overall added benefit. Further research is needed, including trials of combinations involving nonsedating agents, and to identify clinical settings and specific combinations that safely provide added benefit.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Humans ; Analgesics, Opioid/therapeutic use ; Neuralgia/drug therapy ; Analgesics/therapeutic use ; Antidepressive Agents/therapeutic use ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Chemical Substances	Analgesics, Opioid ; Analgesics ; Antidepressive Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-19
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Meta-Analysis ; Systematic Review ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	193153-2
ISSN	1872-6623 ; 0304-3959
ISSN (online)	1872-6623
ISSN	0304-3959
DOI	10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002688
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Article ; Online: Response by Lewandowski et al to Letter Regarding Article, "Preservation of Acyl Coenzyme A Attenuates Pathological and Metabolic Cardiac Remodeling Through Selective Lipid Trafficking".

Lewandowski, E Douglas / Goldenberg, Joseph R / Carley, Andrew N / Schulze, P Christian

Circulation

2019 Volume 140, Issue 19, Page(s) e764–e765

MeSH term(s)	Acyl Coenzyme A ; Heart ; Humans ; Lipids ; Myocardium ; Ventricular Remodeling
Chemical Substances	Acyl Coenzyme A ; Lipids
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-11-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Letter ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Comment
ZDB-ID	80099-5
ISSN	1524-4539 ; 0009-7322 ; 0069-4193 ; 0065-8499
ISSN (online)	1524-4539
ISSN	0009-7322 ; 0069-4193 ; 0065-8499
DOI	10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.043152
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