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  1. Book ; Online ; E-Book: Multidisciplinary Approach to Neurofibromatosis Type 1

    Tadini, Gianluca / Legius, Eric / Brems, Hilde

    2020  

    Abstract: ... included. There is a particular focus on differential diagnosis (i.e. other diseases with café-au-lait ... macules), and the recently described Legius syndrome will be presented directly by Prof Eric Legius ...

    Author's details edited by Gianluca Tadini, Eric Legius, Hilde Brems
    Abstract This volume offers an update of the clinical signs, diagnostic criteria (including molecular diagnosis) and targeted therapies for a particular type of genodermatosis, providing a handy and unique tool for early diagnosis. In recent years, our understanding of genodermatosis and neurocutaneous syndromes has increased, but although Type 1 Neurofibromatosis (NF1) is the most common neuroectodermal disorder and involves a large number of patients and medical disciplines, this syndrome remains underestimated, often misdiagnosed thus leading to inaccurate treament. The literature on the molecular and pathogenetic aspects is ample, but current clinical approaches, classification, diagnostic criteria and treatment protocols are outdated, creating difficulties in early diagnosis and treatment. As such, a chapter is devoted renewing current diagnostic criteria; it includes clinical and molecular data, to offer a sound, updated discussion basis for a consensus conference. NF1 is a “time-dependent” disorder, meaning that the onset of clinical signs are closely linked to patient age and the book discusses this particularly neglected aspect extensively, as well as the latest molecular diagnosis techniques, which are highly sensitive have not been included in the diagnostic criteria. It also explains the role of the RAS-MAPK pathway and genotype-phenotype correlations. In addition it explores new concepts concerning the pathogenesis of neurofibromas and other hamarthomas and their relevance for a modern therapeutical approach with targeted molecular drugs, as well as newly discovered aspects of NF1 in all internal organs, together with their diagnostic counterparts. A chapter on mosaic neurofibromatosis is also included. There is a particular focus on differential diagnosis (i.e. other diseases with café-au-lait macules), and the recently described Legius syndrome will be presented directly by Prof Eric Legius. All chapters are easy-to-understand, up-to-date, comprehensive and concise tools and are intended for a wide range of professionals involved with genetic disorders of the skin and neurocutaneous diseases: dermatologists, pediatricians, neurologists, oncologists and general practitioners.
    Keywords Dermatology ; Pediatrics ; Human genetics ; Neurology  ; Oncology   ; General practice (Medicine) ; Human Genetics ; Neurology ; Oncology ; General Practice / Family Medicine ; Neurofibromatosi ; Malalties de la pell ; Malalties hereditàries ; Diagnòstic ; Terapèutica
    Subject code 616.99383
    Language English
    Size 1 online resource (xii, 313 pages) :, illustrations
    Edition 1st ed. 2020.
    Publisher Springer International Publishing ; Imprint: Springer
    Publishing place Cham
    Document type Book ; Online ; E-Book
    Remark Zugriff für angemeldete ZB MED-Nutzerinnen und -Nutzer
    ISBN 3-319-92450-8 ; 3-319-92449-4 ; 978-3-319-92450-2 ; 978-3-319-92449-6
    DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-92450-2
    Database ZB MED Catalogue: Medicine, Health, Nutrition, Environment, Agriculture

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  2. Article ; Online: Capillary malformations in a child caused by a novel HRAS mutation.

    van Gysel, Dirk / de Maeseneer, Hannelore / Legius, Eric / Brems, Hilde

    Pediatric dermatology

    2023  Volume 41, Issue 2, Page(s) 289–291

    Abstract: A 6-year-old boy with multiple capillary malformations of the port-wine birthmark (PWB) type on the right leg since birth presented with a varicose vein and segmental overgrowth of the affected leg. Genetic testing on affected skin confirmed the presence ...

    Abstract A 6-year-old boy with multiple capillary malformations of the port-wine birthmark (PWB) type on the right leg since birth presented with a varicose vein and segmental overgrowth of the affected leg. Genetic testing on affected skin confirmed the presence of a somatic novel pathogenic HRAS 30 bp in-frame duplication/insertion in the switch II domain. This case illustrates the phenotypic overlap of different genotypes and shows that somatic HRAS pathogenic variants, especially in-frame duplications/insertions, must be added to the list of the underlying causes in capillary malformations.
    MeSH term(s) Male ; Child ; Humans ; Mutation ; Capillaries/abnormalities ; Port-Wine Stain/genetics ; Vascular Malformations/genetics ; Abnormalities, Multiple/pathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)/genetics
    Chemical Substances HRAS protein, human (EC 3.6.5.2) ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) (EC 3.6.5.2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-11-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 605539-4
    ISSN 1525-1470 ; 0736-8046
    ISSN (online) 1525-1470
    ISSN 0736-8046
    DOI 10.1111/pde.15458
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Legius Syndrome and its Relationship with Neurofibromatosis Type 1.

    Denayer, Ellen / Legius, Eric

    Acta dermato-venereologica

    2020  Volume 100, Issue 7, Page(s) adv00093

    Abstract: ... freckling, iris Lisch nodules and benign or malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours. Legius syndrome is ... freckling. Legius syndrome is not characterized by an increased risk of tumours, and a correct diagnosis is ...

    Abstract Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is the most common disorder characterized by multiple café-au-lait macules. Most individuals with this autosomal dominant disorder also have other features, such as skinfold freckling, iris Lisch nodules and benign or malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours. Legius syndrome is a less frequent autosomal dominant disorder with similar multiple café-au-lait macules and skinfold freckling. Legius syndrome is not characterized by an increased risk of tumours, and a correct diagnosis is important. In young children with a sporadic form of multiple café-au-lait macules with or without freckling and no other manifestations of NF1 these 2 conditions cannot be differentiated based on clinical examination. Molecular analysis of the NF1 and SPRED1 genes is usually needed to differentiate the 2 conditions. Other less frequent conditions with café-au-lait macules are Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines, constitutional mismatch repair deficiency and McCune-Albright syndrome.
    MeSH term(s) Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics ; Cafe-au-Lait Spots/diagnosis ; Cafe-au-Lait Spots/etiology ; Cafe-au-Lait Spots/genetics ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Genetic Testing ; Humans ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/genetics ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Neurofibromatosis 1/diagnosis ; Neurofibromatosis 1/genetics ; Neurofibromin 1/genetics ; Noonan Syndrome/genetics ; Phenotype ; Signal Transduction ; ras Proteins/genetics ; ras Proteins/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; NF1 protein, human ; Neurofibromin 1 ; SPRED1 protein, human ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (EC 2.7.11.24) ; ras Proteins (EC 3.6.5.2)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-03-25
    Publishing country Sweden
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 80007-7
    ISSN 1651-2057 ; 0001-5555
    ISSN (online) 1651-2057
    ISSN 0001-5555
    DOI 10.2340/00015555-3429
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Genetic basis of neurofibromatosis type 1 and related conditions, including mosaicism.

    Legius, Eric / Brems, Hilde

    Child's nervous system : ChNS : official journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery

    2020  Volume 36, Issue 10, Page(s) 2285–2295

    Abstract: ... important to differentiate NF1 from other syndromes such as Legius syndrome, to investigate ...

    Abstract Introduction: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a frequent autosomal dominant disorder characterised by café-au-lait maculae (CALM), skinfold freckling, iris Lisch nodules and benign peripheral nerve sheath tumours (neurofibromas).
    Mechanism: The NF1 gene is a tumour suppressor gene and NF1 individuals have an increased risk for a long list of tumours, all resulting from a second hit in the normal copy of the NF1 gene. Remarkably, some non-tumour phenotypes such as CALM and pseudarthrosis are also caused by a "second hit". Germline mutations inactivating the NF1 gene show a large variability in genetic mechanisms ranging from single-nucleotide substitutions and somatic mosaicism to large deletions affecting neighbouring genes. Molecular confirmation of the clinical diagnosis is becoming increasingly more important to differentiate NF1 from other syndromes such as Legius syndrome, to investigate genotype-phenotype correlations relevant in 10% of cases and to detect somatic mosaicism.
    Surveillance and therapy: Some degree of learning difficulties, attention deficit and social problems are observed in most children and affect quality of life. There is a large individual variability in complications and the evolution of the disease is difficult to predict. Specialised outpatient clinics for children have been widely established and are important for surveillance and guidance. Regular surveillance is also important for adolescents and adults because many tumour complications can be detected by whole-body MRI and treated even before symptoms develop and irreversible damage occurs. Recent data on nodular plexiform neurofibromas with continued growth in adolescents and young adults show that many of these tumours are premalignant lesions called atypical neurofibromatous neoplasm of uncertain biological potential (ANNUBP). Specific surveillance and timely local resection of these benign peripheral nerve sheath tumours might be important to prevent malignant degeneration. In the last years, targeted therapy with MEK inhibitors has shown promise to treat unresectable and symptomatic plexiform neurofibromas. Many more challenges remain to find the best way to monitor children and adults for potential complications and to find a satisfying cure for many complications in this disorder.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Cafe-au-Lait Spots/genetics ; Child ; Genes, Neurofibromatosis 1 ; Humans ; Mosaicism ; Nerve Sheath Neoplasms ; Neurofibromatosis 1/genetics ; Quality of Life ; Young Adult
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-06-29
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 605988-0
    ISSN 1433-0350 ; 0302-2803 ; 0256-7040
    ISSN (online) 1433-0350
    ISSN 0302-2803 ; 0256-7040
    DOI 10.1007/s00381-020-04771-8
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article: Challenges in Treating Genodermatoses: New Therapies at the Horizon.

    Morren, Marie-Anne / Legius, Eric / Giuliano, Fabienne / Hadj-Rabia, Smail / Hohl, Daniel / Bodemer, Christine

    Frontiers in pharmacology

    2022  Volume 12, Page(s) 746664

    Abstract: Genodermatoses are rare inherited skin diseases that frequently affect other organs. They often have marked effects on wellbeing and may cause early death. Progress in molecular genetics and translational research has unravelled many underlying ... ...

    Abstract Genodermatoses are rare inherited skin diseases that frequently affect other organs. They often have marked effects on wellbeing and may cause early death. Progress in molecular genetics and translational research has unravelled many underlying pathological mechanisms, and in several disorders with high unmet need, has opened the way for the introduction of innovative treatments. One approach is to intervene where cell-signaling pathways are dysregulated, in the case of overactive pathways by the use of selective inhibitors, or when the activity of an essential factor is decreased by augmenting a molecular component to correct disequilibrium in the pathway. Where inflammatory reactions have been induced by a genetically altered protein, another possible approach is to suppress the inflammation directly. Depending on the nature of the genodermatosis, the implicated protein or even on the particular mutation, to correct the consequences or the genetic defect, may require a highly personalised stratagem. Repurposed drugs, can be used to bring about a "read through" strategy especially where the genetic defect induces premature termination codons. Sometimes the defective protein can be replaced by a normal functioning one. Cell therapies with allogeneic normal keratinocytes or fibroblasts may restore the integrity of diseased skin and allogeneic bone marrow or mesenchymal cells may additionally rescue other affected organs. Genetic engineering is expanding rapidly. The insertion of a normal functioning gene into cells of the recipient is since long explored. More recently, genome editing, allows reframing, insertion or deletion of exons or disruption of aberrantly functioning genes. There are now several examples where these stratagems are being explored in the (pre)clinical phase of therapeutic trial programmes. Another stratagem, designed to reduce the severity of a given disease involves the use of RNAi to attenuate expression of a harmful protein by decreasing abundance of the cognate transcript. Most of these strategies are short-lasting and will thus require intermittent life-long administration. In contrast, insertion of healthy copies of the relevant gene or editing the disease locus in the genome to correct harmful mutations in stem cells is more likely to induce a permanent cure. Here we discuss the potential advantages and drawbacks of applying these technologies in patients with these genetic conditions. Given the severity of many genodermatoses, prevention of transmission to future generations remains an important goal including offering reproductive choices, such as preimplantation genetic testing, which can allow selection of an unaffected embryo for transfer to the uterus.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-01-05
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2587355-6
    ISSN 1663-9812
    ISSN 1663-9812
    DOI 10.3389/fphar.2021.746664
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: SREBP modulates the NADP

    Mariano, Vittoria / Kanellopoulos, Alexandros K / Aiello, Giuseppe / Lo, Adrian C / Legius, Eric / Achsel, Tilmann / Bagni, Claudia

    Nature communications

    2023  Volume 14, Issue 1, Page(s) 763

    Abstract: Sleep behavior is conserved throughout evolution, and sleep disturbances are a frequent comorbidity of neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the molecular basis underlying sleep dysfunctions in neurological diseases remains elusive. Using a model for ... ...

    Abstract Sleep behavior is conserved throughout evolution, and sleep disturbances are a frequent comorbidity of neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the molecular basis underlying sleep dysfunctions in neurological diseases remains elusive. Using a model for neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), the Drosophila Cytoplasmic FMR1 interacting protein haploinsufficiency (Cyfip
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Proteins/metabolism ; NADP/metabolism ; Drosophila/metabolism ; Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1/metabolism ; Sleep ; Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 2/metabolism ; Drosophila Proteins/metabolism ; Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein
    Chemical Substances Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Proteins ; NADP (53-59-8) ; Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1 ; Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 2 ; FMR1 protein, Drosophila ; Drosophila Proteins ; Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (139135-51-6)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-20
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2553671-0
    ISSN 2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
    ISSN (online) 2041-1723
    ISSN 2041-1723
    DOI 10.1038/s41467-022-35577-8
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Germline founder variant c.1998delinsTTCT in the RET oncogene: a cohort study in 15 Belgian families.

    Vuylsteke, Axelle / Hannes, Laurens / Brems, Hilde / Devis, Koen / Renard, Marleen / Uyttebroeck, Anne / Legius, Eric / Decallonne, Brigitte

    European journal of endocrinology

    2023  Volume 189, Issue 3, Page(s) 402–408

    Abstract: Objective: The c.1998delinsTTCT variant in the RET gene (codon 666) is linked to medullary thyroid carcinoma in Belgium. We aimed to study the clinical phenotype and the age-dependent penetrance in predictive variant carriers.: Design: Retrospective ... ...

    Abstract Objective: The c.1998delinsTTCT variant in the RET gene (codon 666) is linked to medullary thyroid carcinoma in Belgium. We aimed to study the clinical phenotype and the age-dependent penetrance in predictive variant carriers.
    Design: Retrospective study of index patients and predictive variant carriers, identified through familial cascade testing between 2001 and 2020.
    Results: The total cohort comprised 119 patients: 15 index patients, 102 heterozygous, and 2 homozygous predictive variant carriers. Among heterozygous carriers, high suspicion of clinical disease was present in 25 patients at initial evaluation and in 3 patients during follow-up. No high suspicion of clinical disease was observed during surveillance in 56 patients, and 18 patients did not proceed to screening for clinical disease. Compared to index patients, surgically treated heterozygous predictive variant carriers had a lower presurgical basal calcitonin, a lower disease stage, less need for adjuvant therapy, and higher chances of remission. In heterozygous carriers, median age at developing high suspicion of disease is 52 years (range 7-75), with a predicted penetrance of 62% (9% SE) at the age of 70 years. Two patients were identified with pheochromocytoma and 1 patient with primary hyperparathyroidism. The 2 homozygous predictive variant carriers presented with higher disease severity at first clinical evaluation.
    Conclusion: The c.1998delinsTTCT variant in the RET gene is pathogenic and associated with a moderate risk for medullary thyroid carcinoma and rarely with other multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A (MEN2A) manifestations. Active surveillance is a possible option in heterozygous gene carriers with a negative first clinical evaluation.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Child ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Belgium/epidemiology ; Cohort Studies ; Retrospective Studies ; Oncogenes ; Germ Cells ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret/genetics
    Chemical Substances RET protein, human (EC 2.7.10.1) ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret (EC 2.7.10.1)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-15
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 1183856-5
    ISSN 1479-683X ; 0804-4643
    ISSN (online) 1479-683X
    ISSN 0804-4643
    DOI 10.1093/ejendo/lvad126
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Impaired instrumental learning in Spred1

    Borrie, Sarah C / Horner, Alexa E / Yoshimura, Akihiko / Legius, Eric / Kopanitsa, Maksym V / Brems, Hilde

    Genes, brain, and behavior

    2021  Volume 20, Issue 5, Page(s) e12727

    Abstract: ... the RAS-MAPK pathway. Legius syndrome is a rare RASopathy disorder caused by mutations in the SPRED1 gene ... with neurofibromin, a Ras GTPase-activating protein (RAS-GAP). Cognitive impairments have been reported in Legius ... model for Legius syndrome has demonstrated spatial learning and memory deficits, but other cognitive ...

    Abstract RASopathies are neuro-cardio-facio-cutaneous disorders stemming from mutations in genes regulating the RAS-MAPK pathway. Legius syndrome is a rare RASopathy disorder caused by mutations in the SPRED1 gene. SPRED1 protein negatively regulates activation of Ras by inhibiting RAS/RAF and by its interaction with neurofibromin, a Ras GTPase-activating protein (RAS-GAP). Cognitive impairments have been reported in Legius syndrome as well as in other RASopathy disorders. Modelling these cognitive deficits in a Spred1 mouse model for Legius syndrome has demonstrated spatial learning and memory deficits, but other cognitive domains remained unexplored. Here, we attempted to utilize a cognitive touchscreen battery to investigate if Spred1
    MeSH term(s) Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics ; Animals ; Cafe-au-Lait Spots/genetics ; Cognition ; Conditioning, Operant ; Gene Deletion ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL
    Chemical Substances Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; Spred1 protein, mouse
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-04
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2075819-4
    ISSN 1601-183X ; 1601-1848
    ISSN (online) 1601-183X
    ISSN 1601-1848
    DOI 10.1111/gbb.12727
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Gonadal and gonadosomatic mosaicism in NF1: report of two families.

    Seidl-Philipp, Magdalena / Veyt, Nathalie / Schnaiter, Simon / Krogsdam, Anne / Schwendinger, Simon / Maertens, Ophélia / Fauth, Christine / Schmuth, Matthias / Legius, Eric / Wimmer, Katharina / Brems, Hilde

    Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft = Journal of the German Society of Dermatology : JDDG

    2024  Volume 22, Issue 3, Page(s) 426–428

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Mosaicism ; Neurofibromatosis 1
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-07
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 2093479-8
    ISSN 1610-0387 ; 1610-0379
    ISSN (online) 1610-0387
    ISSN 1610-0379
    DOI 10.1111/ddg.15302
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Gonadales und gonadosomatisches Neurofibromatose-Typ-1-Mosaik: ein Bericht über zwei Familien: Gonadal and gonadosomatic mosaicism in NF1: report of two families.

    Seidl-Philipp, Magdalena / Veyt, Nathalie / Schnaiter, Simon / Krogsdam, Anne / Schwendinger, Simon / Maertens, Ophélia / Fauth, Christine / Schmuth, Matthias / Legius, Eric / Wimmer, Katharina / Brems, Hilde

    Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft = Journal of the German Society of Dermatology : JDDG

    2024  Volume 22, Issue 3, Page(s) 426–429

    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Mosaicism ; Neurofibromatoses
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-06
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Letter
    ZDB-ID 2093479-8
    ISSN 1610-0387 ; 1610-0379
    ISSN (online) 1610-0387
    ISSN 1610-0379
    DOI 10.1111/ddg.15302_g
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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