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Article: The Tamil version of Eating Attitudes Test-26: Reliability and factor structure among persons with schizophrenia.

Swarnameenaa, G / Durairaj, Jothilakshmi / Madhavan, Vaishnavi K / Hariharan, Nithyashri / Arunachaleeswaran, Pavithra / Venkatraman, Lakshmi / Sankaranarayanan, Anoop / Rangaswamy, Thara / Ramachandran, Padmavati

Indian journal of psychiatry

2023 Volume 65, Issue 5, Page(s) 572–578

Abstract: Background: Disordered eating behaviors (DEBs) among persons with schizophrenia (PwS) have been reported widely in the literature, with very few studies in India. Robust tools to assess DEB are needed in the vernacular language to capture symptoms of ... ...

Abstract	Background: Disordered eating behaviors (DEBs) among persons with schizophrenia (PwS) have been reported widely in the literature, with very few studies in India. Robust tools to assess DEB are needed in the vernacular language to capture symptoms of disordered eating accurately. No such tools are available in the Tamil language. Globally, the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) is widely used to assess DEB among PwS. Aim: This study aimed to translate and study the factor structure and reliability of EAT-26 among Tamil-speaking PwS. Materials and methods: EAT-26 was translated into Tamil following the Oxford linguistic validation process. Experts evaluated its face validity and content validity. One hundred and fifty PwS, aged between 18 and 65 years, who attended the outpatient department of a psychiatric facility, and consented to participate, completed the Tamil version of EAT-26. Test-retest reliability of EAT-26 was assessed by readministering the tool to 30 PwS after two weeks. Data were analyzed using Stata 16.1. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were computed using Cronbach's alpha and intraclass coefficients, respectively. The factor structure of EAT-26 was explored using principal component analysis (PCA). Spearman's rho was calculated to understand the correlation between the factors. Results: EAT-26 had an internal consistency of 0.71 and test-retest reliability of 0.896. Factor analysis revealed nine latent factors consisting of 21 of the original 26 items on EAT-26. These 21 items could explain a variance of 63.63%. Conclusions: The Tamil version of the EAT-26 is a reliable tool to assess DEB among Tamil-speaking PwS. It can be used to screen PwS for eating disorder risk.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-15
Publishing country	India
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	221523-8
ISSN	0019-5545
ISSN	0019-5545
DOI	10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_793_22
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Article: The Tamil Version of the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18V2: Reliability and Factor Structure Among Persons with Schizophrenia.

Swarnameenaa, G / Durairaj, Jothilakshmi / Hariharan, Nithyashri / Madhavan, Vaishnavi K / Arunachaleeswaran, Pavithra / Venkatraman, Lakshmi / Sankaranarayanan, Anoop / Ramachandran, Padmavati

Indian journal of psychological medicine

2023 Volume 46, Issue 2, Page(s) 125–130

Abstract: Background: Persons with schizophrenia (PwS) are vulnerable to developing disordered eating behaviors. However, standardized tools to assess disordered eating patterns are unavailable in the regional language, Tamil. Different versions of the Three- ... ...

Abstract	Background: Persons with schizophrenia (PwS) are vulnerable to developing disordered eating behaviors. However, standardized tools to assess disordered eating patterns are unavailable in the regional language, Tamil. Different versions of the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ) have been used to measure disordered eating patterns among PwS worldwide. This study aimed to assess the factor structure and reliability of the Tamil version of TFEQ-R18V2 among Tamil-speaking PwS. Methods: Over three months, 135 PwS, aged 18-65 years, who attended the outpatient department of a tertiary mental health service provider in Chennai, completed the Tamil version of TFEQ-R18V2. Thirty PwS completed the tool after two weeks to assess its test-retest reliability. The factor structure of the tool was explored using principal component analysis. Results: The sample included 75 (55.6%) males and 60 (44.4%) females with a mean (±SD) age of 40.1 (±9.8) years and a mean duration of illness of 11.99 (± 8.72) years. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the Tamil version were 0.84 and 0.532, respectively. A five-factor structure emerged from the factor analysis, with 65.67% of the variance. Conclusion: The Tamil version of TFEQ-R18V2 emerged as a reliable tool to assess disordered eating patterns among Tamil-speaking PwS.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-12-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2622378-8
ISSN	0975-1564 ; 0253-7176
ISSN (online)	0975-1564
ISSN	0253-7176
DOI	10.1177/02537176231210401
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Article ; Online: Effects of Tham Nasal Alkalinization on Airway Microbial Communities: A Pilot Study in Non-CF and CF Adults.

Holliday, Zachary M / Launspach, Janice L / Durairaj, Lakshmi / Singh, Pradeep K / Zabner, Joseph / Stoltz, David A

The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology

2021 Volume 131, Issue 9, Page(s) 1013–1020

Abstract: Objectives: In cystic fibrosis (CF), loss of CFTR-mediated bicarbonate secretion reduces the airway surface liquid (ASL) pH causing airway host defense defects. Aerosolized sodium bicarbonate can reverse these defects, but its effects are short-lived. ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: In cystic fibrosis (CF), loss of CFTR-mediated bicarbonate secretion reduces the airway surface liquid (ASL) pH causing airway host defense defects. Aerosolized sodium bicarbonate can reverse these defects, but its effects are short-lived. Aerosolized tromethamine (THAM) also raises the ASL pH but its effects are much longer lasting. In this pilot study, we tested the hypothesis that nasally administered THAM would alter the nasal bacterial composition in adults with and without CF. Methods: Subjects (n = 32 total) received intranasally administered normal saline or THAM followed by a wash out period prior to receiving the other treatment. Nasal bacterial cultures were obtained prior to and after each treatment period. Results: At baseline, nasal swab bacterial counts were similar between non-CF and CF subjects, but CF subjects had reduced microbial diversity. Both nasal saline and THAM were well-tolerated. In non-CF subjects, nasal airway alkalinization decreased both the total bacterial density and the gram-positive bacterial species recovered. In both non-CF and CF subjects, THAM decreased the amount of Conclusions: This study shows that aerosolized THAM is safe and well-tolerated and that nasal airway alkalinization alters the composition of mucosal bacterial communities. Clinical trial registration: NCT00928135 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00928135).
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Cystic Fibrosis ; Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Microbiota ; Pilot Projects
Chemical Substances	Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (126880-72-6)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Clinical Study ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	120642-4
ISSN	1943-572X ; 0003-4894
ISSN (online)	1943-572X
ISSN	0003-4894
DOI	10.1177/00034894211051814
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Article ; Online: PSNR BASED OPTIMIZATION APPLIED TO ALGEBRAIC RECONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUE FOR IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION ON A MULTI-CORE SYSTEM

Bharathi Lakshmi Agnimarimuthu / Christopher Durairaj Daniel Durairaj

Jurnal Ilmu Komputer dan Informasi, Vol 10, Iss 2, Pp 86-

2017 Volume 95

Abstract: The present work attempts to reveal a parallel Algebraic Reconstruction Technique (pART) to reduce the computational speed of reconstructing artifact-free images from projections. ART is an iterative algorithm well known to reconstruct artifact-free ... ...

Abstract	The present work attempts to reveal a parallel Algebraic Reconstruction Technique (pART) to reduce the computational speed of reconstructing artifact-free images from projections. ART is an iterative algorithm well known to reconstruct artifact-free images with limited number of projections. In this work, a novel idea has been focused on to optimize the number of iterations mandatory based on Peak to Signal Noise Ratio (PSNR) to reconstruct an image. However, it suffers of worst computation speed. Hence, an attempt is made to reduce the computation time by running iterative algorithm on a multi-core parallel environment. The execution times are computed for both serial and parallel implementations of ART using different projection data, and, tabulated for comparison. The experimental results demonstrate that the parallel computing environment provides a source of high computational power leading to obtain reconstructed image instantaneously.
Keywords	Image Processing ; Image Reconstruction ; Iterative Image Reconstruction ; Algebraic Reconstruction Technique ; Parallel Processing ; OpenMP ; Electronic computers. Computer science ; QA75.5-76.95
Subject code	006 ; 004
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-06-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Universitas Indonesia
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article: Fluid therapy in resuscitated sepsis: less is more.

Durairaj, Lakshmi / Schmidt, Gregory A

Chest

2008 Volume 133, Issue 1, Page(s) 252–263

Abstract: Fluid infusion may be lifesaving in patients with severe sepsis, especially in the earliest phases of treatment. Following initial resuscitation, however, fluid boluses often fail to augment perfusion and may be harmful. In this review, we seek to ... ...

Abstract	Fluid infusion may be lifesaving in patients with severe sepsis, especially in the earliest phases of treatment. Following initial resuscitation, however, fluid boluses often fail to augment perfusion and may be harmful. In this review, we seek to compare and contrast the impact of fluids in early and later sepsis; show that much fluid therapy is clinically ineffective in patients with severe sepsis; explore the detrimental aspects of excessive volume infusion; examine how clinicians assess the intravascular volume state; appraise the potential for dynamic indexes to predict fluid responsiveness; and recommend a clinical approach.
MeSH term(s)	Blood Pressure ; Critical Care ; Critical Illness/therapy ; Fluid Therapy/adverse effects ; Fluid Therapy/methods ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Resuscitation ; Sepsis/physiopathology ; Sepsis/therapy ; Severity of Illness Index ; Stroke Volume
Language	English
Publishing date	2008-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1032552-9
ISSN	1931-3543 ; 0012-3692
ISSN (online)	1931-3543
ISSN	0012-3692
DOI	10.1378/chest.07-1496
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Article ; Online: Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in subjects with stable COPD: a randomized trial.

Bhatt, Surya P / Peterson, Michael W / Wilson, Jeffrey S / Durairaj, Lakshmi

International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

2013 Volume 8, Page(s) 581–589

Abstract: Background: The use of domiciliary noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure has yielded variable effects on survival, quality of life, and ... ...

Abstract	Background: The use of domiciliary noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure has yielded variable effects on survival, quality of life, and dyspnea. We hypothesized that use of NPPV in stable COPD and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) <52 mmHg might result in improvement in quality of life and dyspnea. Methods: Thirty patients with stable COPD (forced expiratory volume in the first second <50% predicted and PaCO2 <52 mmHg) were prospectively randomized to receive domiciliary NPPV (bilevel positive airway pressure, 15/5 cm H2O) or usual therapy for 6 months. Measurements were made at baseline, 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months. Primary outcomes were quality of life as assessed by the Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire (CRQ), and dyspnea as measured by the Transitional Dyspnea Index (TDI). Results: Fifteen subjects in the NPPV arm and 12 controls completed all the study visits. At 6 weeks and 3 months, the NPPV arm showed significant improvement in TDI total score. However, this effect persisted only in the TDI-Task at 6 months (P=0.03). NPPV use was associated with a small improvement in the CRQ-Mastery domain (0.6 versus -0.1, P=0.04). The arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in the control arm worsened over the period of the study, whereas it remained stable in the NPPV arm (change -7.2 mmHg versus +2.1 mmHg, respectively, P=0.02). Conclusion: NPPV resulted in a small improvement in quality of life indices in stable COPD patients with PaCO2 <52 mmHg. Future larger studies will clarify the role of NPPV in this stable subgroup of patients with COPD.
MeSH term(s)	Aged ; Dyspnea/physiopathology ; Dyspnea/therapy ; Female ; Home Care Services ; Humans ; Lung/physiopathology ; Male ; Noninvasive Ventilation ; Positive-Pressure Respiration ; Prospective Studies ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/diagnosis ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/physiopathology ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/therapy ; Quality of Life ; Recovery of Function ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome
Language	English
Publishing date	2013-11-22
Publishing country	New Zealand
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2212419-6
ISSN	1178-2005 ; 1176-9106
ISSN (online)	1178-2005
ISSN	1176-9106
DOI	10.2147/COPD.S53619
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Article ; Online: Randomized controlled study of aerosolized hypertonic xylitol versus hypertonic saline in hospitalized patients with pulmonary exacerbation of cystic fibrosis.

Singh, Sachinkumar / Hornick, Douglas / Fedler, Janel / Launspach, Janice L / Teresi, Mary E / Santacroce, Thomas R / Cavanaugh, Joseph E / Horan, Rebecca / Nelson, George / Starner, Timothy D / Zabner, Joseph / Durairaj, Lakshmi

Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society

2019 Volume 19, Issue 1, Page(s) 108–113

Abstract: Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease is characterized by chronic bacterial infection and recurrent pulmonary exacerbations. Xylitol is a 5-carbon sugar that can lower the airway surface salt concentration and augment innate immunity. We ... ...

Abstract	Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF) lung disease is characterized by chronic bacterial infection and recurrent pulmonary exacerbations. Xylitol is a 5-carbon sugar that can lower the airway surface salt concentration and augment innate immunity. We examined the safety and efficacy of aerosolized xylitol use for 2 weeks in subjects hospitalized with a pulmonary exacerbation of CF. Methods: In a 2-week study, 60 subjects with cystic fibrosis and FEV Results: 59 subjects completed the study (one subject in the saline group withdrew before any study product administration). No significant differences were noted between the 2 arms in mean changes in lung function, sputum microbial density for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, body weight, quality of life, and frequency of adverse events. Conclusions: Aerosolized hypertonic xylitol was well-tolerated among subjects hospitalized for CF pulmonary exacerbation. Future studies examining efficacy for long term use in patients with CF lung disease would be worthwhile. The clinical trial registration number for this study is NCT00928135.
MeSH term(s)	Administration, Inhalation ; Adult ; Cystic Fibrosis/drug therapy ; Cystic Fibrosis/microbiology ; Cystic Fibrosis/physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate/drug effects ; Lung/immunology ; Lung/microbiology ; Lung/physiopathology ; Male ; Respiratory Function Tests/methods ; Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapy ; Respiratory Tract Infections/etiology ; Respiratory Tract Infections/microbiology ; Sputum/drug effects ; Sputum/microbiology ; Surface Properties/drug effects ; Sweetening Agents/administration & dosage ; Sweetening Agents/adverse effects ; Treatment Outcome ; Xylitol/administration & dosage ; Xylitol/adverse effects
Chemical Substances	Sweetening Agents ; Xylitol (VCQ006KQ1E)
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-07-18
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2084724-5
ISSN	1873-5010 ; 1569-1993
ISSN (online)	1873-5010
ISSN	1569-1993
DOI	10.1016/j.jcf.2019.06.016
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Article ; Online: Inhaled hypertonic saline in adults hospitalised for exacerbation of cystic fibrosis lung disease: a retrospective study.

Pezzulo, Alejandro A / Stoltz, David A / Hornick, Douglas B / Durairaj, Lakshmi

BMJ open

2012 Volume 2, Issue 2, Page(s) e000407

Abstract: Background: Inhaled hypertonic saline (HTS) improves quality of life and reduces pulmonary exacerbations when given long term in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). While increasingly being offered for acute pulmonary exacerbations, little is known ... ...

Abstract	Background: Inhaled hypertonic saline (HTS) improves quality of life and reduces pulmonary exacerbations when given long term in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). While increasingly being offered for acute pulmonary exacerbations, little is known about the efficacy in this setting. Objectives: The authors examined the tolerability and efficacy of HTS use among adult subjects hospitalised with a CF pulmonary exacerbation and hypothesised that use of HTS would improve pulmonary function during the admission. Design: Pilot retrospective non-randomised study. Setting: Single tertiary care centre. Participants: 45 subjects admitted to the inpatient service for acute CF pulmonary exacerbation in 2006-2007. A subset of 18 subjects who were also admitted in 2005 when HTS was not available was included in the comparative study. Primary outcome: Change in forced expiratory volume in one second from admission to discharge. Secondary outcomes: Change in weight from admission to discharge and time to next exacerbation. Results: Mean age was 32.5 years, and mean length of stay was 11.5 days. HTS was offered to 33 subjects and was well tolerated for a total use of 336 days out of 364 days of hospital stay. Baseline demographics, lung function and sputum culture results were comparable in first and second visits. Use of HTS was not associated with an improvement in forced expiratory volume in one second (p=0.1), weight gain (p=0.24) or in the time to next admission (p=0.08). Conclusions: These pilot data suggest that HTS is well tolerated during CF pulmonary exacerbation but offers no clear outcome benefits. It is possible that HTS may not have much advantage above and beyond intensive rehabilitation and intravenous antibiotics and may add to hospital costs and treatment burden.
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-04-19
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2599832-8
ISSN	2044-6055 ; 2044-6055
ISSN (online)	2044-6055
ISSN	2044-6055
DOI	10.1136/bmjopen-2011-000407
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Article ; Online: Altered Treg and cytokine responses in RSV-infected infants.

Christiaansen, Allison F / Syed, Muhammad A / Ten Eyck, Patrick P / Hartwig, Stacey M / Durairaj, Lakshmi / Kamath, Sameer S / Varga, Steven M

Pediatric research

2016 Volume 80, Issue 5, Page(s) 702–709

Abstract: Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in children under 1 y of age in the USA. The host immune response is believed to contribute to RSV-induced disease. We hypothesize that severe RSV ... ...

Abstract	Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in children under 1 y of age in the USA. The host immune response is believed to contribute to RSV-induced disease. We hypothesize that severe RSV infection in infants is mediated by insufficient regulation of the host immune response of regulatory T cells (Tregs) resulting in immunopathology. Methods: Blood and nasal aspirates from 23 RSV-infected and 17 control infants under 1 y of age were collected. Treg frequencies were determined by flow cytometry from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Analysis of 24 cytokines was measured by multiplex assay on nasal aspirates. Results: We demonstrate that the frequency of activated Tregs is significantly reduced in the peripheral blood of RSV-infected infants compared with age-matched controls. Surprisingly, T helper (Th)17 related cytokines including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-17A, and IL-23 were associated with a reduction in clinical symptoms of respiratory distress. In addition, the amount of IL-33 protein in nasal washes, a cytokine important in maintaining Treg homeostasis in mucosal tissues, was decreased in RSV-infected children. Conclusion: These results suggest that decreased Treg numbers and an inability to properly control the host inflammatory response results in severe RSV infection.
MeSH term(s)	Bronchiolitis/virology ; Case-Control Studies ; Cytokines/blood ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Inflammation/blood ; Interleukin-17/blood ; Interleukin-1beta/blood ; Interleukin-23 Subunit p19/blood ; Interleukin-33/blood ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/cytology ; Male ; Nasal Mucosa/immunology ; Pneumonia/virology ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/blood ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/immunology ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
Chemical Substances	Cytokines ; IL17A protein, human ; IL23A protein, human ; IL33 protein, human ; Interleukin-17 ; Interleukin-1beta ; Interleukin-23 Subunit p19 ; Interleukin-33
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-06-21
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	4411-8
ISSN	1530-0447 ; 0031-3998
ISSN (online)	1530-0447
ISSN	0031-3998
DOI	10.1038/pr.2016.130
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Article ; Online: Propofol's effects on phagocytosis, proliferation, nitrate production, and cytokine secretion in pressure-stimulated microglial cells.

Yu, Guangxiang / Dymond, Michael / Yuan, Lisi / Chaturvedi, Lakshmi S / Shiratsuchi, Hiroe / Durairaj, Srinivasan / Marsh, H Michael / Basson, Marc D

Surgery

2011 Volume 150, Issue 5, Page(s) 887–896

Abstract: Background: Intracranial hypertension complicates severe traumatic brain injury frequently and might be associated with poor outcomes. Traumatic brain injury induces a neuroinflammatory response by microglial activation and upregulation of ... ...

Abstract	Background: Intracranial hypertension complicates severe traumatic brain injury frequently and might be associated with poor outcomes. Traumatic brain injury induces a neuroinflammatory response by microglial activation and upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin-6. To elucidate the effect of increased intracranial pressure on microglial function, we studied the effects of increased extracellular pressure on primary human microglial cell phagocytosis, proliferation, cytokine secretion, and total nitrate production. In addition, because many patients receive propofol during anesthesia or intensive care unit sedation, we evaluated whether propofol alters the effects of pressure. Methods: Human microglial cells were pretreated with (2.5-20 μg/mL) propofol or Intralipid as a vehicle control were incubated at ambient atmospheric pressure or at 15 or 30 mm Hg increased pressure for 2 h for phagocytosis assays or 24 h for proliferation, cytokine secretion, and total nitrate production studies. Phagocytosis was determined by incorporation of intracellular fluorescent latex beads. Tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 were assayed by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and total nitrate by Greiss reagent. Results: Increased extracellular pressure stimulated phagocytosis versus untreated microglial cells or cells treated with an Intralipid vehicle control. Propofol also stimulated microglial phagocytosis at ambient pressure. Increased pressure, however, decreased phagocytosis in the presence of propofol. Pressure also increased microglial tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β secretion and propofol pretreatment blocked the pressure-stimulated effect. Interleukin-6 production was not altered either by pressure or by propofol. Pressure also induced total nitrate secretion, and propofol pretreatment decreased basal as well as pressure-induced microglial nitrate production. Conclusion: Extracellular pressures consistent with increased intracranial pressure after a head injury activate inflammatory signals in human primary microglial cells in vitro, stimulating phagocytosis, proliferation, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and total nitrate secretion but not affecting interleukin-6. Such inflammatory events may contribute to the worsened prognosis of traumatic brain injury after increased intracranial pressure. Because propofol alleviated these potentially proinflammatory effects, these results suggest that the inflammatory cascade activated by intracranial pressure might be targeted by propofol in patients with increased intracranial pressure after traumatic brain injury.
MeSH term(s)	Anesthetics, Intravenous/pharmacology ; Biological Assay/methods ; Brain Injuries/metabolism ; Brain Injuries/pathology ; Cell Division/drug effects ; Cell Line ; Cytokines/metabolism ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Interleukin-1beta/metabolism ; Interleukin-6/metabolism ; Intracranial Hypertension/drug therapy ; Intracranial Hypertension/metabolism ; Intracranial Hypertension/pathology ; Microglia/cytology ; Microglia/drug effects ; Microglia/metabolism ; Nitrates/metabolism ; Oxygen/pharmacology ; Phagocytosis/drug effects ; Pressure ; Propofol/pharmacology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Anesthetics, Intravenous ; Cytokines ; IL6 protein, human ; Interleukin-1beta ; Interleukin-6 ; Nitrates ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; Oxygen (S88TT14065) ; Propofol (YI7VU623SF)
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-06-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	202467-6
ISSN	1532-7361 ; 0039-6060
ISSN (online)	1532-7361
ISSN	0039-6060
DOI	10.1016/j.surg.2011.04.002
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