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Book: Handbook of nephrology and hypertension

Wilcox, Christopher S.

2023

Abstract: ... hypertension, including coverage of dialysis and transplantation. Lead editor Dr. Christopher Wilcox and ... his team of section editors Drs. Michael Choi, Limeng Chen, Winfred N. Williams, and Mark S. Segal oversee ... of distinguished international authors from top universities in both the U.S. and China, with many chapters co ...

Title variant	Nephrology and hypertension
Author's details	Christopher S. Wilcox editor-in-chief
Abstract	"Concise, thorough, and easy to use, Handbook of Nephrology and Hypertension 7th Edition, provides authoritative guidance on diagnosing and treating patients with a wide range of kidney disorders and hypertension, including coverage of dialysis and transplantation. Lead editor Dr. Christopher Wilcox and his team of section editors Drs. Michael Choi, Limeng Chen, Winfred N. Williams, and Mark S. Segal oversee a group of expert authors, both faculty and fellows, who focus on common problems and challenges in this complex field. Brief, focused chapters contain abundant figures and algorithms and have been updated to reflect new findings in renal cystic diseases, new drugs used for hypertension, transplantation and renal protection, and much more.Includes new chapters on Urinalysis and Hematuria, Hypertensive Nephropathy, Drug Use in Kidney Disease, Resistant and Secondary Forms of Hypertension, and Medical Reimbursement and Economics of Nephrology PracticeContains dedicated chapters on drugs for edema, hypertension, and glomerulonephritis, as well as drugs pertaining to renal transplant, covering how to select and use drugs, doses, and adverse effects, and how prescribing should be altered in patients with renal insufficiencyFeatures a new four-color design and more figures and algorithms throughoutShares the experience and knowledge of distinguished international authors from top universities in both the U.S. and China, with many chapters co-authored by a faculty and a fellow Enrich Your eBook Reading ExperienceRead directly on your preferred device(s),such as computer, tablet, or smartphone.Easily convert to audiobook,powering your content with natural language text-to-speech"--
Keywords	Kidney Diseases ; Hypertension, Renal
Language	English
Size	xiv, 393 Seiten, Illustrationen
Edition	Seventh edition
Publisher	Wolters Kluwer
Publishing place	Philadelphia
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Book
Accompanying material	Zugang zu eBook über Code
HBZ-ID	HT021714757
ISBN	978-1-975165-72-7 ; 1-975165-72-1
Database	Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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2023 A 302	available for loan (reading room)	Lesesaal EG

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Article ; Online: Antihypertensive and Renal Mechanisms of SGLT2 (Sodium-Glucose Linked Transporter 2) Inhibitors.

Wilcox, Christopher S

Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)

2020 Volume 75, Issue 4, Page(s) 894–901

Abstract: Empaglifolzin, canagliflozin, and dapagliflozin are SGLT2 (sodium-glucose linked transporter type 2) inhibitors for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus that also reduce blood pressure, mortality, and cardiovascular disease and slow the loss of ... ...

Abstract	Empaglifolzin, canagliflozin, and dapagliflozin are SGLT2 (sodium-glucose linked transporter type 2) inhibitors for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus that also reduce blood pressure, mortality, and cardiovascular disease and slow the loss of glomerular filtration rate. SGLT2 inhibitors inhibit the coupled reabsorption of sodium and glucose from the proximal tubules, thereby increasing renal glucose and sodium excretion, but they have more widespread renal effects, including inhibition of the sodium:proton exchanger. They increase the delivery of sodium to the loop of Henle and can thereby activate the tubuloglomerular feedback response to correct glomerular hyperfiltration. There are multiple potential mechanisms whereby these drugs lower blood pressure and preserve kidney function that are the focus of this review.
MeSH term(s)	Benzhydryl Compounds/pharmacology ; Benzhydryl Compounds/therapeutic use ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure/drug effects ; Canagliflozin/pharmacology ; Canagliflozin/therapeutic use ; Glucosides/pharmacology ; Glucosides/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Hypertension/drug therapy ; Hypertension/metabolism ; Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology ; Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use ; Kidney/drug effects ; Kidney/metabolism ; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors/pharmacology ; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers/antagonists & inhibitors ; Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Benzhydryl Compounds ; Blood Glucose ; Glucosides ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors ; Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers ; Canagliflozin (0SAC974Z85) ; dapagliflozin (1ULL0QJ8UC) ; empagliflozin (HDC1R2M35U)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-03-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	423736-5
ISSN	1524-4563 ; 0194-911X ; 0362-4323
ISSN (online)	1524-4563
ISSN	0194-911X ; 0362-4323
DOI	10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.11684
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Article ; Online: Critical Analysis of the Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors on Renal Tubular Sodium, Water and Chloride Homeostasis and Their Role in Influencing Heart Failure Outcomes.

Packer, Milton / Wilcox, Christopher S / Testani, Jeffrey M

Circulation

2023 Volume 148, Issue 4, Page(s) 354–372

Abstract: SGLT2 (sodium-glucose cotransporter 2) inhibitors interfere with the reabsorption of glucose and sodium in the early proximal renal tubule, but the magnitude and duration of any ensuing natriuretic or diuretic effect are the result of an interplay ... ...

Abstract	SGLT2 (sodium-glucose cotransporter 2) inhibitors interfere with the reabsorption of glucose and sodium in the early proximal renal tubule, but the magnitude and duration of any ensuing natriuretic or diuretic effect are the result of an interplay between the degree of upregulation of SGLT2 and sodium-hydrogen exchanger 3, the extent to which downstream compensatory tubular mechanisms are activated, and (potentially) the volume set point in individual patients. A comprehensive review and synthesis of available studies reveals several renal response patterns with substantial variation across studies and clinical settings. However, the common observation is an absence of a large acute or chronic diuresis or natriuresis with these agents, either when given alone or combined with other diuretics. This limited response results from the fact that renal compensation to these drugs is rapid and nearly complete within a few days or weeks, preventing progressive volume losses. Nevertheless, the finding that fractional excretion of glucose and lithium (the latter being a marker of proximal sodium reabsorption) persists during long-term treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors indicates that pharmacological tolerance to the effects of these drugs at the level of the proximal tubule does not meaningfully occur. This persistent proximal tubular effect of SGLT2 inhibitors can be hypothesized to produce a durable improvement in the internal set point for volume homeostasis, which may become clinically important during times of fluid expansion. However, it is difficult to know whether a treatment-related change in the volume set point actually occurs or contributes to the effect of these drugs to reduce the risk of major heart failure events. SGLT2 inhibitors exert cardioprotective effects by a direct effect on cardiomyocytes that is independent of the presence of or binding to SGLT2 or the actions of these drugs on the proximal renal tubule. Nevertheless, changes in the volume set point mediated by SGLT2 inhibitors might potentially act cooperatively with the direct favorable molecular and cellular effects of these drugs on cardiomyocytes to mediate their benefits on the development and clinical course of heart failure.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors ; Chlorides ; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 ; Sodium ; Water ; Homeostasis ; Diuretics ; Heart Failure ; Glucose
Chemical Substances	Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors ; Chlorides ; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 ; Sodium (9NEZ333N27) ; Water (059QF0KO0R) ; Diuretics ; Glucose (IY9XDZ35W2)
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-07-24
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	80099-5
ISSN	1524-4539 ; 0009-7322 ; 0069-4193 ; 0065-8499
ISSN (online)	1524-4539
ISSN	0009-7322 ; 0069-4193 ; 0065-8499
DOI	10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.064346
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Article ; Online: Pseudohyperkalemia: Three Cases and a Review of Literature.

Saleh-Anaraki, Kimia / Jain, Anjuli / Wilcox, Christopher S / Pourafshar, Negiin

The American journal of medicine

2022 Volume 135, Issue 7, Page(s) e150–e154

Abstract: ... However, pseudohyperkalemia, defined as an artificial rise in serum potassium (S ...

Abstract	Hyperkalemia is a potentially fatal complication requiring prompt diagnosis and management. However, pseudohyperkalemia, defined as an artificial rise in serum potassium (S
MeSH term(s)	Blood Specimen Collection ; Humans ; Hyperkalemia/diagnosis ; Hyperkalemia/etiology ; Hyperkalemia/therapy ; Leukocytosis ; Potassium ; Thrombocytosis
Chemical Substances	Potassium (RWP5GA015D)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-04-08
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	80015-6
ISSN	1555-7162 ; 1873-2178 ; 0002-9343 ; 1548-2766
ISSN (online)	1555-7162 ; 1873-2178
ISSN	0002-9343 ; 1548-2766
DOI	10.1016/j.amjmed.2022.01.036
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Article ; Online: Is Spironolactone the Preferred Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone Inhibitor for Protection Against COVID-19?

Wilcox, Christopher S / Pitt, Bertram

Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology

2020 Volume 77, Issue 3, Page(s) 323–331

Abstract: Abstract: The high mortality of specific groups from COVID-19 highlights the importance of host-viral interactions and the potential benefits from enhancing host defenses. SARS-CoV-2 requires angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 2 as a receptor for cell ... ...

Abstract	Abstract: The high mortality of specific groups from COVID-19 highlights the importance of host-viral interactions and the potential benefits from enhancing host defenses. SARS-CoV-2 requires angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) 2 as a receptor for cell entry and infection. Although both ACE inhibitors and spironolactone can upregulate tissue ACE2, there are important points of discrimination between these approaches. The virus requires proteolytic processing of its spike protein by transmembrane protease receptor serine type 2 (TMPRSS2) to enable binding to cellular ACE2. Because TMPRSS2 contains an androgen promoter, it may be downregulated by the antiandrogenic actions of spironolactone. Furin and plasmin also process the spike protein. They are inhibited by protease nexin 1 or serpin E2 (PN1) that is upregulated by angiotensin II but downregulated by aldosterone. Therefore, spironolactone should selectively downregulate furin and plasmin. Furin also promotes pulmonary edema, whereas plasmin promotes hemovascular dysfunction. Thus, a downregulation of furin and plasmin by PN1 could be a further benefit of MRAs beyond their well-established organ protection. We review the evidence that spironolactone may be the preferred RASSi to increase PN1 and decrease TMPRSS2, furin, and plasmin activities and thereby reduce viral cell binding, entry, infectivity, and bad outcomes. This hypothesis requires direct investigation.
MeSH term(s)	COVID-19/drug therapy ; Humans ; Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists/therapeutic use ; Renin-Angiotensin System/drug effects ; Serine Endopeptidases/drug effects ; Spironolactone/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists ; Spironolactone (27O7W4T232) ; Serine Endopeptidases (EC 3.4.21.-) ; TMPRSS2 protein, human (EC 3.4.21.-)
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-12-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	391970-5
ISSN	1533-4023 ; 0160-2446
ISSN (online)	1533-4023
ISSN	0160-2446
DOI	10.1097/FJC.0000000000000960
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Article ; Online: Etiology and Management of Edema: A Review.

Koirala, Abbal / Pourafshar, Negiin / Daneshmand, Arvin / Wilcox, Christopher S / Mannemuddhu, Sai Sudha / Arora, Nayan

Advances in kidney disease and health

2023 Volume 30, Issue 2, Page(s) 110–123

Abstract: The development of peripheral edema can often pose a significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for practitioners due to its association with a wide variety of underlying disorders ranging in severity. Updates to the original Starling's principle ... ...

Abstract	The development of peripheral edema can often pose a significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for practitioners due to its association with a wide variety of underlying disorders ranging in severity. Updates to the original Starling's principle have provided new mechanistic insights into edema formation. Additionally, contemporary data highlighting the role of hypochloremia in the development of diuretic resistance provide a possible new therapeutic target. This article reviews the pathophysiology of edema formation and discusses implications for treatment.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Causality ; Acid-Base Imbalance ; Diuretics ; Edema
Chemical Substances	Diuretics
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-03-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	3156601-7
ISSN	2949-8139
ISSN (online)	2949-8139
DOI	10.1053/j.akdh.2022.12.002
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Article ; Online: Pathophysiology of Hypertension: The Mosaic Theory and Beyond.

Harrison, David G / Coffman, Thomas M / Wilcox, Christopher S

Circulation research

2021 Volume 128, Issue 7, Page(s) 847–863

Abstract: Dr Irvine Page proposed the Mosaic Theory of Hypertension in the 1940s advocating that hypertension is the result of many factors that interact to raise blood pressure and cause end-organ damage. Over the years, Dr Page modified his paradigm, and new ... ...

Abstract	Dr Irvine Page proposed the Mosaic Theory of Hypertension in the 1940s advocating that hypertension is the result of many factors that interact to raise blood pressure and cause end-organ damage. Over the years, Dr Page modified his paradigm, and new concepts regarding oxidative stress, inflammation, genetics, sodium homeostasis, and the microbiome have arisen that allow further refinements of the Mosaic Theory. A constant feature of this approach to understanding hypertension is that the various nodes are interdependent and that these almost certainly vary between experimental models and between individuals with hypertension. This review discusses these new concepts and provides an introduction to other reviews in this compendium of
MeSH term(s)	Aldosterone/physiology ; Angiotensin II/pharmacology ; Blood Pressure/drug effects ; Blood Pressure/physiology ; Blood Vessels/physiology ; Body Fluids/physiology ; Central Nervous System/physiology ; Humans ; Hypertension/etiology ; Hypertension/physiopathology ; Inflammation/complications ; Kidney/physiology ; Microbiota/physiology ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism ; Risk Factors ; Sodium Chloride/administration & dosage ; Sodium Chloride/adverse effects ; Vasoconstrictor Agents/pharmacology
Chemical Substances	Reactive Oxygen Species ; Vasoconstrictor Agents ; Angiotensin II (11128-99-7) ; Sodium Chloride (451W47IQ8X) ; Aldosterone (4964P6T9RB)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-04-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
ZDB-ID	80100-8
ISSN	1524-4571 ; 0009-7330 ; 0931-6876
ISSN (online)	1524-4571
ISSN	0009-7330 ; 0931-6876
DOI	10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.121.318082
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Book: Therapy in nephrology and hypertension

Brady, Hugh R. / Wilcox, Christopher S.

a companion to Brenner and Rector's the kidney

1999

Author's details	Hugh R. Brady ; Christopher S. Wilcox
Keywords	Kidney Diseases / therapy ; Kidney Diseases / complications ; Urogenital Diseases / therapy ; Hypertension / therapy ; Nephrology / methods
Language	English
Size	XXVII, 717 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
Publisher	Saunders
Publishing place	Philadelphia u.a.
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Book
Note	Includes bibliographical references and index
HBZ-ID	HT010409192
ISBN	0-7216-7149-7 ; 978-0-7216-7149-9
Database	Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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1999 A 3301	order for loan	Magazin

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Article ; Online: A kidney-brain neural circuit drives progressive kidney damage and heart failure.

Cao, Wei / Yang, Zhichen / Liu, Xiaoting / Ren, Siqiang / Su, Huanjuan / Yang, Bihui / Liu, Youhua / Wilcox, Christopher S / Hou, Fan Fan

Signal transduction and targeted therapy

2023 Volume 8, Issue 1, Page(s) 184

Abstract: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and heart failure (HF) are highly prevalent, aggravate each other, and account for substantial mortality. However, the mechanisms underlying cardiorenal interaction and the role of kidney afferent nerves and their precise ... ...

Abstract	Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and heart failure (HF) are highly prevalent, aggravate each other, and account for substantial mortality. However, the mechanisms underlying cardiorenal interaction and the role of kidney afferent nerves and their precise central pathway remain limited. Here, we combined virus tracing techniques with optogenetic techniques to map a polysynaptic central pathway linking kidney afferent nerves to subfornical organ (SFO) and thereby to paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and rostral ventrolateral medulla that modulates sympathetic outflow. This kidney-brain neural circuit was overactivated in mouse models of CKD or HF and subsequently enhanced the sympathetic discharge to both the kidney and the heart in each model. Interruption of the pathway by kidney deafferentation, selective deletion of angiotensin II type 1a receptor (AT1a) in SFO, or optogenetic silence of the kidney-SFO or SFO-PVN projection decreased the sympathetic discharge and lessened structural damage and dysfunction of both kidney and heart in models of CKD and HF. Thus, kidney afferent nerves activate a kidney-brain neural circuit in CKD and HF that drives the sympathetic nervous system to accelerate disease progression in both organs. These results demonstrate the crucial role of kidney afferent nerves and their central connections in engaging cardiorenal interactions under both physiological and disease conditions. This suggests novel therapies for CKD or HF targeting this kidney-brain neural circuit.
MeSH term(s)	Rats ; Animals ; Mice ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Heart Failure/genetics ; Kidney/metabolism ; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus/metabolism ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/genetics ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/metabolism
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-12
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2886872-9
ISSN	2059-3635 ; 2095-9907
ISSN (online)	2059-3635
ISSN	2095-9907
DOI	10.1038/s41392-023-01402-x
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: On the obituary for George E. Schreiner.

Wilcox, Christopher S

Kidney international

2012 Volume 82, Issue 10, Page(s) 1136

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Kidney Diseases/history ; Nephrology/history ; Renal Dialysis/history
Language	English
Publishing date	2012-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Comment ; Letter
ZDB-ID	120573-0
ISSN	1523-1755 ; 0085-2538
ISSN (online)	1523-1755
ISSN	0085-2538
DOI	10.1038/ki.2012.353
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