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  1. Article ; Online: Forensic trace DNA: a review.

    van Oorschot, Roland Ah / Ballantyne, Kaye N / Mitchell, R John

    Investigative genetics

    2010  Volume 1, Issue 1, Page(s) 14

    Abstract: DNA analysis is frequently used to acquire information from biological material to aid enquiries associated with criminal offences, disaster victim identification and missing persons investigations. As the relevance and value of DNA profiling to forensic ...

    Abstract DNA analysis is frequently used to acquire information from biological material to aid enquiries associated with criminal offences, disaster victim identification and missing persons investigations. As the relevance and value of DNA profiling to forensic investigations has increased, so too has the desire to generate this information from smaller amounts of DNA. Trace DNA samples may be defined as any sample which falls below recommended thresholds at any stage of the analysis, from sample detection through to profile interpretation, and can not be defined by a precise picogram amount. Here we review aspects associated with the collection, DNA extraction, amplification, profiling and interpretation of trace DNA samples. Contamination and transfer issues are also briefly discussed within the context of trace DNA analysis. Whilst several methodological changes have facilitated profiling from trace samples in recent years it is also clear that many opportunities exist for further improvements.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-12-01
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2572461-7
    ISSN 2041-2223 ; 2041-2223
    ISSN (online) 2041-2223
    ISSN 2041-2223
    DOI 10.1186/2041-2223-1-14
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: Forensic trace DNA

    van Oorschot Roland AH / Ballantyne Kaye N / Mitchell R John

    Investigative Genetics, Vol 1, Iss 1, p

    a review

    2010  Volume 14

    Abstract: Abstract DNA analysis is frequently used to acquire information from biological material to aid enquiries associated with criminal offences, disaster victim identification and missing persons investigations. As the relevance and value of DNA profiling to ...

    Abstract Abstract DNA analysis is frequently used to acquire information from biological material to aid enquiries associated with criminal offences, disaster victim identification and missing persons investigations. As the relevance and value of DNA profiling to forensic investigations has increased, so too has the desire to generate this information from smaller amounts of DNA. Trace DNA samples may be defined as any sample which falls below recommended thresholds at any stage of the analysis, from sample detection through to profile interpretation, and can not be defined by a precise picogram amount. Here we review aspects associated with the collection, DNA extraction, amplification, profiling and interpretation of trace DNA samples. Contamination and transfer issues are also briefly discussed within the context of trace DNA analysis. Whilst several methodological changes have facilitated profiling from trace samples in recent years it is also clear that many opportunities exist for further improvements.
    Keywords Genetics ; QH426-470 ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5 ; Science ; Q ; DOAJ:Genetics ; DOAJ:Biology ; DOAJ:Biology and Life Sciences
    Subject code 612
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-12-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher BioMed Central
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  3. Article: “Technical Note:” Optimisation of Diamond™ Nucleic Acid Dye preparation, application, and visualisation, for latent DNA detection

    Hughes, Deborah A. / Szkuta, Bianca / van Oorschot, Roland A.H. / Conlan, Xavier A.

    Forensic science international. 2022 Jan., v. 330

    2022  

    Abstract: A targeted sampling approach of latent DNA, deposited when a person makes contact with a surface, can prove challenging during crime scene or evidence processing, with the sampling of latent DNA often relying on the expert judgement from crime scene ... ...

    Abstract A targeted sampling approach of latent DNA, deposited when a person makes contact with a surface, can prove challenging during crime scene or evidence processing, with the sampling of latent DNA often relying on the expert judgement from crime scene officers and forensic examiners. As such, the ability to use the quick and robust screening tool Diamond™ Nucleic Acid Dye (DD) was explored, with a focus on the visualisation of latent DNA on non-porous substrates, namely polypropylene, acrylic, aluminium, PVC composite material, glass, and crystalline silicon. The application of DD was performed according to methods reported in literature, where 10 µL of the dye solution (20-fold dilution of DD in 75% EtOH) was applied onto a variety of non-porous substrates via a micropipette and then subsequently visualised using a portable fluorescence microscope. It was discovered that there was scope for improvement in the reported methods due to the observation of crystal formations on all test substrates upon drying of the DD, resulting in the impaired visualisation of latent DNA and fingerprint detail. Thus, changes to the EtOH water ratio of the dye solution, and changes to the mode of dye application from a micropipette to a spray application, were explored to improve the drying time of the dye and mitigate the formation of crystals. While changes to the EtOH water ratio did not improve the overall drying time, the mode of dye application enhanced visualisation, with a spray application eliminating the formation of crystals no matter the EtOH water ratio. Visualisation with a portable Dino-Lite and Zeiss Widefield fluorescence microscope were also explored, with the Zeiss Widefield fluorescence microscope proving to be useful in whole print imaging and a more efficient imaging tool in a laboratory setting.
    Keywords DNA ; aluminum ; composite materials ; crime ; dyes ; fluorescence microscopes ; forensic sciences ; glass ; polypropylenes ; silicon
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-01
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 424042-x
    ISSN 1872-6283 ; 0379-0738
    ISSN (online) 1872-6283
    ISSN 0379-0738
    DOI 10.1016/j.forsciint.2021.111096
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  4. Article: Touch DNA recovery from unfired and fired cartridges: Comparison of swabbing, tape lifting and soaking

    Prasad, Elisha / Hitchcock, Catherine / Raymond, Jennifer / Cole, Andrew / Barash, Mark / McNevin, Dennis / van Oorschot, Roland A.H.

    Forensic science international. 2022 Jan., v. 330

    2022  

    Abstract: Over the recent few years, several DNA collection techniques and methodologies have been published for the recovery of DNA from fired cartridge cases. In this study, swabbing, the DNA collection technique currently used in our jurisdiction (NSW, ... ...

    Abstract Over the recent few years, several DNA collection techniques and methodologies have been published for the recovery of DNA from fired cartridge cases. In this study, swabbing, the DNA collection technique currently used in our jurisdiction (NSW, Australia), was compared with tape lifting and soaking to assess DNA recovery rates, DNA quality and profile quality. Brass .22LR and 9mmP cartridges were used as they are the most commonly encountered in our jurisdiction. The cartridges (n = 107) were loaded into cleaned firearm magazines by three volunteers of unknown shedder status, to mimic routine casework sample types. Half of the handled cartridges were fired whilst the other half were kept unfired. STR genotypes were produced at both 29 and 30 PCR cycles to evaluate which improved handler allele detection.DNA recovery rates showed that swabbing recovered significantly less DNA than tape lifting and soaking. Whilst there were no significant differences between tape lifting and soaking, tape lifting, on average, yielded more DNA than soaking. The calibre of ammunition had no influence on DNA recovery and in line with expectations, firing was found to decrease DNA recovery for all three sampling techniques.Assessment of DNA quality showed no evidence of PCR inhibition in any of the samples for this study. However, degradation indices showed that most samples were slightly to moderately degraded. Fewer handler alleles were detected from both fired tape lifted and soaked cartridges than unfired cartridges. Whilst 30 amplification cycles allowed for the detection of slightly more handler alleles, no statistically significant differences were found between 29 and 30 PCR cycles. Nonetheless, 50% of the profiles from unfired soaked cartridges that were non-uploadable after 29 cycles were uploadable after 30 cycles. Furthermore, 83% of profiles from unfired cartridges that were tape lifted were uploadable onto our jurisdiction’s database at both 29 and 30 PCR cycles.All magazine controls, despite cleaning, contained some level of background DNA. Furthermore, increasing the number of PCR cycles to 30 also increased the detection of non-handler alleles in DNA profiles. Our results suggest tape lifting yields more uploadable profiles from unfired and fired cartridge cases than swabbing but also more adventitious (non-handler) alleles. However additional research will be needed to evaluate the full potential of this method.
    Keywords DNA ; alleles ; databases ; forensic sciences
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2022-01
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 424042-x
    ISSN 1872-6283 ; 0379-0738
    ISSN (online) 1872-6283
    ISSN 0379-0738
    DOI 10.1016/j.forsciint.2021.111101
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  5. Article: Prevalence of DNA from the driver, passengers and others within a car of an exclusive driver

    Boyko, Toni / Szkuta, B / Mitchell, R. John / van Oorschot, Roland A.H

    Forensic science international. 2020 Feb., v. 307

    2020  

    Abstract: Cars are often sampled for DNA to help identify occupants and their possible location(s) within the car. While DNA from the frequent driver is likely to accumulate over time, DNA from previous and/or subsequent occupants, and those whose DNA has ... ...

    Abstract Cars are often sampled for DNA to help identify occupants and their possible location(s) within the car. While DNA from the frequent driver is likely to accumulate over time, DNA from previous and/or subsequent occupants, and those whose DNA has inadvertently been transferred to the car, may also contribute to any samples collected. This study investigates how much DNA resides on various sites within cars, and who might contribute to these samples.A total of 35–36 sites, internal and external, were targeted within four cars with sole long-term drivers. In addition to the car keys, sample sites included the exterior and interior door handles (driver and passenger sides), through to the internal compartments (driver side, middle area and front passengers’ side). Reference samples were collected from the exclusive drivers, their co-resident partners and, where possible, recent passengers.The driver was always observed as a contributor in DNA profiles from the driver’s side and, in most instances, was the sole, major or majority contributor to the profile. The driver was also observed as a major, majority or minor contributor at several sites on the passenger side. DNA of known recent passengers, close associates of the driver and unknown individuals was collected from many sites on both the driver and passenger sides. These findings may assist in sample targeting within cars and in the evaluation of DNA evidence when propositions relate to the activities performed.
    Keywords DNA ; DNA fingerprinting ; forensic sciences ; sampling ; vehicles (equipment)
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2020-02
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 424042-x
    ISSN 1872-6283 ; 0379-0738
    ISSN (online) 1872-6283
    ISSN 0379-0738
    DOI 10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110139
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  6. Article: DNA decontamination of fingerprint brushes

    Szkuta, Bianca / Kaye N. Ballantyne / Roland A.H. van Oorschot

    Forensic science international. 2017 Aug., v. 277

    2017  

    Abstract: Genetic profiling of DNA collected from fingerprints that have been exposed to various enhancement techniques is routine in many forensic laboratories. As a result of direct contact with fingermark residues during treatment, there is concern around the ... ...

    Abstract Genetic profiling of DNA collected from fingerprints that have been exposed to various enhancement techniques is routine in many forensic laboratories. As a result of direct contact with fingermark residues during treatment, there is concern around the DNA contamination risk of dusting fingermarks with fingerprint brushes. Previous studies have demonstrated the potential for cross-contamination between evidentiary items through various mechanisms, highlighting the risk of using the same fingerprint brush to powder multiple surfaces within and between crime-scenes.Experiments were performed to assess the contamination risk of reused fingerprint brushes through the transfer of dried saliva and skin deposits from and to glass surfaces with new unused squirrel hair and fiberglass brushes. Additional new unused brushes and brushes previously used in casework were also tested for their ability to contaminate samples. In addition, the ability to eradicate DNA from used squirrel hair and fiberglass fingerprint brushes was assessed using a 1% sodium hypochlorite solution and a 5% solution of a commercially available alternative, Virkon. DNA profiling results from surfaces contacted by treated and untreated brushes were compared to determine the effectiveness of the devised cleaning protocol. Brush durability was also assessed over multiple wash/rinse/dry cycles with both agents.Varying amounts of DNA-containing material were collected and transferred by squirrel hair and fiberglass brushes, with detectability on the secondary surface dependent on the biological nature of the material being transferred. The impact of DNA contamination from dirty fingerprint brushes was most apparent in simulations involving the transfer of dried saliva and brushes previously used in casework, while minimal transfer of touch DNA was observed. Alarmingly, large quantities of DNA were found to reside on new unused squirrel hair brushes, while no DNA was detected on new unused fiberglass brushes or brushes sold as DNA-free.Squirrel hair brushes were easily and effectively cleaned with both hypochlorite and Virkon, with no evidence of DNA transfer between exhibits by treated brushes. Brushes were still deemed useable after multiple cleaning cycles with either agent. In contrast, fiberglass bristles became tangled and matted when wet and could not be cleaned effectively using either method. It is recommended they are disposed of following use. Each laboratory should consider their current circumstances before adapting a cleaning method. The implementation of a program to monitor the effectiveness of the cleaning regime is also advised.
    Keywords brushes ; cleaning ; cross contamination ; decontamination ; direct contact ; DNA ; DNA fingerprinting ; durability ; dusting ; fiberglass ; forensic sciences ; glass ; risk ; saliva ; setae (animal) ; sodium hypochlorite ; squirrels
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2017-08
    Size p. 41-50.
    Publishing place Elsevier B.V.
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 424042-x
    ISSN 1872-6283 ; 0379-0738
    ISSN (online) 1872-6283
    ISSN 0379-0738
    DOI 10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.05.009
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  7. Article: The human DNA content in artifacts deposited by the blowfly Lucilia cuprina fed human blood, semen and saliva

    Durdle, Annalisa / Robert John Mitchell / Roland A.H. van Oorschot

    Forensic science international. 2013 Dec. 10, v. 233

    2013  

    Abstract: Adult flies of some species are known to be attracted to crime scenes where they feed on the proteinaceous decomposition products of dead bodies. The flies leave deposits through excretion and regurgitation, and these artifacts often appear ... ...

    Abstract Adult flies of some species are known to be attracted to crime scenes where they feed on the proteinaceous decomposition products of dead bodies. The flies leave deposits through excretion and regurgitation, and these artifacts often appear morphologically similar to bloodstains. To date, little consideration has been given to the possibility of the fly artifacts containing forensically useful levels of human DNA, or of flies as vectors of human DNA. In the present study, groups of artifacts collected after the adult blowfly Lucilia cuprina fed on biological fluids were examined and found to contain human DNA sufficient for profiling. Random samples from each group of artifacts were then subjected to human DNA profiling. Of the samples analysed, full or partial human DNA profiles were found in 57% of samples deposited by flies after blood meals, 92% after semen meals, 46% after saliva meals, 93% after blood/semen meals, 58% after blood/saliva meals and 95% after semen/saliva meals. DNA from artifacts deposited after flies were fed blood, semen, saliva, blood/semen, blood/saliva or semen/saliva was extracted at various time points up to 750 days, and the human DNA component quantified. The human DNA extracted from blood- and semen-based fly artifacts demonstrated a clear trend in which the amount of DNA extracted increased over the first 400 days, and full human DNA profiles were still obtained 750 days after artifact deposition. Saliva- and blood/saliva-based samples were tested at intervals up to 60 days and generated partial profiles at this final time. Blood/semen- and semen/saliva-based samples generated full profiles at 250 days. The presence of human DNA in fly artifacts has considerable forensic significance. Fly artifacts could potentially compromise crime reconstruction, and/or contaminate DNA evidence, up to at least two years after their deposition. Alternatively, fly artifacts may be a useful source of DNA if an offender has attempted to clean up a crime scene.
    Keywords adults ; blood ; blood meal ; crime ; DNA ; DNA fingerprinting ; excretion ; forensic sciences ; humans ; imagos ; Lucilia cuprina ; saliva ; semen
    Language English
    Dates of publication 2013-1210
    Size p. 212-219.
    Publishing place Elsevier Ireland Ltd
    Document type Article
    ZDB-ID 424042-x
    ISSN 1872-6283 ; 0379-0738
    ISSN (online) 1872-6283
    ISSN 0379-0738
    DOI 10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.09.015
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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