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Article ; Online: Non-lesional epilepsy does not necessarily convey poor outcomes after invasive monitoring followed by resection or thermal ablation.

Bustros, Stephanie / Kaur, Manmeet / Ritchey, Elizabeth / Szaflarski, Jerzy P / McGwin, Gerald Jr / Riley, Kristen O / Bentley, J Nicole / Memon, Adeel A / Jaisani, Zeenat

Neurological research

2024 , Page(s) 1–9

Abstract: Objective: We aimed to compare outcomes including seizure-free status at the last follow-up in adult patients with medically refractory focal epilepsy identified as lesional vs. non-lesional based on their magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings who ... ...

Abstract	Objective: We aimed to compare outcomes including seizure-free status at the last follow-up in adult patients with medically refractory focal epilepsy identified as lesional vs. non-lesional based on their magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings who underwent invasive evaluation followed by subsequent resection or thermal ablation (LiTT). Methods: We identified 88 adult patients who underwent intracranial monitoring between 2014 and 2021. Of those, 40 received resection or LiTT, and they were dichotomized based on MRI findings, as lesional ( Results: There were no differences in baseline characteristics between groups except for more often noted PET abnormality in the lesional group ( Significance: In our sample, the absence of lesion on brain MRI was not associated with worse seizure outcomes in adult patients who underwent invasive intracranial monitoring followed by resection or thermal ablation.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-11
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	424428-x
ISSN	1743-1328 ; 0161-6412
ISSN (online)	1743-1328
ISSN	0161-6412
DOI	10.1080/01616412.2024.2340879
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Article ; Online: Associations of visual functions with attitudes about motor vehicle dashboards among older drivers.

Swain, Thomas A / Snyder, Scott W / McGwin, Jr Gerald / Owsley, Cynthia

Frontiers in neuroergonomics

2022 Volume 3, Page(s) 918781

Abstract: Purpose: Proper understanding and interaction with the dashboard is an essential aspect of safely operating a motor vehicle. A portion of this task is dependent on vision, yet no published information exists regarding dashboard ergonomics and visual ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: Proper understanding and interaction with the dashboard is an essential aspect of safely operating a motor vehicle. A portion of this task is dependent on vision, yet no published information exists regarding dashboard ergonomics and visual function. This study sought to associate visual functions and person abilities of dashboard ergonomic dimensions relevant to older driver design preferences and attitudes. Methods: In this population-based study of drivers, participants completed functional testing for habitual distance visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, visual field sensitivity, visual processing speed, and spatial ability. A questionnaire assessed attitudes and understanding of dashboard design, with questionnaire items generated from the content of focus groups of older drivers. Dashboard design domains identified in Rasch analysis of questionnaire responses were quantified using person ability measures for the cognitive processing, lighting, obstructions, and pattern recognition domains. Visual functions and person abilities were correlated using Spearman partial correlations, adjusting for age and sex. Results: A total of 997 participants completed functional testing and the dashboard questionnaire. The mean age was 77.4 ± 4.6 years, and the majority were male (55%) and white (81%). The sample had a range of person abilities and visual functions. Contrast and visual field sensitivities were significantly associated with the cognitive processing, lighting, and pattern recognition dashboard design dimensions ( Conclusions: Person ability for dashboard design domains are related to visual function in older drivers. Results show person ability for domains increased with improved visual function. Future automotive engineering and design initiatives should consider these associations in improving dashboard designs to increase vehicle utility and accessibility.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-12
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2673-6195
ISSN (online)	2673-6195
DOI	10.3389/fnrgo.2022.918781
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Article ; Online: National estimates of the use and outcomes of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation after acute trauma.

Hu, Parker J / Griswold, Lauren / Raff, Lauren / Rodriguez, Rachel / McGwin Jr, Gerald / Kerby, Jeffrey David / Bosarge, Patrick

Trauma surgery & acute care open

2019 Volume 4, Issue 1, Page(s) e000209

Abstract: Background: The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as salvage therapy for patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome is gaining greater acceptance among trauma intensivists. The objective of this study was to review ECMO ... ...

Abstract	Background: The use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as salvage therapy for patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome is gaining greater acceptance among trauma intensivists. The objective of this study was to review ECMO usage in trauma patients in the USA. Methods: The National Inpatient Sample (NIS) from years 2002 to 2012 was queried for patients aged 15 and older treated with ECMO who had one or more acute traumatic injuries as defined by the International Diagnostic Codes, Ninth Edition (ICD-9). The primary outcomes of interest were incidence of ECMO and overall inpatient mortality. Results: A total of 1347 patients were identified in the NIS database who had both ECMO performed and ICD-9 codes consistent with trauma. Patients were predominantly aged 15 to 29 years (31.4%) and were male (65.5%). The incidence of ECMO for patients after traumatic injuries has increased 66-fold during the 10-year period. In-hospital mortality was 48.0% overall, with a decreasing trend during the study period that approached statistical significance (p=0.06). Discussion: Although ECMO use in patients in the post-trauma setting remains controversial, there is an increasing trend to use ECMO nationwide, suggesting an increasing acceptance and/or increased availability at trauma centers. Given the decrease in mortality during the study period, ECMO as a salvage method in trauma patients remains a potentially viable option. Evaluation in a prospective manner may clarify risks and benefits. Level of evidence: Level IV, epidemiological.
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-02-06
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2397-5776
ISSN (online)	2397-5776
DOI	10.1136/tsaco-2018-000209
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Article ; Online: RISK FACTORS FOR EARLY HOSPITAL READMISSION FOLLOWING TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY

Eva J. Lehtonen / Matthew C. Hess / Gerald McGwin Jr. / Ashish Shah / Alexandre Leme Godoy-Santos / Sameer Naranje

Acta Ortopédica Brasileira, Vol 26, Iss 5, Pp 309-

2018 Volume 313

Abstract: ABSTRACT Objective: To identify independent risk factors, complications and early hospital readmission following total knee arthroplasty. Methods: Using the ACS-NSQIP database, we identified patients who underwent primary TKA from 2012-2015. The primary ... ...

Abstract	ABSTRACT Objective: To identify independent risk factors, complications and early hospital readmission following total knee arthroplasty. Methods: Using the ACS-NSQIP database, we identified patients who underwent primary TKA from 2012-2015. The primary outcome was early hospital readmission. Patient demographics, preoperative comorbidities, laboratory data, operative characteristics, and postoperative complications were compared between readmitted and non-readmitted patients. Logistic regression identified independent risk factors for 30-day readmission. Results: 137,209 patients underwent TKA; 3.4% were readmitted within 30 days. Advanced age, male sex, black ethnicity, morbid obesity, presence of preoperative comorbidities, high ASA classification, and increased operative time were independently related risk factors. Asian and no reported race were negative risk factors. Postoperative complications: acute myocardial infarction, acute renal failure, stroke, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, and deep vein thrombosis show positive associations. Conclusions: Advanced age, male sex, black ethnicity, morbid obesity, presence of comorbidities, high ASA classification and long operative time are independent risk factors for postoperative complications and early hospital readmission following total knee arthroplasty. Level of Evidence III, Case control study.
Keywords	Arthroplasty ; Knee ; Patient readmission ; Risk factors ; Medicine ; R ; Orthopedic surgery ; RD701-811
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-10-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Sociedade Brasileira de Ortopedia e Traumatologia
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Prevalence, Bias, and Rank List Impact of Illegal Questions in Surgical Specialty Residency Interviews.

Theiss, Lauren M / Prather, John C / Porterfield, John R / Corey, Britney / Chen, Herbert / McGwin, Gerald / Johnson, Michael D / Theiss, Steven M

Journal of surgical education

2021 Volume 79, Issue 1, Page(s) 69–76

Abstract: Objective: The purpose of this study is to characterize illegal questions as defined by federal law and to assess their impact on applicants' rank lists across four surgical specialties.: Design: A survey was developed and sent to surgical specialty ... ...

Abstract	Objective: The purpose of this study is to characterize illegal questions as defined by federal law and to assess their impact on applicants' rank lists across four surgical specialties. Design: A survey was developed and sent to surgical specialty residency applicants. The survey asked demographics, the frequency of questions about age, gender, religion, sexual orientation, family status and impact on final rank list. Applicants were asked to respond anonymously based on their experience at all institutions at which they interviewed during the interview cycle. Results were compared by applicant specialty and gender. Setting: A large university-affiliated academic medical center PARTICIPANTS: Survey was administered to 3854 applicants (comprising between 28.9% and 41.2% of applicants nationwide) to general surgery, orthopaedic surgery, urology, and otolaryngology residency programs at a single institution during the 2018 and 2019 cycles. A total of 1066 applicants completed the survey. Results: A total of 789 (74.0%) of applicants reported being asked at least one illegal question during the interview process at any institution. Applicants to orthopaedic surgery programs were most likely to be asked illegal question (n = 315, 81.6%), and general surgery applicants were least likely to be asked illegal questions (n = 324, 66.8%, p < 0.001). Females were more likely than males to be asked about gender (n = 99, 26.3% vs. n = 18, 2.6%, p < 0.001) and plans for pregnancy (n = 78, 20.8% vs. n = 78, 11.4%, p < 0.001). 152 (19.4%). Applicants reported that being asked an illegal question lowered a program on their rank list. Female applicants were more likely to lower a program on their rank list as a result of an illegal question (n = 102, 35.4% vs. n = 50, 10.1%, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Illegal questions in surgical specialty residency interviews are common, vary by specialty and applicant gender, and lower programs on applicants' rank lists. This data should serve to inform larger and more inclusive studies in the future. Programs should focus on educating interviewers on illegal topics in an effort to minimize illegal topics that may alienate applicants and contribute to workplace discrimination.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; Humans ; Internship and Residency ; Male ; Orthopedics/education ; Personnel Selection/methods ; Prevalence ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2277538-9
ISSN	1878-7452 ; 1931-7204
ISSN (online)	1878-7452
ISSN	1931-7204
DOI	10.1016/j.jsurg.2021.07.015
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Article ; Online: Workplace Hazards in Orthopaedic Surgery Training: A Nationwide Resident Survey Involving Sharps-related Injuries.

Gordon, Adam M / Hudson, Parke W / Bowman, James R / Watson, Shawna L / Leddy, Lee R / Khoury, Joseph G / Patt, Joshua C / Tubb, Creighton C / Ames, S Elizabeth / McGwin, Gerald / Ponce, Brent A / Razi, Afshin E

The Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons

2022 Volume 30, Issue 9, Page(s) 428–436

Abstract: Introduction: Surgical specialties are at an increased risk for occupational hazards, including sharps-related injuries. The objective of this study was to report the frequency of sharps injuries and evaluate which characteristics influence the number ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Surgical specialties are at an increased risk for occupational hazards, including sharps-related injuries. The objective of this study was to report the frequency of sharps injuries and evaluate which characteristics influence the number of injuries and reporting behaviors. Methods: A web-based, anonymous survey was available for 10 weeks to 46 US orthopaedic surgery residency programs (1,207 potential residents) participating in an education research collaborative. The survey was divided into the following areas: demographics, training and attitudes concerning occupational hazards, and sharps injuries and reporting. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between the above variables on experiencing sharps injuries with significance threshold set at P < 0.05. Results: In this study, 518 surveys were included yielding a response rate of 42.9% (518/1,207). Nearly 80% of the residents recalled some form of safety training during intern orientation and 62% of the respondents felt that they received adequate occupation safety training specifically related to orthopaedic surgery. Four hundred seventeen residents (80.5%) experienced a sharps injury (mean 2.8). Nearly 20% of the respondents experienced ≥5 sharps injuries. Needle sticks (38.8%) were responsible for the greatest percentage of injuries, followed by Kirschner wires (33.6%), scalpel (22.5%), and bone (17.3%). Only 42% of the residents consistently reported all injuries. Reasons included feelings of no risk (63.1%), too much hassle (58.9%), embarrassment (14.5%), other (8.7%), forgot (5.8%), and unclear what to do (3.3%). Inadequate safety training specific to orthopaedic surgery (odds ratio, 2.32 [95% confidence interval, 1.20 to 4.46]; P = 0.012) and greater training seniority (odds ratio, 2.04 [95% confidence interval, 1.64 to 2.52]; P < 0.0001) were associated with acquiring five or more sharps injuries. Discussion: Sharps injuries are a prevalent and concerning reality for orthopaedic surgical trainees. Despite this common occurrence, only 42% of the residents always reported their injuries. Inadequate training specific to orthopaedic surgery and each subsequent year of postgraduate training are associated with increased sharps injuries. Study type: Level III, retrospective observational survey.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Internship and Residency ; Needlestick Injuries/epidemiology ; Needlestick Injuries/etiology ; Orthopedic Procedures ; Orthopedics/education ; Retrospective Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Workplace
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-15
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1200524-1
ISSN	1940-5480 ; 1067-151X
ISSN (online)	1940-5480
ISSN	1067-151X
DOI	10.5435/JAAOS-D-21-00941
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Article ; Online: Formaldehyde exposure and asthma in children

Gerald McGwin Jr. / Jeffrey Lienert / John I. Kennedy Jr.

Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, Vol 16, Iss 9, Pp 3845-

a systematic review Exposição ao formol e asma em crianças: uma revisão sistemática

2011 Volume 3852

Abstract: Despite multiple published studies regarding the association between formaldehyde exposure and childhood asthma, a consistent association has not been identified. Here we report the results of a systematic review of published literature in order to ... ...

Abstract	Despite multiple published studies regarding the association between formaldehyde exposure and childhood asthma, a consistent association has not been identified. Here we report the results of a systematic review of published literature in order to provide a more comprehensive picture of this relationship. After a literature search, we identified seven studies providing quantitative results regarding the association between formaldehyde exposure and asthma in children. Studies were heterogeneous with respect to the definition of asthma. For each study, an odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for asthma were abstracted from published results or calculated based on the data provided. We used fixed- and random-effects models to calculate pooled ORs and 95% CIs; measures of heterogeneity were also calculated. A fixed-effects model produced an OR of 1.03 (95% CI, 1.021.04), and random effects model produced an OR of 1.17 (95% CI, 1.011.36), both reflecting an increase of 10 mg/m3 of formaldehyde. Both the Q and I2 statistics indicated a moderate amount of heterogeneity. Results indicate a positive association between formaldehyde exposure and childhood asthma. Given the largely cross-sectional nature of the studies underlying this meta-analysis, further well-designed prospective epidemiologic studies are needed. Apesar de múltiplos estudos publicados sobre a associação entre exposição ao formol e asma infantil, uma relação consistente ainda não foi identificada. Nós relacionamos os resultados de revisão de estudos publicados a fim de fornecer uma imagem mais compreensível desta relação. Após pesquisa, foram identificados sete estudos que proviam resultados quantitativos sobre a associação entre a exposição ao formol e a asma infantil. Estudos foram heterogêneos em relação à definição de asma. Para cada estudo, uma razão de chances (RC) e 95% de intervalo de confiança (IC) para asma foram abstraídos de resultados publicados ou calculados baseados nos dados fornecidos. Foram usados modelos de efeitos fixos e aleatórios para calcular RC agrupados e IC de 95%; medidas de heterogeneidade também foram calculadas. Um modelo de efeitos fixos produziu um a RC de 1.03 (IC de 95%, 1.02-1.04), e o modelo de efeitos aleatórios produziu uma RC de 1.17 (IC de 95%, 1.01-1.36), ambos refletindo um aumento de 10 mg/m3 de exposição ao formol. As estatísticas de Q and I2 indicaram uma quantidade moderada de heterogeneidade. Resultados indicam uma associação positiva entre exposição ao formol e asma infantil. Devido à natureza de cruzamento de dados destes estudos por baixo desta meta-análise, um estudo de prospectiva epidemiológica mais aprofundada é necessário.
Keywords	Asma ; Crianças ; Epidemiologia ; Formol ; Asthma ; Children ; Epidemiology ; Formaldehyde ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Language	English
Publishing date	2011-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Associação Brasileira de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Clinical Outcomes of Cervical Facet Fractures Treated Nonoperatively With Hard Collar or Halo Immobilization.

Pehler, Stephen / Jones, Ross / Staggers, Jackson R / Antonetti, Jonathan / McGwin, Gerald / Theiss, Steven M

Global spine journal

2018 Volume 9, Issue 1, Page(s) 48–54

Abstract: Study design: Retrospective review.: Objectives: To evaluate the rate of nonoperative treatment failure for cervical facet fractures while secondarily validating computed tomography-based criteria proposed by Spector et al for identifying risk of ... ...

Abstract	Study design: Retrospective review. Objectives: To evaluate the rate of nonoperative treatment failure for cervical facet fractures while secondarily validating computed tomography-based criteria proposed by Spector et al for identifying risk of failure of nonoperative management. Methods: Single-level or multilevel unilateral cervical facet fractures from 2007 to 2014 were included. Exclusion criteria included spondylolisthesis, dislocated or perched facets, bilateral facet fractures at the same level, floating lateral mass, thoracic or lumbar spine injuries, or spinal cord injury. Patients were placed into 3 groups for evaluation: immediate operative management, successful nonoperative management, and failed nonoperative treatment requiring surgical intervention. Results: Eighty-eight patients (106 facets) were included. Twenty-one patients underwent operative treatment with anterior cervical discectomy and fusion or posterior spinal instrumentation and fusion without any failures. Sixty-seven of these patients were treated nonoperatively with either a hard collar (n = 62) or halo vest (n = 5). Eleven patients failed nonoperative treatment (16.4%), all with an absolute fracture height of at least 1 cm and 40% involvement of the absolute height of the lateral mass. Of the 56 patients successfully treated through nonoperative measures, 8 (14.3%) had fracture measurements exceeding both operative parameters. Conclusion: We conclude that it is safe and appropriate for patients with unilateral cervical facet fractures to receive a trial period of nonoperative management. However, patients who weigh over 100 kg, have comminuted fractures, or have radiographic measurements outside of the proposed computed tomography criteria for nonoperative treatment should be educated on the risks of treatment failure.
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-05-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2648287-3
ISSN	2192-5690 ; 2192-5682
ISSN (online)	2192-5690
ISSN	2192-5682
DOI	10.1177/2192568218771911
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Article ; Online: MRI evaluation of axillary neurovascular bundle: Implications for minimally invasive proximal humerus fracture fixation.

Wilkinson, Eric B / Williams, Johnathan F / Paul, Kyle D / He, Jun Kit / Hutto, Justin R / Narducci, Carl A / McGwin, Gerald / Brabston, Eugene W / Ponce, Brent A

JSES international

2021 Volume 5, Issue 2, Page(s) 205–211

Abstract: Background: Percutaneous fixation of proximal humeral fractures places the axillary nerve and posterior humeral circumflex artery at risk for injury. Safe operative zones for the axillary nerve are described based on external measurements from anatomic ... ...

Abstract	Background: Percutaneous fixation of proximal humeral fractures places the axillary nerve and posterior humeral circumflex artery at risk for injury. Safe operative zones for the axillary nerve are described based on external measurements from anatomic landmarks, but no study to date has incorporated advanced imaging to help guide surgical procedures in the region of the axillary neurovascular bundle (ANVB). We sought to define the location and trajectory of the ANVB in relation to osseous landmarks using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements. Methods: Retrospective review of 750 consecutive MRI studies was performed with 55 imaging studies meeting inclusion criteria for patient positioning, image alignment, and quality. Five measurements were performed including the distance from mid-lateral acromion to lateral ANVB, mid-lateral acromion to medial ANVB, greater tuberosity to lateral ANVB, vertical distance between inferior anatomic neck and lateral ANVB, and angle the ANVB crosses the humerus. Height, gender, and age were recorded. Analysis was performed using ANOVA and Pearson correlation tests. Results: The lateral ANVB was below the inferior articular margin of the humeral head by an average of 12.9 ± 3.9 mm and within a 22 mm window. It was an average of 57.4 ± 5.1 mm from the lateral mid-acromion, and 34.7 ± 4.3 mm below the greater tuberosity. The angle formed by the ANVB crossing the humerus averaged 19.5 ± 3.9 degrees upward from medial to lateral. Height and gender directly impacted measurements. Conclusions: The use of the inferior humeral head articular margin provides a radiographic landmark to aid intraoperative lateral ANVB assessment which may be helpful during percutaneous fracture fixation.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-01-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ISSN	2666-6383
ISSN (online)	2666-6383
DOI	10.1016/j.jseint.2020.11.002
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Article ; Online: Acute Workplace Hazards in Orthopedic Surgery: Resident Survey Regarding Splash and Workplace Violence Events.

Yohe, Nicholas / Swiggett, Samuel J / Razi, Afshin / Bowman, James R / Watson, Shawna L / Pearson, Jeffrey M / Hudson, Parke W / Patt, Joshua C / Ames, S Elizabeth / Leddy, Lee R / Khoury, Joseph G / Tubb, Creighton C / McGwin, Gerald / Ponce, Brent

Journal of surgical education

2020 Volume 77, Issue 6, Page(s) 1638–1645

Abstract: Introduction: Orthopedic surgery residents are at risk for daily work-related hazards and exposures. Hazards related specific to this specialty includes radiation exposure, smoke inhalation (from electrocautery), and disease transmission through contact ...

Abstract	Introduction: Orthopedic surgery residents are at risk for daily work-related hazards and exposures. Hazards related specific to this specialty includes radiation exposure, smoke inhalation (from electrocautery), and disease transmission through contact with surgical instruments or sharps during procedures. However, minimal research has been focused on other occupational hazard risks in orthopedic surgery including surgical splash events and workplace violence. This study focused on determining (1) whether or not use of protective eyewear in the workplace would be related to the availability of personal protective equipment (PPE); (2) resident education; and (3) the rate of workplace violence toward orthopedic surgery residents during their training. Methods: An invitation to participate in a web-based, anonymous survey to 46 US allopathic orthopedic surgery residency programs (1207 potential resident respondents). The survey was conceptually divided into the following areas: (1) demographics; (2) training and attitudes concerning occupational hazards; (3) PPE provision and use; (4) sharps injuries and reporting; and (5) general safety knowledge and violence in the workplace. Those who answered yes to having a splatter event or receiving a threat at the hospital were compared to those who did not. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between these outcomes and selected independent variables of interest. p-Values of <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: From January 18 to March 31, 2016, 518 surveys were received and included for analysis for a response rate of 42.9% (518/1207). One survey was excluded from analysis due to <50% completed response items. Self-reported program types were 64.5% (334/518) public university-affiliated, 23.2% (120/518) private university affiliated, 7.1% (37/518) community, and 5.2% (27/518) military. Residents were 83.0% = male and 17.0% = female. Overall, reported eye protection usage was 95% amongst all residents and 22% of residents reported experiencing a violent threat in the workplace. The risk of experiencing a splatter event was not statistically associated with residency type, gender, or geographic region. Senior residents were at an increased likelihood of experiencing a splatter event (OR 1.22, [95% CI 1.06-1.41], p = 0.006) when compared to PGY-1 residents. The risk of a violent experience at work was not statistically associated with residency type, year of residency training, or gender. Residents in the Northeast were more likely to have a violent experience (OR 2.78 [95% CI 1.41-5.49] p = 0.003). Overall, residents felt that they had adequate training to prevent occupational hazards (mean of 3.9/5 on Likert scale) and respond to hazards (mean of 3.7/5 Likert). Conclusions: Occupational hazards are not uncommon in orthopedic surgery training with high rates of improper eyewear PPE use and poor awareness of Occupational Safety and Health Administration and AAOS guidelines. Violence in the workplace impacts over one in 4 residents and training programs and hospitals should improve education and report efforts. Continual yearly PPE training and awareness of AAOS guidelines could be intertwined with duty hour and/or case logs in order to ensure residents are exposed to this material on a regular basis.
MeSH term(s)	Female ; General Surgery/education ; Humans ; Internship and Residency ; Male ; Orthopedic Procedures ; Orthopedics/education ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Workplace ; Workplace Violence/prevention & control
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-06-03
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2277538-9
ISSN	1878-7452 ; 1931-7204
ISSN (online)	1878-7452
ISSN	1931-7204
DOI	10.1016/j.jsurg.2020.05.007
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