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  1. Article: Microbes and Parkinson’s disease: from associations to mechanisms

    Cannon, Tyler / Gruenheid, Samantha

    Trends in microbiology. 2022,

    2022  

    Abstract: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder influenced by both genetic and ...

    Abstract Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. The mechanisms leading to neurodegeneration in PD are still under investigation, with several mechanistic models currently proposed. A number of microorganisms have been associated with increased risk of PD in humans, and recent research using newly developed models has begun to elucidate how these microbes may factor into disease development. Newly identified roles for PD-associated genes in host–microbe interactions and response to infections have also recently been uncovered, providing further evidence for microbial contributions to PD. Here we summarize these recent advances in the field and discuss them in the context of both historical and emerging hypotheses for PD development, with a particular focus on the application of rodent models as systems allowing for mechanistic hypothesis testing.
    Keywords Parkinson disease ; animal models ; environmental factors ; fields ; gene interaction ; genetic factors ; host-pathogen relationships ; humans ; mechanistic models ; microorganisms ; risk
    Language English
    Publishing place Elsevier Ltd
    Document type Article
    Note Pre-press version
    ZDB-ID 1158963-2
    ISSN 1878-4380 ; 0966-842X
    ISSN (online) 1878-4380
    ISSN 0966-842X
    DOI 10.1016/j.tim.2022.01.004
    Database NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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  2. Article ; Online: Radiographic Evaluation of Predictors for Spontaneous Space Closure and Supereruption After the Loss of Permanent First Molars in Yup'ik Children.

    Lenaker, Dane / Grünheid, Thorsten

    Pediatric dentistry

    2023  Volume 45, Issue 3, Page(s) 252–258

    Abstract: ... of spontaneous space closure.: Methods: A total of 134 patients aged six to 12 years with extracted PFM(s ...

    Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate pre-extraction variables associated with spontaneous space closure between the permanent second molar (PSM) and the second premolar following early extraction of the permanent first molar (PFM). Additionally, this study aimed to assess supereruption in compensated and uncompensated maxillary molars to determine if compensating extraction increases the odds of spontaneous space closure.
    Methods: A total of 134 patients aged six to 12 years with extracted PFM(s) were evaluated for spontaneous man- dibular space closure. Panoramic radiographs were reviewed to assess pre-extraction variables. Bitewing radiographs of 156 patients aged six to 13 years with previous PFM extractions were used to measure supereruption in compensated and uncompensated extractions. Both compensated and uncompensated extractions were evaluated for complete mandibular space closure.
    Results: Statistically significant predictors of space closure included extraction at age eight to 10 years (P=0.04; 95 percent confidence interval [95% CI] equals 0.08 to 0.91), permanent third molar presence (P=0.02; 95% CI equals 1.16 to 4.9), and follow-up time (P=0.001; 95% CI equals 1.16 to 1.69). The odds of uncompensated PFM super- eruption were greater than those of compensated PFM supereruption (P<0.001; 95% CI equals 1.86 to 6.92). Additional follow-up increased the odds of supereruption (P<0.001; 95% CI equals 1.08 to 1.30). Uncompensated extractions did not reduce the odds of spontaneous space closure (P=0.54; 95% CI equals 0.56 to 3.08).
    Conclusions: Permanent first molar extraction later than age 10 years is a negative predictor for spontaneous space closure, while permanent third molar presence is a positive predictor. Uncompensated maxillary PFMs do not inhibit spontaneous per- manent mandibular second molar space closure; however, uncompensated extractions are more likely to supererupt.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Child ; Molar/diagnostic imaging ; Molar, Third ; Mandible ; Radiography, Panoramic ; Tooth Eruption
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-28
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 604709-9
    ISSN 1942-5473 ; 0164-1263
    ISSN (online) 1942-5473
    ISSN 0164-1263
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Direct evidence of host-mediated glycosylation of NleA and its dependence on interaction with the COPII complex.

    Burns, Lindsay / Le Mauff, François / Gruenheid, Samantha

    Gut microbes

    2024  Volume 16, Issue 1, Page(s) 2305477

    Abstract: Non-LEE-encoded Effector A (NleA) is a type III secreted effector protein of enterohaemorrhagic and ... ...

    Abstract Non-LEE-encoded Effector A (NleA) is a type III secreted effector protein of enterohaemorrhagic and enteropathogenic
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Mice ; Escherichia coli Proteins/metabolism ; Virulence Factors/metabolism ; Glycosylation ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism ; Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli
    Chemical Substances Escherichia coli Proteins ; Virulence Factors ; Bacterial Proteins
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-02-01
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2575755-6
    ISSN 1949-0984 ; 1949-0984
    ISSN (online) 1949-0984
    ISSN 1949-0984
    DOI 10.1080/19490976.2024.2305477
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Microbes and Parkinson's disease: from associations to mechanisms.

    Cannon, Tyler / Gruenheid, Samantha

    Trends in microbiology

    2022  Volume 30, Issue 8, Page(s) 749–760

    Abstract: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. The mechanisms leading to neurodegeneration in PD are still under investigation, with several mechanistic models currently proposed. A number ... ...

    Abstract Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. The mechanisms leading to neurodegeneration in PD are still under investigation, with several mechanistic models currently proposed. A number of microorganisms have been associated with increased risk of PD in humans, and recent research using newly developed models has begun to elucidate how these microbes may factor into disease development. Newly identified roles for PD-associated genes in host-microbe interactions and response to infections have also recently been uncovered, providing further evidence for microbial contributions to PD. Here we summarize these recent advances in the field and discuss them in the context of both historical and emerging hypotheses for PD development, with a particular focus on the application of rodent models as systems allowing for mechanistic hypothesis testing.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Neurodegenerative Diseases ; Parkinson Disease/genetics
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-02-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1158963-2
    ISSN 1878-4380 ; 0966-842X
    ISSN (online) 1878-4380
    ISSN 0966-842X
    DOI 10.1016/j.tim.2022.01.004
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Simulated Colonic Fluid Replicates the

    Gilliland, Ashley / Gavino, Christina / Gruenheid, Samantha / Raivio, Tracy

    Infection and immunity

    2022  Volume 90, Issue 9, Page(s) e0031422

    Abstract: Citrobacter rodentium is an attaching and effacing (A/E) pathogen used to model enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli infections in mice. During colonization, C. rodentium must adapt to stresses in the gastrointestinal tract, such as ... ...

    Abstract Citrobacter rodentium is an attaching and effacing (A/E) pathogen used to model enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli infections in mice. During colonization, C. rodentium must adapt to stresses in the gastrointestinal tract, such as antimicrobial peptides, pH changes, and bile salts. The Cpx envelope stress response (ESR) is a two-component system used by some bacteria to remediate stress by modulating gene expression, and it is necessary for C. rodentium pathogenesis in mice. Here, we utilized simulated colonic fluid (SCF) to mimic the gastrointestinal environment, which we show strongly induces the Cpx ESR and highlights a fitness defect specific to the Δ
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Bacterial Proteins/genetics ; Bacterial Proteins/metabolism ; Bile Acids and Salts ; Citrobacter rodentium/genetics ; Enterobacteriaceae Infections/microbiology ; Mice ; Regulon ; Virulence/genetics
    Chemical Substances Bacterial Proteins ; Bile Acids and Salts
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-08-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 218698-6
    ISSN 1098-5522 ; 0019-9567
    ISSN (online) 1098-5522
    ISSN 0019-9567
    DOI 10.1128/iai.00314-22
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article ; Online: Authors' response.

    Grünheid, Thorsten / Tasca, Amy W / Kanyusik, John S / Walters, Shelley-Ann / Larson, Brent E

    American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics

    2023  Volume 163, Issue 4, Page(s) 452

    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-03-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Letter ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 356699-7
    ISSN 1097-6752 ; 0889-5406 ; 0002-9416
    ISSN (online) 1097-6752
    ISSN 0889-5406 ; 0002-9416
    DOI 10.1016/j.ajodo.2023.01.011
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Assessment of orthodontic treatment efficacy of Clarity Aligners using the Peer Assessment Rating index and the American Board of Orthodontics Cast-Radiograph Evaluation.

    Grünheid, Thorsten / Tasca, Amy W / Kanyusik, John S / Walters, Shelley-Ann / Larson, Brent E

    American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics

    2022  Volume 162, Issue 6, Page(s) 861–869

    Abstract: Introduction: 3M Oral Care Solutions (St Paul, Minn) has recently introduced Clarity Aligners into the market. This cohort study evaluated the orthodontic treatment efficacy of this clear aligner system using the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index and ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: 3M Oral Care Solutions (St Paul, Minn) has recently introduced Clarity Aligners into the market. This cohort study evaluated the orthodontic treatment efficacy of this clear aligner system using the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index and the American Board of Orthodontics Cast-Radiograph Evaluation (CR-Eval).
    Methods: Pretreatment and posttreatment dental models of 87 subjects who had undergone orthodontic treatment using Clarity Aligners in both arches to align their teeth to a target setup were independently evaluated by 4 examiners using the PAR index and the American Board of Orthodontics CR-Eval. Changes in CR-Eval and PAR scores from pretreatment to posttreatment were calculated, with PAR score reductions also expressed as percentages.
    Results: Treatment with Clarity Aligners reduced the CR-Eval scores from 39.05 ± 14.98 to 30.34 ± 8.76, resulting in a statistically significant difference of 8.76 ± 11.45 between pretreatment and posttreatment scores. Similarly, aligner treatment reduced the weighted PAR scores from 13.40 ± 9.26 to 5.80 ± 4.84, resulting in a statistically significant difference of 7.50 ± 7.56 between pretreatment and posttreatment scores. The overall median PAR reduction was 53%, with 94% of the subjects having reduced PAR scores after treatment. Seventy-eight percent of subjects had >30% PAR reduction, 57% had >50% PAR reduction, and 33% had >70% PAR reduction.
    Conclusions: The results suggest that Clarity Aligners may be an effective treatment modality in mild to moderate malocclusions.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Orthodontics ; Orthodontics, Corrective/methods ; Cohort Studies ; Malocclusion/diagnostic imaging ; Malocclusion/therapy ; Treatment Outcome
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-09-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 356699-7
    ISSN 1097-6752 ; 0889-5406 ; 0002-9416
    ISSN (online) 1097-6752
    ISSN 0889-5406 ; 0002-9416
    DOI 10.1016/j.ajodo.2021.07.023
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article ; Online: Midpalatal suture density ratio: Assessing the predictive power of a novel predictor of skeletal response to maxillary expansion.

    Titus, Samuel / Larson, Brent E / Grünheid, Thorsten

    American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics

    2020  Volume 159, Issue 2, Page(s) e157–e167

    Abstract: Introduction: Rapid maxillary expansion (RME) is a common orthodontic treatment to correct maxillary transverse deficiency; however, the inability to determine the precise timing of fusion of the midpalatal suture creates difficulty for clinicians to ... ...

    Abstract Introduction: Rapid maxillary expansion (RME) is a common orthodontic treatment to correct maxillary transverse deficiency; however, the inability to determine the precise timing of fusion of the midpalatal suture creates difficulty for clinicians to prescribe the appropriate treatment, surgical or nonsurgical expansion. The purpose of this study was to assess the predictive power of the midpalatal suture density ratio (MPSD) for a skeletal response to RME.
    Methods: Pre- and posttreatment cone-beam computed tomography scans were obtained from 78 orthodontic patients aged from 8 to 18 years treated with RME. MPSDs were calculated from pretreatment scans, and a prediction was made for the amount of skeletal expansion obtained at the level of the palate after comprehensive orthodontic treatment. Predicted values were compared with actual outcomes as assessed from posttreatment scans, followed by regression analyses to investigate correlations between MPSD and skeletal expansion and equivalence testing to analyze the performance of the predicted measurements.
    Results: The MPSDs were not statistically significantly (P >0.05) correlated with the amount of skeletal expansion achieved. In addition, the predicted skeletal expansion using MPSD was not statistically equivalent to the skeletal expansion achieved using an equivalence margin of ±0.05.
    Conclusions: The results suggest that the MPSD obtained from pretreatment cone-beam computed tomography scans were not correlated well enough with the amount of skeletal expansion achieved to be an effective predictor of the amount of long-term skeletal expansion after RME.
    MeSH term(s) Adolescent ; Aged ; Child ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Cranial Sutures/diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Maxilla/diagnostic imaging ; Palatal Expansion Technique ; Palate/diagnostic imaging ; Sutures
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-12-31
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 356699-7
    ISSN 1097-6752 ; 0889-5406 ; 0002-9416
    ISSN (online) 1097-6752
    ISSN 0889-5406 ; 0002-9416
    DOI 10.1016/j.ajodo.2020.09.019
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Motor and non-motor improvements following short-term multidisciplinary day-clinic care in Parkinson´s disease.

    Krause, Patricia / Berking, Sara / Astalosch, Melanie / Grünheid, Raymond / Kühn, Andrea A

    Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996)

    2022  Volume 129, Issue 12, Page(s) 1419–1426

    Abstract: Background: Inpatient as well as outpatient care does often not meet PD-patients' individual needs.: Introduction: Day-clinic concepts encompassing a multidisciplinary team as well as therapy adjustments accompanying everyday demands aim at filling ... ...

    Abstract Background: Inpatient as well as outpatient care does often not meet PD-patients' individual needs.
    Introduction: Day-clinic concepts encompassing a multidisciplinary team as well as therapy adjustments accompanying everyday demands aim at filling this gap.
    Methods: This is a retrospective study on short-term effects of a 3 week multidisciplinary rehabilitation program in patients with Parkinson´s disease (PD) embedded in a specialized movement disorder day-clinic. We analyzed short-term outcome of motor and non-motor symptoms (NMS) in 143 PD-patients (mean age 65.3 ± 11.9 years; Hoehn-and-Yahr-score 2.6 ± 0.7) after 3 weeks with 7.4 ± 1.8 active days of interdisciplinary day-care treatment. Participants attended the day-clinic in groups of five patients at a time. Improvements were evaluated by comparison of standardized physical therapy assessments, disease specific scores for motor symptoms (MDS-UPDRS III), mood (BDI), quality of life (PDQ39, SF36), sleep (PDSS, ESS), impulsiveness (QUIP), apathy (SAS), cognition (MMST), as well as change in medication before and directly after the intervention.
    Results: MDS-UPDRS motor score improved significantly by 22.9 ± 21.5% (p < 0.001) and was accompanied by a significant reduction of imbalance, immobility, and weakness ranging between 6% and 17% in standardized physical therapy tests. In addition, all disease-specific non-motor scales improved significantly.
    Conclusions: A multidisciplinary day-clinic approach can support benefit on motor, non-motor symptoms and QoL in PD-patients. Given the increase in PD incidence and prevalence as well as the significant treatment effects shown here, more day-clinic treatment opportunities ought to be implemented to improve PD treatment adapted to everyday challenges while still reducing costs to the health care system.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Parkinson Disease/complications ; Quality of Life ; Retrospective Studies ; Severity of Illness Index ; Day Care, Medical
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-11-06
    Publishing country Austria
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 184163-4
    ISSN 1435-1463 ; 0300-9564
    ISSN (online) 1435-1463
    ISSN 0300-9564
    DOI 10.1007/s00702-022-02562-w
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Over supplementation with vitamin B12 alters microbe-host interactions in the gut leading to accelerated Citrobacter rodentium colonization and pathogenesis in mice.

    Forgie, Andrew J / Pepin, Deanna M / Ju, Tingting / Tollenaar, Stephanie / Sergi, Consolato M / Gruenheid, Samantha / Willing, Benjamin P

    Microbiome

    2023  Volume 11, Issue 1, Page(s) 21

    Abstract: Background: Vitamin B12 supplements typically contain doses that far exceed the recommended daily amount, and high exposures are generally considered safe. Competitive and syntrophic interactions for B12 exist between microbes in the gut. Yet, to what ... ...

    Abstract Background: Vitamin B12 supplements typically contain doses that far exceed the recommended daily amount, and high exposures are generally considered safe. Competitive and syntrophic interactions for B12 exist between microbes in the gut. Yet, to what extent excessive levels contribute to the activities of the gut microbiota remains unclear. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of B12 on microbial ecology using a B12 supplemented mouse model with Citrobacter rodentium, a mouse-specific pathogen. Mice were fed a standard chow diet and received either water or water supplemented with B12 (cyanocobalamin: ~120 μg/day), which equates to approximately 25 mg in humans. Infection severity was determined by body weight, pathogen load, and histopathologic scoring. Host biomarkers of inflammation were assessed in the colon before and after the pathogen challenge.
    Results: Cyanocobalamin supplementation enhanced pathogen colonization at day 1 (P < 0.05) and day 3 (P < 0.01) postinfection. The impact of B12 on gut microbial communities, although minor, was distinct and attributed to the changes in the Lachnospiraceae populations and reduced alpha diversity. Cyanocobalamin treatment disrupted the activity of the low-abundance community members of the gut microbiota. It enhanced the amount of interleukin-12 p40 subunit protein (IL12/23p40; P < 0.001) and interleukin-17a (IL-17A; P < 0.05) in the colon of naïve mice. This immune phenotype was microbe dependent, and the response varied based on the baseline microbiota. The cecal metatranscriptome revealed that excessive cyanocobalamin decreased the expression of glucose utilizing genes by C. rodentium, a metabolic attribute previously associated with pathogen virulence.
    Conclusions: Oral vitamin B12 supplementation promoted C. rodentium colonization in mice by altering the activities of the Lachnospiraceae populations in the gut. A lower abundance of select Lachnospiraceae species correlated to higher p40 subunit levels, while the detection of Parasutterella exacerbated inflammatory markers in the colon of naïve mice. The B12-induced change in gut ecology enhanced the ability of C. rodentium colonization by impacting key microbe-host interactions that help with pathogen exclusion. This research provides insight into how B12 impacts the gut microbiota and highlights potential consequences of disrupting microbial B12 competition/sharing through over-supplementation. Video Abstract.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Animals ; Mice ; Vitamin B 12/pharmacology ; Citrobacter rodentium ; Host Microbial Interactions ; Colon ; Dietary Supplements
    Chemical Substances Vitamin B 12 (P6YC3EG204)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-02-03
    Publishing country England
    Document type Video-Audio Media ; Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2697425-3
    ISSN 2049-2618 ; 2049-2618
    ISSN (online) 2049-2618
    ISSN 2049-2618
    DOI 10.1186/s40168-023-01461-w
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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