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  1. Article: Temperature Dependence of Platelet Metabolism.

    Jóhannsson, Freyr / Yurkovich, James T / Guðmundsson, Steinn / Sigurjónsson, Ólafur E / Rolfsson, Óttar

    Metabolites

    2024  Volume 14, Issue 2

    Abstract: Temperature plays a fundamental role in biology, influencing cellular function, chemical reaction rates, molecular structures, and interactions. While the temperature dependence of many biochemical reactions is well defined in vitro, the effect of ... ...

    Abstract Temperature plays a fundamental role in biology, influencing cellular function, chemical reaction rates, molecular structures, and interactions. While the temperature dependence of many biochemical reactions is well defined in vitro, the effect of temperature on metabolic function at the network level is poorly understood, and it remains an important challenge in optimizing the storage of cells and tissues at lower temperatures. Here, we used time-course metabolomic data and systems biology approaches to characterize the effects of storage temperature on human platelets (PLTs) in a platelet additive solution. We observed that changes to the metabolome with storage time do not simply scale with temperature but instead display complex temperature dependence, with only a small subset of metabolites following an Arrhenius-type relationship. Investigation of PLT energy metabolism through integration with computational modeling revealed that oxidative metabolism is more sensitive to temperature changes than glycolysis. The increased contribution of glycolysis to ATP turnover at lower temperatures indicates a stronger glycolytic phenotype with decreasing storage temperature. More broadly, these results demonstrate that the temperature dependence of the PLT metabolic network is not uniform, suggesting that efforts to improve the health of stored PLTs could be targeted at specific pathways.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-26
    Publishing country Switzerland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2662251-8
    ISSN 2218-1989
    ISSN 2218-1989
    DOI 10.3390/metabo14020091
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  2. Article ; Online: Genetic structure and relatedness of brown trout (

    Lagunas, Marcos / Pálsson, Arnar / Jónsson, Benóný / Jóhannsson, Magnús / Jónsson, Zophonías O / Snorrason, Sigurður S

    PeerJ

    2023  Volume 11, Page(s) e15985

    Abstract: Background: Lake Þingvallavatn in Iceland, a part of the river Ölfusá drainage basin, was presumably populated by brown trout soon after it formed at the end of the last Ice Age. The genetic relatedness of the brown trout in Þingvallavatn to other ... ...

    Abstract Background: Lake Þingvallavatn in Iceland, a part of the river Ölfusá drainage basin, was presumably populated by brown trout soon after it formed at the end of the last Ice Age. The genetic relatedness of the brown trout in Þingvallavatn to other populations in the Ölfusá drainage basin is unknown. After the building of a dam at the outlet of the lake in 1959 brown trout catches declined, though numbers have now increased. The aim of this study was to assess effects of geographic isolation and potential downstream gene flow on the genetic structure and diversity in brown trout sampled in several locations in the western side of the watershed of River Ölfusá. We hypothesized that brown trout in Lake Þingvallavatn constituted several local spawning populations connected by occasional gene flow before the damming of the lake. We also estimated the effective population size (N
    Methods: We sampled brown trout inhabiting four lakes and 12 rivers within and near the watershed of River Ölfusá by means of electro- and net- fishing. After stringent data filtering, 2,597 polymorphic loci obtained from ddRADseq data from 317 individuals were ascertained as putative neutral markers.
    Results: Overall, the genetic relatedness of brown trout in the Ölfusá watershed reflected the connectivity and topography of the waterways. Ancestry proportion analyses and a phylogenetic tree revealed seven distinct clusters, some of which corresponded to small populations with reduced genetic diversity. There was no evidence of downstream gene flow from Lake Þingvallavatn, although gene flow was observed from much smaller mountain populations. Most locations showed low N
    Discussion: This is the first time that the genetic structure and diversity of brown trout in the watershed of River Ölfusá have been assessed. Our results point towards the presence of a metapopulation in the watershed of Lake Þingvallavatn, which has been influenced by restoration efforts and is now dominated by a genetic component originated in River Öxará. Many of the locations studied represent different populations. Those that are isolated in headwater streams and lakes are genetically distinct presenting low genetic diversity, yet they can be important in increasing the genetic variation in downstream populations. These populations should be considered for conservation and direct management.
    MeSH term(s) Iceland ; Phylogeny ; Drainage ; Population Density ; Genetic Structures
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-05
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2703241-3
    ISSN 2167-8359 ; 2167-8359
    ISSN (online) 2167-8359
    ISSN 2167-8359
    DOI 10.7717/peerj.15985
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  3. Article ; Online: Androgen deficiency in hypopituitary women: its consequences and management.

    Esposito, Daniela / Tivesten, Åsa / Olivius, Catharina / Ragnarsson, Oskar / Johannsson, Gudmundur

    Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders

    2024  

    Abstract: Women with hypopituitarism have various degrees of androgen deficiency, which is marked among those with combined hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism and secondary adrenal insufficiency. The consequences of androgen deficiency and the effects of androgen ... ...

    Abstract Women with hypopituitarism have various degrees of androgen deficiency, which is marked among those with combined hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism and secondary adrenal insufficiency. The consequences of androgen deficiency and the effects of androgen replacement therapy have not been fully elucidated. While an impact of androgen deficiency on outcomes such as bone mineral density, quality of life, and sexual function is plausible, the available evidence is limited. There is currently no consensus on the definition of androgen deficiency in women and it is still controversial whether androgen substitution should be used in women with hypopituitarism and coexisting androgen deficiency. Some studies suggest beneficial clinical effects of androgen replacement but data on long-term benefits and risk are not available. Transdermal testosterone replacement therapy in hypopituitary women has shown some positive effects on bone metabolism and body composition. Studies of treatment with oral dehydroepiandrosterone have yielded mixed results, with some studies suggesting improvements in quality of life and sexual function. Further research is required to elucidate the impact of androgen deficiency and its replacement treatment on long-term outcomes in women with hypopituitarism. The lack of transdermal androgens for replacement in this patient population and limited outcome data limit its use. A cautious and personalized treatment approach in the clinical management of androgen deficiency in women with hypopituitarism is recommended while awaiting more efficacy and safety data.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-01-19
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2185718-0
    ISSN 1573-2606 ; 1389-9155
    ISSN (online) 1573-2606
    ISSN 1389-9155
    DOI 10.1007/s11154-024-09873-1
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Zs.A 6069: Show issues Location:
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  4. Article: Undiagnosed adrenal insufficiency as a cause of premature death in glucocorticoid users.

    Einarsdottir, Margret J / Trimpou, Penelope / Johannsson, Gudmundur / Ragnarsson, Oskar

    Endocrine connections

    2024  Volume 13, Issue 4

    Abstract: Objective: It is unknown whether glucocorticoid (GC)-induced adrenal insufficiency may cause premature mortality in GC users. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to investigate if undiagnosed and undertreated GC-induced adrenal insufficiency is a ... ...

    Abstract Objective: It is unknown whether glucocorticoid (GC)-induced adrenal insufficiency may cause premature mortality in GC users. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to investigate if undiagnosed and undertreated GC-induced adrenal insufficiency is a contributor to premature death in GC users.
    Methods: Information on dispensed prescriptions in West Sweden from 2007 to 2014 was obtained from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register. Cause of death was collected from the Swedish Cause of Death Register. Of 223,211 patients who received oral GC prescriptions, 665 died from sepsis within 6 months of their last prescription. Three hundred of these patients who had died in hospital were randomly selected for further investigation. Medical records were initially reviewed by one investigator. Furthermore, two additional investigators reviewed the medical records of patients whose deaths were suspected to be caused by GC-induced adrenal insufficiency.
    Results: Of 300 patients (121 females, 40%), 212 (75%) were prescribed GC treatment at admission. The mean age was 76 ± 11 years (range 30-99). Undiagnosed or undertreated GC-induced adrenal insufficiency was considered a probable contributor to death by at least two investigators in 11 (3.7%) patients. In five of these 11 cases, long-term GC therapy was abruptly discontinued during hospitalization. Undiagnosed or undertreated GC-induced adrenal insufficiency was considered a possible contributing factor to death in a further 36 (12%) patients.
    Conclusion: GC-induced adrenal insufficiency is an important contributor to premature death in GC users. Awareness of the disorder during intercurrent illness and following cessation of GC treatment is essential.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2024-03-20
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2668428-7
    ISSN 2049-3614
    ISSN 2049-3614
    DOI 10.1530/EC-23-0535
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: Growth hormone deficiency in adults with hypopituitarism-What are the risks and can they be eliminated by therapy?

    Johannsson, Gudmundur / Ragnarsson, Oskar

    Journal of internal medicine

    2021  Volume 290, Issue 6, Page(s) 1180–1193

    Abstract: Growth hormone (GH) deficiency develops early in patients with hypothalamic-pituitary disorders and is therefore common among these patients. GH deficiency in adults is associated with increased morbidity, increased body fat mass, abdominal obesity, ... ...

    Abstract Growth hormone (GH) deficiency develops early in patients with hypothalamic-pituitary disorders and is therefore common among these patients. GH deficiency in adults is associated with increased morbidity, increased body fat mass, abdominal obesity, dyslipidaemia, reduced exercise capacity, impaired cardiac function as well as reduced self-reported well-being and impaired quality of life. Since recombinant human GH became available as replacement therapy more than 25 years ago, randomised controlled trials and long-term studies, together with meta-analyses, have shown improved outcomes in adult patients with hypopituitarism receiving GH. Many of the features associated with GH deficiency in adults improve, or even normalize, and the safety profile is reassuring. The increased interest in GH deficiency in adults with hypothalamic-pituitary disorders has also contributed to the identification of other factors of importance for an outcome such as the replacement of other pituitary hormone deficiencies, and the management of the underlying hypothalamic-pituitary disease, most commonly a pituitary tumour. In this narrative review, we summarize the burden of GH deficiency in adults with hypopituitarism, the impact of GH replacement on the outcome, as well as safety. Based on currently available data, GH replacement should be considered routine management of adults with hypopituitarism.
    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Dwarfism, Pituitary/drug therapy ; Hormone Replacement Therapy ; Human Growth Hormone/deficiency ; Human Growth Hormone/therapeutic use ; Humans ; Hypopituitarism/drug therapy ; Quality of Life
    Chemical Substances Human Growth Hormone (12629-01-5)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-03
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 96274-0
    ISSN 1365-2796 ; 0954-6820
    ISSN (online) 1365-2796
    ISSN 0954-6820
    DOI 10.1111/joim.13382
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  6. Article ; Online: Genetic structure and relatedness of brown trout (Salmo trutta) populations in the drainage basin of the Ölfusá river, South-Western Iceland

    Marcos Lagunas / Arnar Pálsson / Benóný Jónsson / Magnús Jóhannsson / Zophonías O. Jónsson / Sigurður S. Snorrason

    PeerJ, Vol 11, p e

    2023  Volume 15985

    Abstract: Background Lake Þingvallavatn in Iceland, a part of the river Ölfusá drainage basin, was presumably populated by brown trout soon after it formed at the end of the last Ice Age. The genetic relatedness of the brown trout in Þingvallavatn to other ... ...

    Abstract Background Lake Þingvallavatn in Iceland, a part of the river Ölfusá drainage basin, was presumably populated by brown trout soon after it formed at the end of the last Ice Age. The genetic relatedness of the brown trout in Þingvallavatn to other populations in the Ölfusá drainage basin is unknown. After the building of a dam at the outlet of the lake in 1959 brown trout catches declined, though numbers have now increased. The aim of this study was to assess effects of geographic isolation and potential downstream gene flow on the genetic structure and diversity in brown trout sampled in several locations in the western side of the watershed of River Ölfusá. We hypothesized that brown trout in Lake Þingvallavatn constituted several local spawning populations connected by occasional gene flow before the damming of the lake. We also estimated the effective population size (NE) of some of these populations and tested for signs of a recent population bottleneck in Lake Þingvallavatn. Methods We sampled brown trout inhabiting four lakes and 12 rivers within and near the watershed of River Ölfusá by means of electro- and net- fishing. After stringent data filtering, 2,597 polymorphic loci obtained from ddRADseq data from 317 individuals were ascertained as putative neutral markers. Results Overall, the genetic relatedness of brown trout in the Ölfusá watershed reflected the connectivity and topography of the waterways. Ancestry proportion analyses and a phylogenetic tree revealed seven distinct clusters, some of which corresponded to small populations with reduced genetic diversity. There was no evidence of downstream gene flow from Lake Þingvallavatn, although gene flow was observed from much smaller mountain populations. Most locations showed low NE values (i.e., ~14.6 on average) while the putative anadromous trout from River Sog and the spawning population from River Öxará, that flows into Lake Þingvallavatn, showed notably higher NE values (i.e., 71.2 and 56.5, respectively). No signals of recent population ...
    Keywords Brown trout ; ddRADseq ; Iceland ; Isolation ; Conservation ; Headwaters ; Medicine ; R ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
    Subject code 333
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-09-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher PeerJ Inc.
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  7. Article: Effects of [Na+]o, [Ca2+]o and cyclopiazonic acid on decline of post-extrasystolic potentiation and twitch kinetics in guinea-pig and human myocardial preparations.

    Asgrimsson, H J / Wohlfart, B / Brandt, J / Jóhannsson, M

    Acta physiologica Scandinavica

    1999  Volume 166, Issue 3, Page(s) 195–201

    Abstract: The decline of post-extrasystolic potentiation was investigated in atrial and ventricular muscle of guinea-pigs and in human atrial muscle. This decline is described in terms of the recirculation fraction (RF) for calcium in myocardial cells. Under ... ...

    Abstract The decline of post-extrasystolic potentiation was investigated in atrial and ventricular muscle of guinea-pigs and in human atrial muscle. This decline is described in terms of the recirculation fraction (RF) for calcium in myocardial cells. Under control conditions, the mean values for RF were as follows: 0.61 +/- 0.03 in the guinea-pig atrium, 0.32 +/- 0.05 in the guinea-pig ventricle and 0.51 +/- 0.10 in the human atrium. Upon increasing calcium concentrations within the range of 0.5-10 mM or decreasing the sodium to 70%, the steady-state force and recirculation fraction increased concomitantly in all three types of muscles. Cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), in a 5-20 microM concentration, decreased force in the guinea-pig preparations and decreased RF. The effects of CPA were great in atrial muscle, 20 microM CPA decreasing RF from 0.61 to 0. 39. In ventricular muscle, this effect was small and not statistically significant. When changing calcium or sodium concentrations, increased force was accompanied by slower relaxation in atrial muscle, but an unchanged or slightly faster relaxation in ventricular muscle. In guinea-pig myocardium, CPA (5-20 microM) prolonged the time to peak force (TPF), but it slowed relaxation only in the ventricle. Reducing the calcium outflow by Na/Ca exchange increased RF as expected, and reducing the SR calcium re-uptake decreased RF. These interventions were also expected to reduce the rate of decline of intracellular calcium, but relaxation was not consistently prolonged. This indicates that factors other than the SR calcium pump and sarcolemmal Na/Ca exchange determine, or at least influence, the rate of relaxation.
    MeSH term(s) Action Potentials/drug effects ; Animals ; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/pharmacology ; Calcium/pharmacology ; Guinea Pigs ; Heart/physiology ; Humans ; Indoles/pharmacology ; Myocardial Contraction/drug effects ; Myocardial Contraction/physiology ; Sodium/pharmacology
    Chemical Substances Anti-Arrhythmia Agents ; Indoles ; Sodium (9NEZ333N27) ; Calcium (SY7Q814VUP) ; cyclopiazonic acid (X9TLY4580Z)
    Language English
    Publishing date 1999-07
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 101-6
    ISSN 0001-6772
    ISSN 0001-6772
    DOI 10.1046/j.1365-201x.1999.00563.x
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    In stock of ZB MED Cologne/Königswinter

    Uc I Zs.229: Show issues Location:
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  8. Article ; Online: Should patients with adult GH deficiency receive GH replacement?

    Jørgensen, Jens O L / Johannsson, Gudmundur / Barkan, Ariel

    European journal of endocrinology

    2021  Volume 186, Issue 1, Page(s) D1–D15

    MeSH term(s) Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Animals ; Body Composition/drug effects ; Bone Density ; Female ; Growth Hormone/adverse effects ; Growth Hormone/therapeutic use ; Hormone Replacement Therapy/adverse effects ; Human Growth Hormone/deficiency ; Humans ; Hypopituitarism/drug therapy ; Hypopituitarism/mortality ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Quality of Life
    Chemical Substances Human Growth Hormone (12629-01-5) ; Growth Hormone (9002-72-6)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-11-30
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Review
    ZDB-ID 1183856-5
    ISSN 1479-683X ; 0804-4643
    ISSN (online) 1479-683X
    ISSN 0804-4643
    DOI 10.1530/EJE-21-0534
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  9. Article ; Online: The Anti-Proliferative Lichen-Compound Protolichesterinic Acid Inhibits Oxidative Phosphorylation and Is Processed via the Mercapturic Pathway in Cancer Cells.

    Jóhannsson, Freyr / Cherek, Paulina / Xu, Maonian / Rolfsson, Óttar / Ögmundsdóttir, Helga M

    Planta medica

    2021  Volume 88, Issue 11, Page(s) 891–898

    Abstract: The lichen compound protolichesterinic acid (PA) has an anti-proliferative effect against several cancer cell lines of different origin. This effect cannot be explained by the known inhibitory activity of PA against 5- and 12-lipoxygenases. The aim was ... ...

    Abstract The lichen compound protolichesterinic acid (PA) has an anti-proliferative effect against several cancer cell lines of different origin. This effect cannot be explained by the known inhibitory activity of PA against 5- and 12-lipoxygenases. The aim was therefore to search for mechanisms for the anti-proliferative activity of PA. Two cancer cell lines of different origin, both sensitive to anti-proliferative effects of PA, were selected for this study, T-47D from breast cancer and AsPC-1 from pancreatic cancer. Morphological changes were assessed by transmission electron microscopy, HPLC coupled with TOF spectrometry was used for metabolomics, mitochondrial function was measured using the Agilent Seahorse XFp Real-time ATP assay and glucose/lactate levels by radiometry. Levels of glutathione, NADP/NADPH and reactive oxygen species [ROS] were measured by luminescence. Following exposure to PA both cell lines showed structural changes in mitochondria that were in line with a measured reduction in oxidative phosphorylation and increased glycolysis. These changes were more marked in T-47D, which had poorer mitochondrial function at baseline. PA was processed and expelled from the cells via the mercapturic pathway, which consumes glutathione. Nevertheless, glutathione levels were increased after 24 hours of exposure to PA, implying enhanced synthesis. Redox balance was not much affected and ROS levels were not increased. We conclude that PA is metabolically processed and expelled from cells, leading indirectly to increased glutathione levels with minimal effects on redox balance. The most marked effect was on mitochondrial structure and metabolic function implying that effects of PA may depend on mitochondrial fitness.
    MeSH term(s) 4-Butyrolactone/analogs & derivatives ; Cell Proliferation ; Glutathione/metabolism ; Lichens/chemistry ; Neoplasms ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxidative Phosphorylation ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Reactive Oxygen Species ; protolichesterinic acid (1448-96-0) ; Glutathione (GAN16C9B8O) ; 4-Butyrolactone (OL659KIY4X)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-09-14
    Publishing country Germany
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 123545-x
    ISSN 1439-0221 ; 0032-0943
    ISSN (online) 1439-0221
    ISSN 0032-0943
    DOI 10.1055/a-1579-6454
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  10. Article ; Online: Þrek, holdafar og heilsutengd lífsgæði eftir krabbameinsaðgerð

    Gudmundsson, G Haukur / Johannsson, Erlingur

    Laeknabladid

    2020  Volume 106, Issue 4, Page(s) 179–185

    Abstract: ... participants 25 - 77 y/o of both genders in remission from cancer answered questionnaires on HR-QoL (SF-36v2 ...

    Title translation Fitness, body composition and quality of life following cancer treatment.
    Abstract Introduction: Five-year survival of people diagnosed with cancer has increased in past decades. Knowledge of the long-term effects of cancer treatment on fitness, body composition and health related quality of life (HR-QoL) is important for cancer patients. The study aimed to evaluate body composition, HR-QoL and personality D of people post cancer treatment in the last 10 years; and to observe whether fitness was correlated with body composition and HR-QoL amongst them.
    Material and methods: Eighty participants 25 - 77 y/o of both genders in remission from cancer answered questionnaires on HR-QoL (SF-36v2 and EQ-5D-3L), personality D (DS14), general health, lifestyle and cancer treatment. Participants had their blood pressure measured, conducted the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and had their body composition meas-ured: body mass index, body fat percentage, waist and hip circumferences. SPSS was used for statistical analysis.
    Results: Approximately 2/3 of the participants had body composition over recommended values. Over half were overweight or obese. 66.3% had waist circumference over recommended values and 45.0% had waist/hip ratio over recommended values. 6MWT average distance was 634 m +/- 83 m. Significant correlation (p<0.05) was found between 6MWT and body composition and most categories of HR-QoL. -Increased fitness correlated with better body composition and higher HR-QoL. Only 13.8% of participants showed personality D.
    Conclusion: Cancer survivor's body composition is generally not at its best. It is important that people diagnosed with cancer are informed on the importance of healthy body composition. Fitness is an indicator for HR-QoL and body composition of cancer survivors.
    MeSH term(s) Adiposity ; Adult ; Aged ; Body Composition ; Cancer Survivors/psychology ; Female ; Functional Status ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms/therapy ; Physical Fitness ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome ; Type D Personality ; Waist Circumference
    Language Icelandic
    Publishing date 2020-03-28
    Publishing country Iceland
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 806661-9
    ISSN 1670-4959 ; 0023-7213
    ISSN (online) 1670-4959
    ISSN 0023-7213
    DOI 10.17992/lbl.2020.04.575
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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