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  1. Book: Neuronal networks in brain function, CNS disorders, and therapeutics

    Faingold, Carl L. / Blumenfeld, Hal

    2014  

    Author's details ed. by Carl Faingold ; Hal Blumenfeld
    Keywords Neural networks (Neurobiology) ; Neural circuitry ; Brain ; Central nervous system/Diseases ; Central nervous system/Diseases/Treatment
    Subject code 612.82
    Language English
    Size XIV, 497 S., [12] Bl. : Ill., graph. Darst., 28 cm
    Publisher Elsevier Acad. Press
    Publishing place Amsterdam u.a.
    Publishing country Netherlands
    Document type Book
    HBZ-ID HT018220351
    ISBN 978-0-12-415804-7 ; 9780124158641 ; 0-12-415804-8 ; 0124158641
    Database Catalogue ZB MED Medicine, Health

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    Shelf markLoan statusLocation
    2014 A 1325 available for loan (reading room) Lesesaal EG

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  2. Article: Arousal and Consciousness in Focal Seizures.

    Blumenfeld, Hal

    Epilepsy currents

    2021  Volume 21, Issue 5, Page(s) 353–359

    Abstract: Impaired consciousness during seizures severely affects quality of life for people with epilepsy but the mechanisms are just beginning to be understood. Consciousness is thought to involve large-scale brain networks, so it is puzzling that focal seizures ...

    Abstract Impaired consciousness during seizures severely affects quality of life for people with epilepsy but the mechanisms are just beginning to be understood. Consciousness is thought to involve large-scale brain networks, so it is puzzling that focal seizures often impair consciousness. Recent work investigating focal temporal lobe or limbic seizures in human patients and experimental animal models suggests that impaired consciousness is caused by active inhibition of subcortical arousal mechanisms. Focal limbic seizures exhibit decreased neuronal firing in brainstem, basal forebrain, and thalamic arousal networks, and cortical arousal can be restored when subcortical arousal circuits are stimulated during seizures. These findings open the possibility of restoring arousal and consciousness therapeutically during and following seizures by thalamic neurostimulation. When seizures cannot be stopped by existing treatments, targeted subcortical stimulation may improve arousal and consciousness, leading to improved safety and better psychosocial function for people with epilepsy.
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-24
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article
    ZDB-ID 2270080-8
    ISSN 1535-7597
    ISSN 1535-7597
    DOI 10.1177/15357597211029507
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: Brain Mechanisms of Conscious Awareness: Detect, Pulse, Switch, and Wave.

    Blumenfeld, Hal

    The Neuroscientist : a review journal bringing neurobiology, neurology and psychiatry

    2021  Volume 29, Issue 1, Page(s) 9–18

    Abstract: Consciousness is a fascinating field of neuroscience research where questions often outnumber the answers. We advocate an open and optimistic approach where converging mechanisms in neuroscience may eventually provide a satisfactory understanding of ... ...

    Abstract Consciousness is a fascinating field of neuroscience research where questions often outnumber the answers. We advocate an open and optimistic approach where converging mechanisms in neuroscience may eventually provide a satisfactory understanding of consciousness. We first review several characteristics of conscious neural activity, including the involvement of dedicated systems for content and levels of consciousness, the distinction and overlap of mechanisms contributing to conscious states and conscious awareness of transient events, nonlinear transitions and involvement of large-scale networks, and finally the temporal nexus where conscious awareness of discrete events occurs when mechanisms of attention and memory meet. These considerations and recent new experimental findings lead us to propose an inclusive hypothesis involving four phases initiated shortly after an external sensory stimulus: (1) Detect-primary and higher cortical and subcortical circuits detect the stimulus and select it for conscious perception. (2) Pulse-a transient and massive neuromodulatory surge in subcortical-cortical arousal and salience networks amplifies signals enabling conscious perception to proceed. (3) Switch-networks that may interfere with conscious processing are switched off. (4) Wave-sequential processing through hierarchical lower to higher cortical regions produces a fully formed percept, encoded in frontoparietal working memory and medial temporal episodic memory systems for subsequent report of experience. The framework hypothesized here is intended to be nonexclusive and encourages the addition of other mechanisms with further progress. Ultimately, just as many mechanisms in biology together distinguish living from nonliving things, many mechanisms in neuroscience synergistically may separate conscious from nonconscious neural activity.
    MeSH term(s) Humans ; Consciousness ; Brain ; Attention ; Memory, Short-Term ; Awareness
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-10-11
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1233753-5
    ISSN 1089-4098 ; 1073-8584
    ISSN (online) 1089-4098
    ISSN 1073-8584
    DOI 10.1177/10738584211049378
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: Testing awareness in focal seizures: Clinical practice and interpretation of current guidelines.

    Contreras Ramirez, Violeta / Vaddiparti, Aparna / Blumenfeld, Hal

    Annals of clinical and translational neurology

    2022  Volume 9, Issue 5, Page(s) 762–765

    Abstract: The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) classification of focal seizures uses recall of experiences post-ictally to assess for awareness and not ictal responsiveness to external stimuli, stating that responsiveness is often not tested. We ... ...

    Abstract The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) classification of focal seizures uses recall of experiences post-ictally to assess for awareness and not ictal responsiveness to external stimuli, stating that responsiveness is often not tested. We investigated how clinicians assess for seizure awareness by administering an online survey. We found that most respondents use both responsiveness and recall to assess for awareness in the clinic (78%) and in the epilepsy monitoring unit (72%). Furthermore, 60% of respondents believe that the ILAE recommends using both measures. Given our results, we believe that using both responsiveness and recall would provide a more practical classification of impaired consciousness in focal seizures.
    MeSH term(s) Epilepsy ; Humans ; Mental Recall ; Seizures/diagnosis ; Stroke
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-04-29
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 2740696-9
    ISSN 2328-9503 ; 2328-9503
    ISSN (online) 2328-9503
    ISSN 2328-9503
    DOI 10.1002/acn3.51552
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: A master switch for consciousness?

    Blumenfeld, Hal

    Epilepsy & behavior : E&B

    2014  Volume 37, Page(s) 234–235

    MeSH term(s) Cerebral Cortex/physiology ; Consciousness ; Deep Brain Stimulation/methods ; Electrodes, Implanted ; Epilepsy/physiopathology ; Female ; Humans
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-08-02
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Editorial ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2010587-3
    ISSN 1525-5069 ; 1525-5050
    ISSN (online) 1525-5069
    ISSN 1525-5050
    DOI 10.1016/j.yebeh.2014.07.008
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  6. Article: Contralateral ictal ptosis: Is it a reliable lateralizing sign in epilepsy?

    Sheikh, Zubeda / Blumenfeld, Hal / Hirsch, Lawrence J

    Neurology. Clinical practice

    2020  Volume 9, Issue 6, Page(s) 513–515

    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-02-10
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Case Reports
    ZDB-ID 2645818-4
    ISSN 2163-0933 ; 2163-0402
    ISSN (online) 2163-0933
    ISSN 2163-0402
    DOI 10.1212/CPJ.0000000000000690
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article: What is a seizure network? Long-range network consequences of focal seizures.

    Blumenfeld, Hal

    Advances in experimental medicine and biology

    2014  Volume 813, Page(s) 63–70

    Abstract: What defines the spatial and temporal boundaries of seizure activity in brain networks? To fully answer this question a precise and quantitative definition of seizures is needed, which unfortunately remains elusive. Nevertheless, it is possible to ask ... ...

    Abstract What defines the spatial and temporal boundaries of seizure activity in brain networks? To fully answer this question a precise and quantitative definition of seizures is needed, which unfortunately remains elusive. Nevertheless, it is possible to ask under conditions where clearly divergent patterns of activity occur in large-scale brain networks whether certain activity patterns are part of the seizure while others are not. Here we examine brain network activity during focal limbic seizures, including diverse regions such as the hippocampus, subcortical arousal systems and fronto-parietal association cortex. Based on work from patients and from animal models we describe a characteristic pattern of intense increases in neuronal firing, cerebral blood flow, cerebral blood volume, blood oxygen level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD fMRI) signals and cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen consumption in the hippocampus during focal limbic seizures. Similar increases are seen in certain closely linked subcortical structures such as the lateral septal nuclei and anterior hypothalamus, which contain inhibitory neurons. In marked contrast, decreases in all of these parameters are seen in the subcortical arousal systems of the upper brainstem and intralaminar thalamus, as well as in the fronto-parietal association cortex. We propose that the seizure proper can be defined as regions showing intense increases, while those areas showing opposite changes are inhibited by the seizure network and constitute long-range network consequences beyond the seizure itself. Importantly, the fronto-parietal cortex shows sleep-like slow wave activity and depressed metabolism under these conditions, associated with impaired consciousness. Understanding which brain networks are directly involved in seizures versus which sustain secondary consequences can provide new insights into the mechanisms of brain dysfunction in epilepsy, hopefully leading to innovative treatment approaches.
    MeSH term(s) Animals ; Cerebrovascular Circulation ; Humans ; Models, Animal ; Seizures/physiopathology
    Language English
    Publishing date 2014-07-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 410187-X
    ISSN 0065-2598
    ISSN 0065-2598
    DOI 10.1007/978-94-017-8914-1_5
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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    Zs.A 3192: Show issues Location:
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    Einzelsignatur: Show issues

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  8. Article ; Online: Short-term changes in cortical physiological arousal measured by electroencephalography during thalamic centromedian deep brain stimulation.

    Martin, Reese A / Cukiert, Arthur / Blumenfeld, Hal

    Epilepsia

    2021  Volume 62, Issue 11, Page(s) 2604–2614

    Abstract: Objective: The intralaminar thalamus is well implicated in the processes of arousal and attention. Stimulation of the intralaminar thalamus has been used therapeutically to improve level of alertness in minimally conscious individuals and to reduce ... ...

    Abstract Objective: The intralaminar thalamus is well implicated in the processes of arousal and attention. Stimulation of the intralaminar thalamus has been used therapeutically to improve level of alertness in minimally conscious individuals and to reduce seizures in refractory epilepsy, both presumably through modulation of thalamocortical function. Little work exists that directly measures the effects of intralaminar thalamic stimulation on cortical physiological arousal in humans. Therefore, our goal was to quantify cortical physiological arousal in individuals with epilepsy receiving thalamic intralaminar deep brain stimulation.
    Methods: We recorded scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) during thalamic intralaminar centromedian (CM) nucleus stimulation in 11 patients with medically refractory epilepsy. Participants underwent stimulation at 130 Hz and 300 µs for periods of 5 min alternating with 5 min of rest while stimulus voltage was titrated upward from 1 to 5 V. EEG signal power was analyzed in different frequency ranges in relation to stimulus strength and time.
    Results: We found a progressive increase in broadband gamma (25-100 Hz) cortical EEG power (F = 7.64, p < .05) and decrease in alpha (8-13 Hz) power (F = 4.37, p < .05) with thalamic CM stimulation. Topographic maps showed these changes to be widely distributed across the cortical surface rather than localized to one region.
    Significance: Previous work has shown that broadband increases in gamma frequency power and decreases in alpha frequency power are generally associated with states of cortical activation and increased arousal/attention. Our observed changes therefore support the possible role of cortical activation and increased physiological arousal in therapeutic effects of intralaminar thalamic stimulation for improving both epilepsy and attention. Further investigations with this approach may lead to methods for determining optimal deep brain stimulation parameters to improve clinical outcome in these disorders.
    MeSH term(s) Arousal ; Cerebral Cortex ; Deep Brain Stimulation/methods ; Drug Resistant Epilepsy/therapy ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy/therapy ; Humans ; Thalamus
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-08-18
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 216382-2
    ISSN 1528-1167 ; 0013-9580
    ISSN (online) 1528-1167
    ISSN 0013-9580
    DOI 10.1111/epi.17042
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article ; Online: Spatiotemporal features of neurovascular (un)coupling with stimulus-induced activity and hypercapnia challenge in cerebral cortex and olfactory bulb.

    James, Shaun / Sanggaard, Simon / Akif, Adil / Mishra, Sandeep K / Sanganahalli, Basavaraju G / Blumenfeld, Hal / Verhagen, Justus V / Hyder, Fahmeed / Herman, Peter

    Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism

    2023  Volume 43, Issue 11, Page(s) 1891–1904

    Abstract: Carbon dioxide ( ... ...

    Abstract Carbon dioxide (CO
    MeSH term(s) Mice ; Animals ; Hypercapnia ; Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; Cerebrovascular Circulation/physiology ; Olfactory Bulb ; Neurovascular Coupling/physiology ; Cerebral Cortex/metabolism
    Chemical Substances Carbon Dioxide (142M471B3J)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2023-06-21
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 604628-9
    ISSN 1559-7016 ; 0271-678X
    ISSN (online) 1559-7016
    ISSN 0271-678X
    DOI 10.1177/0271678X231183887
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: Impaired consciousness in epilepsy.

    Blumenfeld, Hal

    The Lancet. Neurology

    2012  Volume 11, Issue 9, Page(s) 814–826

    Abstract: Consciousness is essential to normal human life. In epileptic seizures consciousness is often transiently lost, which makes it impossible for the individual to experience or respond. These effects have huge consequences for safety, productivity, ... ...

    Abstract Consciousness is essential to normal human life. In epileptic seizures consciousness is often transiently lost, which makes it impossible for the individual to experience or respond. These effects have huge consequences for safety, productivity, emotional health, and quality of life. To prevent impaired consciousness in epilepsy, it is necessary to understand the mechanisms that lead to brain dysfunction during seizures. Normally the consciousness system-a specialised set of cortical-subcortical structures-maintains alertness, attention, and awareness. Advances in neuroimaging, electrophysiology, and prospective behavioural testing have shed light on how epileptic seizures disrupt the consciousness system. Diverse seizure types, including absence, generalised tonic-clonic, and complex partial seizures, converge on the same set of anatomical structures through different mechanisms to disrupt consciousness. Understanding of these mechanisms could lead to improved treatment strategies to prevent impairment of consciousness and improve the quality of life of people with epilepsy.
    MeSH term(s) Cerebral Cortex/pathology ; Cerebral Cortex/physiopathology ; Consciousness/physiology ; Consciousness Disorders/etiology ; Consciousness Disorders/pathology ; Electroencephalography ; Epilepsy/complications ; Humans ; Neuroimaging
    Language English
    Publishing date 2012-08-16
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2081241-3
    ISSN 1474-4465 ; 1474-4422
    ISSN (online) 1474-4465
    ISSN 1474-4422
    DOI 10.1016/S1474-4422(12)70188-6
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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