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Article: Case 64: Tuberous sclerosis.

Lonergan, Gael J / Smirniotopoulos, James G

2003 Volume 229, Issue 2, Page(s) 385–388

MeSH term(s)	Echocardiography ; Echoencephalography ; Female ; Heart Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Kidney/diagnostic imaging ; Kidney Diseases, Cystic/diagnostic imaging ; Rhabdomyoma/diagnostic imaging ; Tuberous Sclerosis/diagnostic imaging
Language	English
Publishing date	2003-11
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80324-8
ISSN	1527-1315 ; 0033-8419
ISSN (online)	1527-1315
ISSN	0033-8419
DOI	10.1148/radiol.2292020154
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Article: How well do we prepare pediatric radiologists regarding child abuse? Results of a survey of recently trained fellows.

Pennington, Debra J / Lonergan, Gael J / Mendelson, Kenneth L

Pediatric radiology

2004 Volume 34, Issue 1, Page(s) 59–65

Abstract: Background: Pediatric radiologists serve an important role in the radiologic diagnosis, investigation, and in legal proceedings in cases of child abuse. The Society for Pediatric Radiology should evaluate and insure the adequacy of training of pediatric ...

Abstract	Background: Pediatric radiologists serve an important role in the radiologic diagnosis, investigation, and in legal proceedings in cases of child abuse. The Society for Pediatric Radiology should evaluate and insure the adequacy of training of pediatric radiologists for this important role. Objective: The Society for Pediatric Radiology Committee on Child Abuse, 2002, conducted a 24-question survey to evaluate the scope and perceived adequacy of training received by pediatric radiology fellows regarding the radiologic diagnosis of child abuse and the associated legal process. Materials and methods: Eighty-four surveys were mailed to radiologists who had completed a year in pediatric radiology fellowship training during the years 1999 and 2000. There were 33 surveys returned for an overall response of 39%. Results: Respondents' perception of adequacy of training was best for the radiologic diagnosis of child abuse. The majority perceived they were not well trained in the investigative and legal processes regarding child abuse. The majority would welcome standardized training. Conclusion: Current pediatric radiology training programs do not sufficiently prepare pediatric radiologists for their role in the legal system regarding child abuse. A standardized program to train pediatric radiologists about the imaging diagnosis of child abuse and their role in the legal system is recommended.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Child Abuse ; Clinical Competence ; Data Collection ; Education, Medical, Graduate ; Educational Status ; Fellowships and Scholarships ; Humans ; Musculoskeletal System/diagnostic imaging ; Musculoskeletal System/injuries ; Pediatrics/education ; Radiography ; Radiology/education ; Trauma, Nervous System/diagnostic imaging ; United States
Language	English
Publishing date	2004-01
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	124459-0
ISSN	1432-1998 ; 0301-0449
ISSN (online)	1432-1998
ISSN	0301-0449
DOI	10.1007/s00247-003-1071-x
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Zs.A 927: Show issues

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Article: Homicidal commotio cordis: the final blow in a battered infant.

Baker, Andrew M / Craig, Barbara R / Lonergan, Gael J

Child abuse & neglect

2003 Volume 27, Issue 1, Page(s) 125–130

Abstract: Objective: This report describes in detail the occurrence of inflicted commotio cordis (cardiac concussion) in a previously abused 7-week-old. Though inflicted commotio cordis has been reported in three toddlers, this is the first report in a young ... ...

Abstract	Objective: This report describes in detail the occurrence of inflicted commotio cordis (cardiac concussion) in a previously abused 7-week-old. Though inflicted commotio cordis has been reported in three toddlers, this is the first report in a young infant. Method: Following documentation of abuse in a living child, the case of a death of a prior sibling--previously regarded as natural--was re-opened for further investigation. Original autopsy materials were reviewed, and the body of the deceased child was exhumed. Results: Exhumation and second autopsy documented more than 50 fractures in the deceased child. When re-interviewed, the children's father admitted to causing the injuries in both children, and gave a textbook description of commotio cordis as the mechanism of death in the fatal case. Conclusions: Commotio cordis is a rare event in which a fatal dysrhythmia--usually ventricular fibrillation--is precipitated by a blow to the precordial chest. Previous reports have indicated that homicidal commotio cordis can occur in small children. This report demonstrates that commotio cordis can occur even in the very young, previously abused infant.
MeSH term(s)	Autopsy ; Cause of Death ; Child Abuse ; Fatal Outcome ; Fractures, Bone ; Heart Injuries/complications ; Heart Injuries/etiology ; Heart Injuries/pathology ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Ventricular Fibrillation/etiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2003-01
Publishing country	England
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	799143-5
ISSN	1873-7757 ; 0145-2134
ISSN (online)	1873-7757
ISSN	0145-2134
DOI	10.1016/s0145-2134(02)00511-2
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Zs.A 1437: Show issues

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Article: The sonographic appearance and detectability of nonopaque and semiopaque materials of military origin.

Harcke, H Theodore / Levy, Angela D / Lonergan, Gael J

Military medicine

2002 Volume 167, Issue 6, Page(s) 459–463

Abstract: The objective of our study was to characterize the sonographic appearance and detectability of nonopaque and semiopaque materials of military origin in soft tissue. Representative materials were obtained from combat boots used in land mine tests and from ...

Abstract	The objective of our study was to characterize the sonographic appearance and detectability of nonopaque and semiopaque materials of military origin in soft tissue. Representative materials were obtained from combat boots used in land mine tests and from military-issue clothing and equipment. Sixty fragments from 3 to 30 mm were embedded in an in vitro tissue model (thawed turkey breasts). Real-time ultrasonography was used to search for the fragments and to characterize their sonographic qualities (surface echoes, acoustic shadowing) when visible. Fifty-eight fragments were identified successfully. Two 5-mm fragments in the group of smallest size were missed. All types of material tested were visible. Nonopaque fragments of military origin should be detectable by sonography when present as foreign bodies in soft tissue. This represents a potential application for sonography in military hospitals.
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Foreign Bodies/diagnostic imaging ; Soft Tissue Injuries/diagnostic imaging ; Ultrasonography
Language	English
Publishing date	2002-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	391061-1
ISSN	1930-613X ; 0026-4075
ISSN (online)	1930-613X
ISSN	0026-4075
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Article: Caroli's disease: radiologic spectrum with pathologic correlation.

Levy, Angela D / Rohrmann, Charles A / Murakata, Linda A / Lonergan, Gael J

AJR. American journal of roentgenology

2002 Volume 179, Issue 4, Page(s) 1053–1057

Abstract: Objective: The purpose of our study was to describe the spectrum of radiologic and pathologic features of Caroli's disease.: Conclusion: Caroli's disease and its complications have overlapping radiologic appearances that reflect the underlying ... ...

Abstract	Objective: The purpose of our study was to describe the spectrum of radiologic and pathologic features of Caroli's disease. Conclusion: Caroli's disease and its complications have overlapping radiologic appearances that reflect the underlying pathology of fibrosis, ductal dilatation, cholangitis, stone formation, and malignancy.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic/pathology ; Caroli Disease/complications ; Caroli Disease/diagnostic imaging ; Caroli Disease/pathology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cholangiography ; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Liver/pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Language	English
Publishing date	2002-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
ZDB-ID	82076-3
ISSN	1546-3141 ; 0361-803X ; 0092-5381
ISSN (online)	1546-3141
ISSN	0361-803X ; 0092-5381
DOI	10.2214/ajr.179.4.1791053
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Article ; Online: From the archives of the AFIP. Child abuse: radiologic-pathologic correlation.

Lonergan, Gael J / Baker, Andrew M / Morey, Mitchel K / Boos, Steven C

Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc

2003 Volume 23, Issue 4, Page(s) 811–845

Abstract: In the United States, roughly one of every 100 children is subjected to some form of neglect or abuse; inflicted injury is responsible for approximately 1,200 deaths per year. Child physical abuse may manifest as virtually any injury pattern known to ... ...

Abstract	In the United States, roughly one of every 100 children is subjected to some form of neglect or abuse; inflicted injury is responsible for approximately 1,200 deaths per year. Child physical abuse may manifest as virtually any injury pattern known to medicine. Some of the injuries observed in battered children are relatively unique to this population (especially when observed in infants) and therefore are highly suggestive of nonaccidental, or inflicted, injury. Worrisome injuries include rib fracture, metaphyseal fracture, interhemispheric extraaxial hemorrhage, shear-type brain injury, vertebral compression fracture, and small bowel hematoma and laceration. As noted, however, virtually any injury may be inflicted; therefore, careful consideration of the nature of the injury, the developmental capabilities of the child, and the given history are crucial to determine the likelihood that an injury was inflicted. The majority of these injuries are readily detectable at imaging, and radiologic examination forms the mainstay of evaluation of child physical abuse. Detection of metaphyseal fracture (regarded as the most specific radiographically detectable injury in abuse) depends on high-quality, small field-of-view radiographs. The injury manifests radiographically as a lucent area within the subphyseal metaphysis, extending completely or partially across the metaphysis, roughly perpendicular to the long axis of the bone. Acute rib fractures (which in infants are strongly correlated with abuse) appear as linear lucent areas. They may be difficult to discern when acute; thus, follow-up radiography increases detection of these fractures. For skull injuries, radiography is best for detecting fractures, but computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging best depict intracranial injury.
MeSH term(s)	Archives ; Child ; Child Abuse/statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Military Medicine/statistics & numerical data ; Military Medicine/trends ; Pathology, Clinical/statistics & numerical data ; Pathology, Clinical/trends ; Radiography/statistics & numerical data ; Radiography/trends ; Radiology Information Systems/statistics & numerical data ; Radiology Information Systems/trends ; Wounds and Injuries/diagnostic imaging ; Wounds and Injuries/pathology
Language	English
Publishing date	2003-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	603172-9
ISSN	1527-1323 ; 0271-5333
ISSN (online)	1527-1323
ISSN	0271-5333
DOI	10.1148/rg.234035030
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Zs.A 1751: Show issues

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Article: Neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroblastoma, and ganglioneuroma: radiologic-pathologic correlation.

Lonergan, Gael J / Schwab, Cornelia M / Suarez, Eric S / Carlson, Christian L

Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc

2002 Volume 22, Issue 4, Page(s) 911–934

Abstract: Neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroblastoma, and ganglioneuroma are tumors of the sympathetic nervous system that arise from primitive sympathogonia and are referred to collectively as neuroblastic tumors. They arise wherever sympathetic tissue exists and may be ...

Abstract	Neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroblastoma, and ganglioneuroma are tumors of the sympathetic nervous system that arise from primitive sympathogonia and are referred to collectively as neuroblastic tumors. They arise wherever sympathetic tissue exists and may be seen in the neck, posterior mediastinum, adrenal gland, retroperitoneum, and pelvis. The three tumors differ in their degree of cellular and extracellular maturation; immature tumors tend to be aggressive and occur in younger patients (median age, just under 2 years), whereas mature tumors occur in older children (median age, approximately 7 years) and tend to behave in a benign fashion. The most benign tumor is the ganglioneuroma, which is composed of gangliocytes and mature stroma. Ganglioneuroblastoma is composed of both mature gangliocytes and immature neuroblasts and has intermediate malignant potential. Neuroblastoma is the most immature, undifferentiated, and malignant tumor of the three. Neuroblastoma, however, may have a relatively benign course, even when metastatic. Thus, these neuroblastic tumors vary widely in their biologic behavior. Features such as DNA content, tumor proto-oncogenes, and catecholamine synthesis influence prognosis, and their presence or absence aids in categorizing patients as high, intermediate, or low risk. Treatment consists of surgery and, usually, chemotherapy. Despite recent advances in treatment, including bone marrow transplantation, neuroblastoma remains a relatively lethal tumor, accounting for 10% of pediatric cancers but 15% of cancer deaths in children.
MeSH term(s)	Ganglioneuroblastoma/diagnostic imaging ; Ganglioneuroblastoma/pathology ; Ganglioneuroma/diagnostic imaging ; Ganglioneuroma/pathology ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Neoplasm Staging ; Neuroblastoma/diagnostic imaging ; Neuroblastoma/pathology ; Prognosis ; Risk Factors ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Language	English
Publishing date	2002-07
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	603172-9
ISSN	1527-1323 ; 0271-5333
ISSN (online)	1527-1323
ISSN	0271-5333
DOI	10.1148/radiographics.22.4.g02jl15911
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Article: Imaging body armor.

Harcke, H Theodore / Schauer, David A / Harris, Robert M / Campman, Steven C / Lonergan, Gael J

Military medicine

2002 Volume 167, Issue 4, Page(s) 267–271

Abstract: This study examined the feasibility of performing radiographic studies on patients wearing standard-issue body armor. The Kevlar helmet, fragmentation vest, demining suit sleeve, and armor plate were studied with plain film and computed tomography in a ... ...

Abstract	This study examined the feasibility of performing radiographic studies on patients wearing standard-issue body armor. The Kevlar helmet, fragmentation vest, demining suit sleeve, and armor plate were studied with plain film and computed tomography in a simulated casualty situation. We found that the military helmet contains metal screws and metal clips in the headband, but diagnostic computed tomographic images can be obtained. Kevlar, the principal component of soft armor, has favorable photon attenuation characteristics. Plate armor of composite material also did not limit radiographic studies. Therefore, when medically advantageous, patients can be examined radiographically while wearing standard military body armor. Civilian emergency rooms should be aware of these observations because law enforcement officers wear similar protective armor.
MeSH term(s)	Extremities/diagnostic imaging ; Feasibility Studies ; Head/diagnostic imaging ; Head Protective Devices ; Humans ; Military Personnel ; Protective Clothing ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods ; United States
Language	English
Publishing date	2002-04
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	391061-1
ISSN	1930-613X ; 0026-4075
ISSN (online)	1930-613X
ISSN	0026-4075
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Article: Mesenchymal hamartoma of the chest wall: radiologic manifestations with emphasis on cross-sectional imaging and histopathologic comparison.

Groom, Kathleen R / Murphey, Mark D / Howard, Leonard M / Lonergan, Gael J / Rosado-De-Christenson, Melissa L / Torop, Andres H

Radiology

2002 Volume 222, Issue 1, Page(s) 205–211

Abstract: Purpose: To describe the imaging features of chest wall mesenchymal hamartoma with emphasis on cross-sectional imaging and comparison with histopathologic results.: Materials and methods: For 14 mesenchymal hamartomas of the chest wall in 12 children, ...

Abstract	Purpose: To describe the imaging features of chest wall mesenchymal hamartoma with emphasis on cross-sectional imaging and comparison with histopathologic results. Materials and methods: For 14 mesenchymal hamartomas of the chest wall in 12 children, radiologic studies (computed tomographic [CT] scans [n = 14], radiographs [n = 11], magnetic resonance [MR] images [n = 9], and bone scintigraphic images [n = 1]) were reviewed by four radiologists with consensus agreement. Clinical history was reviewed for patient demographics and symptoms at presentation. Radiologic studies were evaluated for lesion location, size, number of affected ribs, cortical irregularity or erosion, presence and type of matrix mineralization, lung hyperaeration adjacent to the lesion, degree and homogeneity of radionuclide uptake, and intrinsic characteristics on CT and MR images. Results: Patients included seven male and five female children. Nine patients (75%) were younger than 1 year. Five patients had a chest wall mass; in the remaining seven, the lesion was discovered incidentally. All 14 lesions arose from ribs, 11 were located posteriorly, and 11 affected multiple contiguous ribs. Two patients had multifocal disease, each with two discrete lesions. Radiography in all cases revealed a large expansile rib lesion and an associated extrapleural soft-tissue mass, suggesting an aggressive process. Mineralization was seen in seven (64%) lesions at radiography and in 14 (100%) lesions at CT. Hemorrhagic cavities (secondary aneurysmal bone cyst [ABC] regions) were common, seen in nine (64%) lesions at CT and in four (80%) of five lesions imaged with T2-weighted MR imaging. Conclusion: Mesenchymal hamartoma of the chest wall may be recognized by its characteristic occurrence in infancy and cross-sectional imaging features of mineralization and hemorrhagic cystic (secondary ABC) components.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Female ; Hamartoma/diagnostic imaging ; Hamartoma/pathology ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Radionuclide Imaging ; Retrospective Studies ; Thoracic Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging ; Thoracic Neoplasms/pathology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Language	English
Publishing date	2002-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	80324-8
ISSN	1527-1315 ; 0033-8419
ISSN (online)	1527-1315
ISSN	0033-8419
DOI	10.1148/radiol.2221010522
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