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Article ; Online: Unravelling the history of hepatitis B virus genotypes A and D infection using a full-genome phylogenetic and phylogeographic approach.

Kostaki, Evangelia-Georgia / Karamitros, Timokratis / Stefanou, Garyfallia / Mamais, Ioannis / Angelis, Konstantinos / Hatzakis, Angelos / Kramvis, Anna / Paraskevis, Dimitrios

eLife

2018 Volume 7

Abstract: ... clustering for genotypes D and A. We used 916 HBV-D and 493 HBV-A full-length sequences to reconstruct ... the criterion of parsimony. The putative origin of genotype D was in North Africa/Middle East. HBV-D sequences ... differences in the global dissemination patterns of HBV-D and HBV-A and different levels of monophyletic ...

Abstract	Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection constitutes a global public health problem. In order to establish how HBV was disseminated across different geographic regions, we estimated the levels of regional clustering for genotypes D and A. We used 916 HBV-D and 493 HBV-A full-length sequences to reconstruct their global phylogeny. Phylogeographic analysis was conducted by the reconstruction of ancestral states using the criterion of parsimony. The putative origin of genotype D was in North Africa/Middle East. HBV-D sequences form low levels of regional clustering for the Middle East and Southern Europe. In contrast, HBV-A sequences form two major clusters, the first including sequences mostly from sub-Saharan Africa, and the second including sequences mostly from Western and Central Europe. Conclusion: We observed considerable differences in the global dissemination patterns of HBV-D and HBV-A and different levels of monophyletic clustering in relation to the regions of prevalence of each genotype.
MeSH term(s)	Africa South of the Sahara ; DNA, Viral/genetics ; Europe ; Genome, Viral/genetics ; Genotype ; Hepatitis B/epidemiology ; Hepatitis B/genetics ; Hepatitis B/virology ; Hepatitis B virus/genetics ; Hepatitis B virus/pathogenicity ; Humans ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Phylogeny ; Phylogeography ; Sequence Analysis, DNA
Chemical Substances	DNA, Viral
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-08-07
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2687154-3
ISSN	2050-084X ; 2050-084X
ISSN (online)	2050-084X
ISSN	2050-084X
DOI	10.7554/eLife.36709
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Article ; Online: Unravelling the history of hepatitis B virus genotypes A and D infection using a full-genome phylogenetic and phylogeographic approach

Evangelia-Georgia Kostaki / Timokratis Karamitros / Garyfallia Stefanou / Ioannis Mamais / Konstantinos Angelis / Angelos Hatzakis / Anna Kramvis / Dimitrios Paraskevis

eLife, Vol

2018 Volume 7

Abstract	Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection constitutes a global public health problem. In order to establish how HBV was disseminated across different geographic regions, we estimated the levels of regional clustering for genotypes D and A. We used 916 HBV-D and 493 HBV-A full-length sequences to reconstruct their global phylogeny. Phylogeographic analysis was conducted by the reconstruction of ancestral states using the criterion of parsimony. The putative origin of genotype D was in North Africa/Middle East. HBV-D sequences form low levels of regional clustering for the Middle East and Southern Europe. In contrast, HBV-A sequences form two major clusters, the first including sequences mostly from sub-Saharan Africa, and the second including sequences mostly from Western and Central Europe. Conclusion: We observed considerable differences in the global dissemination patterns of HBV-D and HBV-A and different levels of monophyletic clustering in relation to the regions of prevalence of each genotype.
Keywords	hepatitis B virus ; phylogeny ; phylogeography ; global dispersal ; Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q ; Biology (General) ; QH301-705.5
Subject code	570
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	eLife Sciences Publications Ltd
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: Investigation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Outbreaks Among People Who Inject Drugs: Timely Diagnosis and Molecular Surveillance are Crucial.

Paraskevis, Dimitrios

The Journal of infectious diseases

2017 Volume 216, Issue 9, Page(s) 1049–1050

MeSH term(s)	Disease Outbreaks ; HIV ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; Humans ; Opiate Alkaloids ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous/epidemiology ; United States
Chemical Substances	Opiate Alkaloids
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-10-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Comment
ZDB-ID	3019-3
ISSN	1537-6613 ; 0022-1899
ISSN (online)	1537-6613
ISSN	0022-1899
DOI	10.1093/infdis/jix308
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Article ; Online: The interaction of human immunodeficiency virus-1 and human endogenous retroviruses in patients (primary cell cultures) and cell line models.

Mantovani, Federica / Kitsou, Konstantina / Paraskevis, Dimitrios / Lagiou, Pagona / Magiorkinis, Gkikas

Microbiology spectrum

2023 Volume 11, Issue 6, Page(s) e0137923

Abstract: Importance: In this work, we demonstrated that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection leads to the modification of the human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) expression. Differential expression of multiple HERVs was found in peripheral blood ... ...

Abstract	Importance: In this work, we demonstrated that human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection leads to the modification of the human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) expression. Differential expression of multiple HERVs was found in peripheral blood mononuclear cells derived from HIV-infected patients compared to healthy donors and HIV-infected T cell cultures compared to non-infected. The effect of HIV presence on HERV expression appears to be more restricted in cells of monocytic origin, as only deregulation of HERV-W and HERV-K (HML-6) was found in these cell cultures after their infection with HIV. Multiple factors contribute to this aberrant HERV expression, and its levels appear to be modified in a time-dependent manner. Further studies and the development of optimized
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Endogenous Retroviruses/genetics ; HIV-1/metabolism ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; Primary Cell Culture ; Cell Line ; HIV Infections
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2807133-5
ISSN	2165-0497 ; 2165-0497
ISSN (online)	2165-0497
ISSN	2165-0497
DOI	10.1128/spectrum.01379-23
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Article: Sociopolitical Diagnostic Tools to Understand National and Local Response Capabilities and Vulnerabilities to Epidemics and Guide Research into How to Improve the Global Response to Pathogens.

Friedman, Samuel R / Perlman, David C / Paraskevis, Dimitrios / Feldman, Justin

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)

2023 Volume 12, Issue 8

Abstract: The AIDS and COVID-19 pandemics demonstrated that nations at similar economic development levels varied widely in their capacity to protect the health of their residents. For AIDS, Britain and Australia brought gay representatives into official counsels ... ...

Abstract	The AIDS and COVID-19 pandemics demonstrated that nations at similar economic development levels varied widely in their capacity to protect the health of their residents. For AIDS, Britain and Australia brought gay representatives into official counsels and adopted harm reduction far more rapidly than the United States or Spain, and East African countries responded more effectively than South Africa or the Democratic Republic of the Congo. National responses to COVID-19 varied widely, with New Zealand, China, and Vietnam more effective than Italy, Brazil, or the United States. Further, as phylogenetic research has demonstrated, these pandemics spread from one country to another, with those that responded poorly acting as sources for mutations and potentially sources of transmission to countries with more effective responses. Many observers expressed surprise at the poor responses of the United States to COVID-19, but in retrospect the cutbacks in public health funding at state and national levels made it clear that this was a predictable weakness even in addition to the political vacillations that crippled the US and Brazilian responses. In a time of global sociopolitical and climate instability, it is important to measure and conduct research into spatial and time variations in 1. public health and medical funding, 2. social influence networks, social cohesion and trust, and stigmatization, 3. income inequality, 4. social conflict, and 5. other factors that affect responsiveness to pandemics.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-08
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2695572-6
ISSN	2076-0817
ISSN	2076-0817
DOI	10.3390/pathogens12081023
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Article ; Online: The Effect of Health Education on Adolescents' Awareness of HPV Infections and Attitudes towards HPV Vaccination in Greece.

Thanasas, Ioannis / Lavranos, Giagkos / Gkogkou, Pinelopi / Paraskevis, Dimitrios

International journal of environmental research and public health

2022 Volume 19, Issue 1

Abstract: Background: The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the role of health education among young adolescents, regarding their level of knowledge about the HPV and the acceptance of the HPV vaccination, with the aim of increasing vaccination coverage, in ... ...

Abstract	Background: The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the role of health education among young adolescents, regarding their level of knowledge about the HPV and the acceptance of the HPV vaccination, with the aim of increasing vaccination coverage, in Trikala city, mainland of Greece. Methods: This study included high school students from all public and private schools of Trikala city. Questionnaires related to knowledge regarding the HPV infection and HPV vaccination were administered in three phases. In the first phase of the study, the questionnaires were completed by the entire study population. During the second and third phases, the completion of the questionnaires concerned only the population that received the intervention (interactive seminars). The second and third phase questionnaires were completed immediately after the interactive seminar and three months later, respectively. The statistical analysis of the results was performed using IBM SPSS 20.0 statistical program. Results: A total of 434 female students completed the questionnaire (response rate 76.26%). Most participants (66.6%) were females. The questionnaires evaluated the respondents' awareness of the HPV infection. The results show that the percentage of the participants who stated that they "do not know" what HPV is decreased from 44.4% (first phase), to 1.6% (second phase), and 8.1% (third phase). Similarly, the willingness to accept the HPV vaccine increased from 71% (first phase), to 89.1% (second phase), and 83.5% (third phase). Conclusions: The present study shows that targeted interactive informational interventions in the school environment leads to a statistically significant increase in both the level of knowledge about HPV and the willingness of young adolescent students to be vaccinated against cervical cancer.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Female ; Greece ; Health Education ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Papillomavirus Infections/prevention & control ; Papillomavirus Vaccines ; Patient Acceptance of Health Care ; Vaccination Coverage
Chemical Substances	Papillomavirus Vaccines
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-03
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2175195-X
ISSN	1660-4601 ; 1661-7827
ISSN (online)	1660-4601
ISSN	1661-7827
DOI	10.3390/ijerph19010503
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Article ; Online: An evolving genetic tapestry of HIV-1 recombinants.

Paraskevis, Dimitrios / Kostaki, Evangelia-Georgia

The lancet. HIV

2020 Volume 7, Issue 11, Page(s) e733–e734

MeSH term(s)	HIV Infections/epidemiology ; HIV Seropositivity ; HIV-1/genetics ; Humans ; Surveys and Questionnaires
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-10-28
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Comment
ISSN	2352-3018
ISSN (online)	2352-3018
DOI	10.1016/S2352-3018(20)30272-1
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Article ; Online: Outcomes of COVID-19 Omicron variant in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a nationwide Greek cohort study.

Bournia, Vasiliki-Kalliopi / Fragoulis, George E / Mitrou, Panagiota / Mathioudakis, Konstantinos / Konstantonis, George / Tektonidou, Maria G / Tsolakidis, Anastasios / Paraskevis, Dimitrios / Sfikakis, Petros P

Rheumatology (Oxford, England)

2024 Volume 63, Issue 4, Page(s) 1130–1138

Abstract: Objectives: Patients with RA were at increased risk for COVID-19-associated hospitalization and death during the first year of the pandemic in Greece. We aimed to examine their outcomes after the SARS-Cov-2 Omicron, a more contagious but with milder ... ...

Abstract	Objectives: Patients with RA were at increased risk for COVID-19-associated hospitalization and death during the first year of the pandemic in Greece. We aimed to examine their outcomes after the SARS-Cov-2 Omicron, a more contagious but with milder clinical impacts variant, prevailed. Methods: A retrospective, nationwide study was conducted between 1 January 2022 and 30 June 2022 in all RA patients under treatment and matched (1:5) on age, sex and region of domicile random general population comparators. Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections, hospitalizations and deaths, anti-rheumatic medications, prior COVID-19, vaccinations and anti-viral medications were recorded. Results: Among 34 182 RA patients, infections (n = 5569, 16.29%), hospitalizations (n = 489, 1.43%) and deaths (n = 106, 0.31%) were more frequent than among comparators. Incidence rates per 1000 person/years of infection [IRR (95% CI):1.19 (1.16, 1.23)], hospitalization [IRR (95% CI):2.0 (1.82, 2.24)], and death [IRR (95% CI):1.81 (1.44, 2.27)] were increased in RA despite better vaccination coverage (89% vs 84%) and more frequent use of anti-viral medications (2.37% vs 1.08). Logistic regression analysis after correcting for age, sex, vaccinations, prior COVID-19, and anti-viral medications in SARS-CoV-2 infected RA patients and comparators revealed increased risk of hospitalization (OR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.79, 2.27) and death [OR: 1.73, (95% CI: 1.36, 2.20)] in RA. Among infected RA patients, rituximab treatment conferred increased risks for hospitalization [OR: 6.12, (95% CI: 2.89, 12.92)] and death [OR: 12.06 (95% CI: 3.90, 37.31)], while JAK inhibitors increased only hospitalization risk [OR: 2.18 (95% CI: 1.56, 3.06)]. Conclusion: RA remains a risk factor for hospitalization and death in an era of a relatively low COVID-19 fatality rate, pointing to the need of perseverance in vaccination programs and wider use of anti-viral medications.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; Cohort Studies ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Retrospective Studies ; Greece/epidemiology ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid/epidemiology ; Antiviral Agents ; Hospitalization
Chemical Substances	Antiviral Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1464822-2
ISSN	1462-0332 ; 1462-0324
ISSN (online)	1462-0332
ISSN	1462-0324
DOI	10.1093/rheumatology/kead354
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Article ; Online: Estimating the number of people who inject drugs using repeated respondent-driven sampling (RDS) in a community-based program: implications for the burden of hepatitis C and HIV infections and harm reduction coverage.

Roussos, Sotirios / Paraskevis, Dimitrios / Malliori, Meni / Hatzakis, Angelos / Sypsa, Vana

AIDS and behavior

2022 Volume 27, Issue 2, Page(s) 424–430

Abstract: Estimates of the population size of people who inject drugs (PWID) are essential for efficient program planning and for monitoring key targets. Existing estimates in Greece are based on the capture-recapture method applied to drug treatment sources. We ... ...

Abstract	Estimates of the population size of people who inject drugs (PWID) are essential for efficient program planning and for monitoring key targets. Existing estimates in Greece are based on the capture-recapture method applied to drug treatment sources. We aimed to obtain estimates based on data collected from a community-based program addressing PWID in Athens, Greece. The program was implemented in 2012-2013 to increase diagnosis and treatment for HIV among PWID during an HIV outbreak. Five Responden-Driven Sampling (RDS) rounds were used to recruit participants. A unique code was used to identify participants among rounds. Capture-recapture was applied to estimate the population size in 2013 (PWID with injection in the past 12 months; active PWID with injection in the past 30 days). Log-linear models were applied. In 2013, the estimated number of active PWID in Athens was 4,117 [95% confidence interval (CI): 3,728-4,507] (vs. 1,956 [95% CI: 1,525-2,565] the existing population size estimate). Based on this estimate, the coverage of needle and syringe programs in 2013 was 103 syringes/PWID/year (vs. 216 based on the existing estimate). The population prevalence of injecting drug use in Athens (past 12 months) was 0.222% (95% CI: 0.200-0.245). The inclusion of data from community-based programs in the estimation of the PWID population size resulted in 2.1-fold higher estimates, compared to the official estimates obtained from drug treatment data, and indicates the need for re-evaluation of necessary resources for harm reduction and elimination of HIV and hepatitis C in PWID.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; HIV Infections/epidemiology ; HIV Infections/prevention & control ; HIV Infections/diagnosis ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous/complications ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous/epidemiology ; Harm Reduction ; Drug Users ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Hepatitis C/epidemiology ; Hepatitis C/prevention & control ; Hepacivirus ; Prevalence
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-10
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1339885-4
ISSN	1573-3254 ; 1090-7165
ISSN (online)	1573-3254
ISSN	1090-7165
DOI	10.1007/s10461-022-03777-4
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Article: Hepatitis B Virus DNA Integration, Chronic Infections and Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Bousali, Maria / Papatheodoridis, George / Paraskevis, Dimitrios / Karamitros, Timokratis

Microorganisms

2021 Volume 9, Issue 8

Abstract: Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is an Old World virus with a high mutation rate, which puts its origins in Africa alongside the origins of Homo sapiens, and is a member of the Hepadnaviridae family that is characterized by a unique viral replication cycle. It ... ...

Abstract	Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is an Old World virus with a high mutation rate, which puts its origins in Africa alongside the origins of Homo sapiens, and is a member of the Hepadnaviridae family that is characterized by a unique viral replication cycle. It targets human hepatocytes and can lead to chronic HBV infection either after acute infection via horizontal transmission usually during infancy or childhood or via maternal-fetal transmission. HBV has been found in ~85% of HBV-related Hepatocellular Carcinomas (HCC), and it can integrate the whole or part of its genome into the host genomic DNA. The molecular mechanisms involved in the HBV DNA integration is not yet clear; thus, multiple models have been described with respect to either the relaxed-circular DNA (rcDNA) or the double-stranded linear DNA (dslDNA) of HBV. Various genes have been found to be affected by HBV DNA integration, including cell-proliferation-related genes, oncogenes and long non-coding RNA genes (lincRNAs). The present review summarizes the advances in the research of HBV DNA integration, focusing on the evolutionary and molecular side of the integration events along with the arising clinical aspects in the light of WHO's commitment to eliminate HBV and viral hepatitis by 2030.
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-23
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2720891-6
ISSN	2076-2607
ISSN	2076-2607
DOI	10.3390/microorganisms9081787
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