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Article ; Online: Review of the Accident Compensation Corporation's radiation therapy injury claims, 1 July 2009-30 June 2019.

Stones, Aubrey L / Herst, Patries M

2021 Volume 134, Issue 1543, Page(s) 113–122

Abstract: Aim: The aim of this study was to review and report on radiation therapy injury claims lodged with the Accident Compensation Corporation (ACC) in New Zealand in the last decade.: Methods: ACC's treatment injury database was used to identify injury ... ...

Abstract	Aim: The aim of this study was to review and report on radiation therapy injury claims lodged with the Accident Compensation Corporation (ACC) in New Zealand in the last decade. Methods: ACC's treatment injury database was used to identify injury claims decided between 1 July 2009 and 30 June 2019. The associated structured and unstructured data, including claim lodgement information and medical records, were reviewed. Results: Of 121,168 treatment injuries, only 975 (0.8%) were radiation therapy injury claims, with 519 claims accepted for cover. Most declined claims were considered "ordinary consequences of treatment" rather than treatment injuries. Of the 519 accepted claims, ACC classified 21 as fatal and eight as serious, which indicates a need for lifelong ACC support. Injuries correlated with the age and gender of the most common cancers treated with radiation therapy in New Zealand. More treatment injury claims were submitted and accepted for New Zealand European patients compared with Māori and Pasifika patients. Conclusion: Radiation therapy injury claims make up a very small proportion of the total number of ACC treatment injury claims. A better understanding of the claim process may assist injured individuals better by improving appropriate claim lodgement and claim acceptance rates.
MeSH term(s)	Accidental Injuries/economics ; Accidental Injuries/epidemiology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Compensation and Redress ; Cost of Illness ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Insurance Claim Reporting ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; New Zealand/epidemiology ; Oceanic Ancestry Group ; Radiation Injuries/economics ; Radiation Injuries/epidemiology ; Radiotherapy/adverse effects ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-10-08
Publishing country	New Zealand
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	390590-1
ISSN	1175-8716 ; 0028-8446 ; 0110-7704
ISSN (online)	1175-8716
ISSN	0028-8446 ; 0110-7704
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Article: Bioenergetic and Metabolic Adaptation in Tumor Progression and Metastasis.

Herst, Patries M / Carson, Georgia M / Eccles, David A / Berridge, Michael V

Frontiers in oncology

2022 Volume 12, Page(s) 857686

Abstract: The ability of cancer cells to adjust their metabolism in response to environmental changes is a well-recognized hallmark of cancer. Diverse cancer and non-cancer cells within tumors compete for metabolic resources. Metabolic demands change frequently ... ...

Abstract	The ability of cancer cells to adjust their metabolism in response to environmental changes is a well-recognized hallmark of cancer. Diverse cancer and non-cancer cells within tumors compete for metabolic resources. Metabolic demands change frequently during tumor initiation, progression and metastasis, challenging our quest to better understand tumor biology and develop novel therapeutics. Vascularization, physical constraints, immune responses and genetic instability promote tumor evolution resulting in immune evasion, opportunities to breach basement membrane barriers and spread through the circulation and lymphatics. In addition, the unfolded protein response linked to the ubiquitin proteasome system is a key player in addressing stoichiometric imbalances between nuclear and mitochondrially-encoded protein subunits of respiratory complexes, and nuclear-encoded mitochondrial ribosomal protein subunits. While progressive genetic changes, some of which affect metabolic adaptability, contribute to tumorigenesis and metastasis through clonal expansion, epigenetic changes are also important and more dynamic in nature. Understanding the role of stromal and immune cells in the tumor microenvironment in remodeling cancer cell energy metabolism has become an increasingly important area of research. In this perspective, we discuss the adaptations made by cancer cells to balance mitochondrial and glycolytic energy metabolism. We discuss how hypoxia and nutrient limitations affect reductive and oxidative stress through changes in mitochondrial electron transport activity. We propose that integrated responses to cellular stress in cancer cells are central to metabolic flexibility in general and bioenergetic adaptability in particular and are paramount in tumor progression and metastasis.
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-17
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2649216-7
ISSN	2234-943X
ISSN	2234-943X
DOI	10.3389/fonc.2022.857686
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Article: Protecting the radiation-damaged skin from friction: a mini review.

Herst, Patries M

Journal of medical radiation sciences

2014 Volume 61, Issue 2, Page(s) 119–125

Abstract: Radiation-induced skin reactions are an unavoidable side effect of external beam radiation therapy, particularly in areas prone to friction and excess moisture such as the axilla, head and neck region, perineum and skin folds. Clinical studies ... ...

Abstract	Radiation-induced skin reactions are an unavoidable side effect of external beam radiation therapy, particularly in areas prone to friction and excess moisture such as the axilla, head and neck region, perineum and skin folds. Clinical studies investigating interventions for preventing or managing these reactions have largely focussed on formulations with moisturising, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and wound healing properties. However, none of these interventions has emerged as a consistent candidate for best practice. Much less emphasis has been placed on evaluating ways to protect the radiation-damaged skin from friction and excess moisture. This mini review analyses the clinical evidence for barrier products that form a protective layer by adhering very closely to the skin folds and do not cause further trauma to the radiation-damaged skin upon removal. A database search identified only two types of barrier products that fitted these criteria and these were tested in two case series and six controlled clinical trials. Friction protection was most effective when the interventions were used from the start of treatment and continued for several weeks after completion of treatment. Soft silicone dressings (Mepilex Lite and Mepitel Film) and Cavilon No Sting Barrier Film, but not Cavilon Moisturizing Barrier Cream, decreased skin reaction severity, most likely due to differences in formulation and skin build-up properties. It seems that prophylactic use of friction protection of areas at risk could be a worthwhile addition to routine care of radiation-damaged skin.
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-06
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2734841-6
ISSN	2051-3909 ; 2051-3895
ISSN (online)	2051-3909
ISSN	2051-3895
DOI	10.1002/jmrs.46
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Article: Intercellular Communication in Tumor Biology: A Role for Mitochondrial Transfer.

Herst, Patries M / Dawson, Rebecca H / Berridge, Michael V

Frontiers in oncology

2018 Volume 8, Page(s) 344

Abstract: Intercellular communication between cancer cells and other cells in the tumor microenvironment plays a defining role in tumor development. Tumors contain infiltrates of stromal cells and immune cells that can either promote or inhibit tumor growth, ... ...

Abstract	Intercellular communication between cancer cells and other cells in the tumor microenvironment plays a defining role in tumor development. Tumors contain infiltrates of stromal cells and immune cells that can either promote or inhibit tumor growth, depending on the cytokine/chemokine milieu of the tumor microenvironment and their effect on cell activation status. Recent research has shown that stromal cells can also affect tumor growth through the donation of mitochondria to respiration-deficient tumor cells, restoring normal respiration. Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA mutations affecting mitochondrial respiration lead to some level of respiratory incompetence, forcing cells to generate more energy by glycolysis. Highly glycolytic cancer cells tend to be very aggressive and invasive with poor patient prognosis. However, purely glycolytic cancer cells devoid of mitochondrial DNA cannot form tumors unless they acquire mitochondrial DNA from adjacent cells. This perspective article will address this apparent conundrum of highly glycolytic cells and cover aspects of intercellular communication between tumor cells and cells of the microenvironment with particular emphasis on intercellular mitochondrial transfer.
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-08-28
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2649216-7
ISSN	2234-943X
ISSN	2234-943X
DOI	10.3389/fonc.2018.00344
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Article ; Online: Polyphenol and glucosinolate-derived AhR modulators regulate GPR15 expression on human CD4+ T cells.

Tang, Jeffry S / Stephens, Ruth / Li, Yanyan / Cait, Alissa / Gell, Katie / Faulkner, Sophie / Grooby, Alix / Herst, Patries M / O'Sullivan, David / Gasser, Olivier

The Journal of nutritional biochemistry

2023 Volume 122, Page(s) 109456

Abstract: Diets high in fruit and vegetables are perceived to be beneficial for intestinal homeostasis, in health as well as in the context of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Recent breakthroughs in the field of immunology have highlighted the importance of ... ...

Abstract	Diets high in fruit and vegetables are perceived to be beneficial for intestinal homeostasis, in health as well as in the context of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Recent breakthroughs in the field of immunology have highlighted the importance of the ligand-activated transcription factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) as a critical regulator of mucosal immunity, including the intestinal trafficking of CD4+ helper T cells, an immune cell subset implicated in a wide range of homeostatic and pathogenic processes. Specifically, the AhR has been shown to directly regulate the expression of the chemoattractant receptor G Protein-Coupled Receptor 15 (GPR15) on CD4+ T cells. GPR15 is an important gut homing marker whose expression on CD4+ T cells in the peripheral circulation is elevated in patients suffering from ulcerative colitis, raising the possibility that, in this setting, the beneficial effect of a diet rich in fruits and vegetables may be mediated through the modulation of GPR15 expression. To address this, we screened physiologically-relevant polyphenol and glucosinolate metabolites for their ability to affect both AhR activity and GPR15 expression. Our complementary approach and associated findings suggest that polyphenol and glucosinolate metabolites can regulate GPR15 expression on human CD4+ T cells in an AhR-dependent manner.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism ; Glucosinolates/pharmacology ; Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism ; Colitis, Ulcerative ; Receptors, Peptide
Chemical Substances	Glucosinolates ; Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled ; GPR15 protein, human ; Receptors, Peptide
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1014929-6
ISSN	1873-4847 ; 0955-2863
ISSN (online)	1873-4847
ISSN	0955-2863
DOI	10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109456
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Article ; Online: Review of the patient positioning reproducibility in head-and-neck radiotherapy using Statistical Process Control.

Moore, Sarah J / Herst, Patries M / Louwe, Robert J W

Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology

2018 Volume 127, Issue 2, Page(s) 183–189

Abstract: Background and purpose: A remarkable improvement in patient positioning was observed after the implementation of various process changes aiming to increase the consistency of patient positioning throughout the radiotherapy treatment chain. However, no ... ...

Abstract	Background and purpose: A remarkable improvement in patient positioning was observed after the implementation of various process changes aiming to increase the consistency of patient positioning throughout the radiotherapy treatment chain. However, no tool was available to describe these changes over time in a standardised way. This study reports on the feasibility of Statistical Process Control (SPC) to highlight changes in patient positioning accuracy and facilitate correlation of these changes with the underlying process changes. Materials and methods: Metrics were designed to quantify the systematic and random patient deformation as input for the SPC charts. These metrics were based on data obtained from multiple local ROI matches for 191 patients who were treated for head-and-neck cancer during the period 2011-2016. Results: SPC highlighted a significant improvement in patient positioning that coincided with multiple intentional process changes. The observed improvements could be described as a combination of a reduction in outliers and a systematic improvement in the patient positioning accuracy of all patients. Conclusion: SPC is able to track changes in the reproducibility of patient positioning in head-and-neck radiation oncology, and distinguish between systematic and random process changes. Identification of process changes underlying these trends requires additional statistical analysis and seems only possible when the changes do not overlap in time.
MeSH term(s)	Head/radiation effects ; Head and Neck Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; Humans ; Neck/radiation effects ; Patient Positioning/methods ; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted ; Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated ; Reproducibility of Results ; Statistics as Topic
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-01-31
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	605646-5
ISSN	1879-0887 ; 0167-8140
ISSN (online)	1879-0887
ISSN	0167-8140
DOI	10.1016/j.radonc.2018.01.006
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Zs.A 1926: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Practical Approach To Explore the Effects of Polyphenols on Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Regulated Immune Function.

Tang, Jeffry S / Cait, Alissa / Li, Yanyan / Abolins-Thompson, Helena / Gell, Katie / Herst, Patries M / O'Sullivan, David / Gasser, Olivier

Journal of agricultural and food chemistry

2021 Volume 69, Issue 31, Page(s) 8625–8633

Abstract: The ligand-activated aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is an important molecular regulator of immune function, whose activity can be modulated by dietary glucosinolate- and tryptophan-derived metabolites. In contrast, the potential use of polyphenols as ... ...

Abstract	The ligand-activated aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is an important molecular regulator of immune function, whose activity can be modulated by dietary glucosinolate- and tryptophan-derived metabolites. In contrast, the potential use of polyphenols as dietary regulators of AhR-dependent immunity remains unclear. In this perspective, we discuss how cellular metabolism may alter the net effect of polyphenols on AhR, thus potentially reconciling some of the conflicting observations reported in the literature. We further provide a methodological roadmap, across the fields of immunology, metabolomics, and gut microbial ecology, to explore the potential effects of polyphenol-rich diets on AhR-regulated immune function in humans.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Immunity ; Ligands ; Polyphenols/pharmacology ; Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/genetics ; Tryptophan
Chemical Substances	Ligands ; Polyphenols ; Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon ; Tryptophan (8DUH1N11BX)
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-08-02
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	241619-0
ISSN	1520-5118 ; 0021-8561
ISSN (online)	1520-5118
ISSN	0021-8561
DOI	10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02095
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Zs.A 1172: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Cranberry capsules are not superior to placebo capsules in managing acute non-haemorrhagic radiation cystitis in prostate cancer patients: A phase III double blinded randomised placebo controlled clinical trial.

Herst, Patries M / Aumata, Andre / Sword, Vanessa / Jones, Rowan / Purdie, Gordon / Costello, Shaun

Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology

2020 Volume 149, Page(s) 117–123

Abstract: Purpose: Acute radiation cystitis affects the quality of life of many prostate cancer patients. A previous pilot study suggested that cranberry capsules may decrease some of the symptoms of acute radiation cystitis. Here we further test their ... ...

Abstract	Purpose: Acute radiation cystitis affects the quality of life of many prostate cancer patients. A previous pilot study suggested that cranberry capsules may decrease some of the symptoms of acute radiation cystitis. Here we further test their effectiveness in a multicentre double blinded placebo-controlled clinical trial. Material and methods: A total of 108 prostate cancer patients were recruited at three New Zealand hospitals between September 2016 and January 2019. Out of this cohort, 101 patients provided datasets for analysis (51 men on cranberry capsules and 50 men on beetroot-containing placebo capsules). Patients took two capsules each morning during RT and for 2 weeks after completion of RT. Three measures were used to assess cystitis severity: modified RTOG, O'Leary interstitial cystitis scale and a sensitive novel radiation induced cystitis assessment scale (RICAS). Cystitis severity was scored at baseline and weekly thereafter during RT and for two weeks after completion of RT. Radiation protocols were stratified to conventional fractionation or hypo-fractionated radiation therapy (CHHiP) to the prostate or radiation to the prostate bed. Results: Cranberry capsules performed significantly worse than placebo capsules with respect to day time frequency and bladder control, using the more sensitive RICAS scale. No significant difference in cystitis severity was seen between patients receiving hypofractionation and those receiving conventional fractionation to the prostate gland. Conclusion: Cranberry capsules were not superior to beetroot-containing placebo capsules in managing radiation cystitis in our prostate patient cohort. RICAS may be a useful tool for measuring radiation cystitis in future studies.
MeSH term(s)	Capsules ; Cystitis/etiology ; Double-Blind Method ; Humans ; Male ; New Zealand ; Pilot Projects ; Prostatic Neoplasms/radiotherapy ; Quality of Life ; Radiation Injuries/therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Vaccinium macrocarpon
Chemical Substances	Capsules
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-05-13
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Clinical Trial, Phase III ; Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	605646-5
ISSN	1879-0887 ; 0167-8140
ISSN (online)	1879-0887
ISSN	0167-8140
DOI	10.1016/j.radonc.2020.05.006
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Article: Mitochondrial DNA Affects the Expression of Nuclear Genes Involved in Immune and Stress Responses in a Breast Cancer Model.

Grasso, Carole / Eccles, David A / Boukalova, Stepana / Fabre, Marie-Sophie / Dawson, Rebecca H / Neuzil, Jiri / Herst, Patries M / Berridge, Michael V

Frontiers in physiology

2020 Volume 11, Page(s) 543962

Abstract: Tumor cells without mitochondrial (mt) DNA ( ... ...

Abstract	Tumor cells without mitochondrial (mt) DNA (ρ
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-11-24
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2564217-0
ISSN	1664-042X
ISSN	1664-042X
DOI	10.3389/fphys.2020.543962
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Article: Functional Mitochondria in Health and Disease.

Herst, Patries M / Rowe, Matthew R / Carson, Georgia M / Berridge, Michael V

Frontiers in endocrinology

2017 Volume 8, Page(s) 296

Abstract: The ability to rapidly adapt cellular bioenergetic capabilities to meet rapidly changing environmental conditions is mandatory for normal cellular function and for cancer progression. Any loss of this adaptive response has the potential to compromise ... ...

Abstract	The ability to rapidly adapt cellular bioenergetic capabilities to meet rapidly changing environmental conditions is mandatory for normal cellular function and for cancer progression. Any loss of this adaptive response has the potential to compromise cellular function and render the cell more susceptible to external stressors such as oxidative stress, radiation, chemotherapeutic drugs, and hypoxia. Mitochondria play a vital role in bioenergetic and biosynthetic pathways and can rapidly adjust to meet the metabolic needs of the cell. Increased demand is met by mitochondrial biogenesis and fusion of individual mitochondria into dynamic networks, whereas a decrease in demand results in the removal of superfluous mitochondria through fission and mitophagy. Effective communication between nucleus and mitochondria (mito-nuclear cross talk), involving the generation of different mitochondrial stress signals as well as the nuclear stress response pathways to deal with these stressors, maintains bioenergetic homeostasis under most conditions. However, when mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations accumulate and mito-nuclear cross talk falters, mitochondria fail to deliver critical functional outputs. Mutations in mtDNA have been implicated in neuromuscular and neurodegenerative mitochondriopathies and complex diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, skin disorders, aging, and cancer. In some cases, drastic measures such as acquisition of new mitochondria from donor cells occurs to ensure cell survival. This review starts with a brief discussion of the evolutionary origin of mitochondria and summarizes how mutations in mtDNA lead to mitochondriopathies and other degenerative diseases. Mito-nuclear cross talk, including various stress signals generated by mitochondria and corresponding stress response pathways activated by the nucleus are summarized. We also introduce and discuss a small family of recently discovered hormone-like mitopeptides that modulate body metabolism. Under conditions of severe mitochondrial stress, mitochondria have been shown to traffic between cells, replacing mitochondria in cells with damaged and malfunctional mtDNA. Understanding the processes involved in cellular bioenergetics and metabolic adaptation has the potential to generate new knowledge that will lead to improved treatment of many of the metabolic, degenerative, and age-related inflammatory diseases that characterize modern societies.
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-11-03
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2592084-4
ISSN	1664-2392
ISSN	1664-2392
DOI	10.3389/fendo.2017.00296
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