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Article ; Online: Considering alternatives to the schizophrenia construct.

Gur, Raquel E

2022 Volume 242, Page(s) 49–51

MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Schizophrenia/therapy ; Schizophrenic Psychology
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-13
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	639422-x
ISSN	1573-2509 ; 0920-9964
ISSN (online)	1573-2509
ISSN	0920-9964
DOI	10.1016/j.schres.2021.12.027
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Article ; Online: Omega-3 Supplementation Reduces Schizotypal Personality in Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Raine, Adrian / Gur, Ruben C / Gur, Raquel E / Richmond, Therese S / Hibbeln, Joseph / Liu, Jianghong

Schizophrenia bulletin

2024

Abstract: Background and hypothesis: Based on a childhood intervention from ages 3 to 5 years that included additional fish consumption and which resulted in reduced schizotypal personality at age 23, we had previously hypothesized that omega-3 could reduce ... ...

Abstract	Background and hypothesis: Based on a childhood intervention from ages 3 to 5 years that included additional fish consumption and which resulted in reduced schizotypal personality at age 23, we had previously hypothesized that omega-3 could reduce schizotypy. The current study tests the hypothesis that omega-3 supplementation reduces schizotypy in children. Study design: In this intention-to-treat, randomized, single-blind, stratified, factorial trial, a community sample of 290 children aged 11-12 years were randomized into Omega-3 Only, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Only, Omega-3 + CBT, and Control groups. Schizotypy was assessed using the SPQ-C (Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire for Children) at 0 months (baseline), 3 months (end of treatment), 6 months (3 months post-treatment), and 12 months (9 months post-treatment). Study results: A significant group × time interaction (P = .013) indicated that, compared with Controls, total schizotypy scores were reduced in both Omega-3 Only and Omega-3 + CBT groups immediately post-treatment (d = 0.56 and 0.47, respectively), and also 3 months after supplementation terminated (d = 0.49, d = 0.70). Stronger findings were observed for the interpersonal schizotypy factor, with both omega-3 groups showing reductions 9 months post-treatment compared with the CBT Only group. Schizotypy reductions were significantly stronger for those with higher dietary intake of omega-3 at intake. Sensitivity analyses confirmed findings. Conclusions: Results are unique in the field and suggest that omega-3 can help reduce schizotypal personality in community-residing children. From an epidemiological standpoint, if replicated and extended, these findings could have implications for early prevention of more significant schizotypal features developing later in adolescence. Clinical trial registration: "Healthy Brains & Behavior: Understanding and Treating Youth Aggression (HBB)." ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00842439, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00842439.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-01
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	439173-1
ISSN	1745-1701 ; 0586-7614
ISSN (online)	1745-1701
ISSN	0586-7614
DOI	10.1093/schbul/sbae009
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Article ; Online: Functional MRI Predicting Intervention Outcome in Early Psychosis.

Gur, Raquel E / Gur, Ruben C

The American journal of psychiatry

2019 Volume 176, Issue 10, Page(s) 780–782

MeSH term(s)	Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Psychotic Disorders
Language	English
Publishing date	2019-09-28
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Editorial ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Comment
ZDB-ID	280045-7
ISSN	1535-7228 ; 0002-953X
ISSN (online)	1535-7228
ISSN	0002-953X
DOI	10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.19080807
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Article ; Online: Effect of child abuse and neglect on schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders.

Chaiyachati, Barbara H / Gur, Raquel E

Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior

2021 Volume 206, Page(s) 173195

Abstract: Childhood experiences impact long-term physical and behavioral health outcomes including potential risk for schizophrenia and psychosis. Negative experiences, such as child abuse and neglect, have been specifically associated with risk for schizophrenia ... ...

Abstract	Childhood experiences impact long-term physical and behavioral health outcomes including potential risk for schizophrenia and psychosis. Negative experiences, such as child abuse and neglect, have been specifically associated with risk for schizophrenia and psychosis. This review provides a brief overview of child abuse and neglect, including its position within the larger field of trauma and adversity and its long term consequences. The link to schizophrenia is then explored. Principles of treatment and outcomes for schizophrenia with antecedent child abuse and neglect are then reviewed. Finally, next steps and points of prevention are highlighted.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Adverse Childhood Experiences ; Child ; Child Abuse ; Environment ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Psychotic Disorders/epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Schizophrenia/epidemiology ; Schizophrenia/therapy ; Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Review
ZDB-ID	191042-5
ISSN	1873-5177 ; 0091-3057
ISSN (online)	1873-5177
ISSN	0091-3057
DOI	10.1016/j.pbb.2021.173195
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Zs.A 1060: Show issues

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Article: Neurodevelopmental Genomic Strategies in the Study of the Psychosis Spectrum.

Gur, Raquel E

Nebraska Symposium on Motivation. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation

2016 Volume 63, Page(s) 5–30

MeSH term(s)	22q11 Deletion Syndrome/genetics ; 22q11 Deletion Syndrome/physiopathology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Female ; Genomics ; Human Development/physiology ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Psychotic Disorders/genetics ; Psychotic Disorders/physiopathology ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2016-09-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ISSN	0146-7875
ISSN	0146-7875
DOI	10.1007/978-3-319-30596-7_2
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Article: Distinct Neurocognitive Profiles and Clinical Phenotypes Associated with Copy Number Variation at the 22q11.2 Locus.

O'Hora, Kathleen P / Kushan-Wells, Leila / Hoftman, Gil D / Jalbrzikowski, Maria / Gur, Raquel C / Gur, Ruben / Bearden, Carrie E

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences

2023

Abstract: Rare genetic variants that confer large effects on neurodevelopment and behavioral phenotypes can reveal novel gene-brain-behavior relationships relevant to autism. Copy number variation at the 22q11.2 locus offer one compelling example, as both the ... ...

Abstract	Rare genetic variants that confer large effects on neurodevelopment and behavioral phenotypes can reveal novel gene-brain-behavior relationships relevant to autism. Copy number variation at the 22q11.2 locus offer one compelling example, as both the 22q11.2 deletion (22qDel) and duplication (22qDup) confer increased likelihood of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and cognitive deficits, but only 22qDel confers increased psychosis risk. Here, we used the Penn Computerized Neurocognitive Battery (Penn-CNB) to characterized neurocognitive profiles of 126 individuals: 55 22qDel carriers (M
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-05-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2023.05.12.23289905
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Article ; Online: Securing direct stakeholder feedback to inform clinical research in serious mental illness: Results of a patient and family perspectives survey.

Stafford, Elizabeth / Jakob, Susanne / Gur, Raquel E / Corcoran, Cheryl Mary / Bearden, Carrie E

Psychiatry research

2023 Volume 330, Page(s) 115574

Abstract: Mental illness research routinely includes unfamiliar or potentially frightening procedures like lumbar puncture (LP), contributing to low enrollment and retention. Previous studies related to LP acceptance have focused on older individuals, and little ... ...

Abstract	Mental illness research routinely includes unfamiliar or potentially frightening procedures like lumbar puncture (LP), contributing to low enrollment and retention. Previous studies related to LP acceptance have focused on older individuals, and little information on participant preferences for educational materials is available. We developed an online survey assessing existing knowledge, comfort and concerns, and preferences for educational materials in the context of our clinical study on schizophrenia spectrum conditions (SSCs). We found that participants were generally knowledgeable and interested in engaging with clinical SSC research. Frequency of engagement with research publications differed significantly by participant groups and age. Comfort levels were consistently highest for study procedures other than LP, though surprisingly the average number of informational needs per procedure was not significantly different for LP compared to other procedures. Preferences for format and source of educational materials varied across participant groups and age. Our results suggest that younger individuals with an SSC diagnosis are likely to have limited exposure to information, and proactively providing accessible and accurate educational materials may improve positive perceptions of LP. Providing content in a range of formats and sources will ensure that participants and their support networks have access to their preferred resources.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Feedback ; Mental Disorders/therapy ; Schizophrenia/therapy ; Patients
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-10-29
Publishing country	Ireland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	445361-x
ISSN	1872-7123 ; 1872-7506 ; 0925-4927 ; 0165-1781
ISSN (online)	1872-7123 ; 1872-7506
ISSN	0925-4927 ; 0165-1781
DOI	10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115574
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Zs.A 1541: Show issues

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Article ; Online: Hoarding behavior and its association with mental health and functioning in a large youth sample.

Linkovski, Omer / Moore, Tyler M / Argabright, Stirling T / Calkins, Monica E / Gur, Ruben C / Gur, Raquel E / Barzilay, Ran

European child & adolescent psychiatry

2023

Abstract: ... for OCS presence, hoarding behavior was associated with greater dimensional psychopathology burden (i.e ... higher P-factor) (β = 0.19, p < .001), and with poorer functioning (i.e., lower score on the child global ...

Abstract	Hoarding behavior is prevalent in children and adolescents, yet clinicians do not routinely inquire about it and youth may not spontaneously report it due to stigma. It is unknown whether hoarding behavior, over and above obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS), is associated with major clinical factors in a general youth population. This observational study included N = 7054 youth who were not seeking help for mental health problems (ages 11-21, 54% female) and completed a structured interview that included evaluation of hoarding behavior and OCS, as a part of the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort between November 2009 and December 2011. We employed regression models with hoarding behavior and OCS (any/none) as independent variables, and continuous (linear regression) or binary (logistic regression) mental health measures as dependent variables. All models covaried for age, sex, race, and socioeconomic status. A total of 374 participants endorsed HB (5.3%), most of which reported additional OCS (n = 317). When accounting for OCS presence, hoarding behavior was associated with greater dimensional psychopathology burden (i.e., higher P-factor) (β = 0.19, p < .001), and with poorer functioning (i.e., lower score on the child global assessment scale) (β = - 0.07, p < .001). The results were consistent when modeling psychopathology using binary variables. The results remained significant in sensitivity analyses accounting for count of endorsed OCS and excluding participants who met criteria for obsessive-compulsive disorder (n = 210). These results suggest that hoarding behavior among youth is associated with poorer mental health and functioning, independent of OCS. Brief hoarding-behavior assessments in clinical settings may prove useful given hoarding behavior's stigma and detrimental health associations.
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-20
Publishing country	Germany
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	1118299-4
ISSN	1435-165X ; 1018-8827 ; 1433-5719
ISSN (online)	1435-165X
ISSN	1018-8827 ; 1433-5719
DOI	10.1007/s00787-023-02296-4
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Article ; Online: Psychosis superspectrum I: Nosology, etiology, and lifespan development.

Jonas, Katherine G / Cannon, Tyrone D / Docherty, Anna R / Dwyer, Dominic / Gur, Ruben C / Gur, Raquel E / Nelson, Barnaby / Reininghaus, Ulrich / Kotov, Roman

Molecular psychiatry

2024

Abstract: This review describes the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) model of psychosis-related psychopathology, the psychosis superspectrum. The HiTOP psychosis superspectrum was developed to address shortcomings of traditional diagnoses for ... ...

Abstract	This review describes the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) model of psychosis-related psychopathology, the psychosis superspectrum. The HiTOP psychosis superspectrum was developed to address shortcomings of traditional diagnoses for psychotic disorders and related conditions including low reliability, arbitrary boundaries between psychopathology and normality, high symptom co-occurrence, and heterogeneity within diagnostic categories. The psychosis superspectrum is a transdiagnostic dimensional model comprising two spectra-psychoticism and detachment-which are in turn broken down into fourteen narrow components, and two auxiliary domains-cognition and functional impairment. The structure of the spectra and their components are shown to parallel the genetic structure of psychosis and related traits. Psychoticism and detachment have distinct patterns of association with urbanicity, migrant and ethnic minority status, childhood adversity, and cannabis use. The superspectrum also provides a useful model for describing the emergence and course of psychosis, as components of the superspectrum are relatively stable over time. Changes in psychoticism predict the onset of psychosis-related psychopathology, whereas changes in detachment and cognition define later course. Implications of the superspectrum for genetic, socio-environmental, and longitudinal research are discussed. A companion review focuses on neurobiology, treatment response, and clinical utility of the superspectrum, and future research directions.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-01-10
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1330655-8
ISSN	1476-5578 ; 1359-4184
ISSN (online)	1476-5578
ISSN	1359-4184
DOI	10.1038/s41380-023-02388-2
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Article: Regression and Alignment for Functional Data and Network Topology.

Tu, Danni / Wrobel, Julia / Satterthwaite, Theodore D / Goldsmith, Jeff / Gur, Ruben C / Gur, Raquel E / Gertheiss, Jan / Bassett, Dani S / Shinohara, Russell T

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

2024

Abstract: In the brain, functional connections form a network whose topological organization can be described by graph-theoretic network diagnostics. These include characterizations of the community structure, such as modularity and participation coefficient, ... ...

Abstract	In the brain, functional connections form a network whose topological organization can be described by graph-theoretic network diagnostics. These include characterizations of the community structure, such as modularity and participation coefficient, which have been shown to change over the course of childhood and adolescence. To investigate if such changes in the functional network are associated with changes in cognitive performance during development, network studies often rely on an arbitrary choice of pre-processing parameters, in particular the proportional threshold of network edges. Because the choice of parameter can impact the value of the network diagnostic, and therefore downstream conclusions, we propose to circumvent that choice by conceptualizing the network diagnostic as a function of the parameter. As opposed to a single value, a network diagnostic curve describes the connectome topology at multiple scales-from the sparsest group of the strongest edges to the entire edge set. To relate these curves to executive function and other covariates, we use scalar-on-function regression, which is more flexible than previous functional data-based models used in network neuroscience. We then consider how systematic differences between networks can manifest in misalignment of diagnostic curves, and consequently propose a supervised curve alignment method that incorporates auxiliary information from other variables. Our algorithm performs both functional regression and alignment via an iterative, penalized, and nonlinear likelihood optimization. The illustrated method has the potential to improve the interpretability and generalizability of neuroscience studies where the goal is to study heterogeneity among a mixture of function- and scalar-valued measures.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-18
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Preprint
DOI	10.1101/2023.07.13.548836
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