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  1. Article ; Online: Oesophageal cancer: RNA editing of SLC22A3 mRNAs: causative relevance to familial ESCC?

    Nishikura, Kazuko

    Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology

    2017  Volume 14, Issue 10, Page(s) 569–570

    MeSH term(s) Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; Humans ; RNA Editing ; RNA, Messenger
    Chemical Substances RNA, Messenger
    Language English
    Publishing date 2017-07-26
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Comment
    ZDB-ID 2493722-8
    ISSN 1759-5053 ; 1759-5045
    ISSN (online) 1759-5053
    ISSN 1759-5045
    DOI 10.1038/nrgastro.2017.102
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  2. Article ; Online: A-to-I editing of coding and non-coding RNAs by ADARs.

    Nishikura, Kazuko

    Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology

    2016  Volume 17, Issue 2, Page(s) 83–96

    Abstract: Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) convert adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA. This A-to-I editing occurs not only in protein-coding regions of mRNAs, but also frequently in non-coding regions that contain inverted Alu repeats. Editing ... ...

    Abstract Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) convert adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA. This A-to-I editing occurs not only in protein-coding regions of mRNAs, but also frequently in non-coding regions that contain inverted Alu repeats. Editing of coding sequences can result in the expression of functionally altered proteins that are not encoded in the genome, whereas the significance of Alu editing remains largely unknown. Certain microRNA (miRNA) precursors are also edited, leading to reduced expression or altered function of mature miRNAs. Conversely, recent studies indicate that ADAR1 forms a complex with Dicer to promote miRNA processing, revealing a new function of ADAR1 in the regulation of RNA interference.
    MeSH term(s) Adenosine/metabolism ; Adenosine Deaminase/genetics ; Adenosine Deaminase/metabolism ; Alu Elements ; Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics ; Caenorhabditis elegans/metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/genetics ; Drosophila melanogaster/metabolism ; Genome ; Humans ; Inosine/metabolism ; Isoenzymes/genetics ; Isoenzymes/metabolism ; MicroRNAs/genetics ; MicroRNAs/metabolism ; RNA Editing ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Ribonuclease III/genetics ; Ribonuclease III/metabolism ; Signal Transduction
    Chemical Substances Isoenzymes ; MicroRNAs ; RNA, Messenger ; Inosine (5A614L51CT) ; Ribonuclease III (EC 3.1.26.3) ; Adenosine Deaminase (EC 3.5.4.4) ; Adenosine (K72T3FS567)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2016-02
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2031313-5
    ISSN 1471-0080 ; 1471-0072
    ISSN (online) 1471-0080
    ISSN 1471-0072
    DOI 10.1038/nrm.2015.4
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  3. Article ; Online: The role of RNA editing enzyme ADAR1 in human disease.

    Song, Brian / Shiromoto, Yusuke / Minakuchi, Moeko / Nishikura, Kazuko

    Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. RNA

    2021  Volume 13, Issue 1, Page(s) e1665

    Abstract: Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) catalyzes the posttranscriptional conversion of adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), which can lead to the creation of missense mutations in coding sequences. Recent studies show that editing- ... ...

    Abstract Adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) catalyzes the posttranscriptional conversion of adenosine to inosine in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), which can lead to the creation of missense mutations in coding sequences. Recent studies show that editing-dependent functions of ADAR1 protect dsRNA from dsRNA-sensing molecules and inhibit innate immunity and the interferon-mediated response. Deficiency in these ADAR1 functions underlie the pathogenesis of autoinflammatory diseases such as the type I interferonopathies Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome and dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria. ADAR1-mediated editing of endogenous coding and noncoding RNA as well as ADAR1 editing-independent interactions with DICER can also have oncogenic or tumor suppressive effects that affect tumor proliferation, invasion, and response to immunotherapy. The combination of proviral and antiviral roles played by ADAR1 in repressing the interferon response and editing viral RNAs alters viral morphogenesis and cell susceptibility to infection. This review analyzes the structure and function of ADAR1 with a focus on its position in human disease pathways and the mechanisms of its disease-associated effects. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease RNA Processing > RNA Editing and Modification RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Interactions: Functional Implications.
    MeSH term(s) Adenosine Deaminase/genetics ; Adenosine Deaminase/metabolism ; Autoimmune Diseases of the Nervous System/genetics ; Humans ; Inosine ; Nervous System Malformations ; RNA Editing ; RNA, Double-Stranded/genetics ; RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ; RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism
    Chemical Substances RNA, Double-Stranded ; RNA-Binding Proteins ; Inosine (5A614L51CT) ; ADAR protein, human (EC 3.5.4.37) ; Adenosine Deaminase (EC 3.5.4.4)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-06-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2634714-3
    ISSN 1757-7012 ; 1757-7004
    ISSN (online) 1757-7012
    ISSN 1757-7004
    DOI 10.1002/wrna.1665
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  4. Article ; Online: ADAR1 RNA editing enzyme regulates R-loop formation and genome stability at telomeres in cancer cells.

    Shiromoto, Yusuke / Sakurai, Masayuki / Minakuchi, Moeko / Ariyoshi, Kentaro / Nishikura, Kazuko

    Nature communications

    2021  Volume 12, Issue 1, Page(s) 1654

    Abstract: ADAR1 is involved in adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing. The cytoplasmic ADAR1p150 edits 3'UTR double-stranded RNAs and thereby suppresses induction of interferons. Loss of this ADAR1p150 function underlies the embryonic lethality of Adar1 null mice, ... ...

    Abstract ADAR1 is involved in adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing. The cytoplasmic ADAR1p150 edits 3'UTR double-stranded RNAs and thereby suppresses induction of interferons. Loss of this ADAR1p150 function underlies the embryonic lethality of Adar1 null mice, pathogenesis of the severe autoimmune disease Aicardi-Goutières syndrome, and the resistance developed in cancers to immune checkpoint blockade. In contrast, the biological functions of the nuclear-localized ADAR1p110 remain largely unknown. Here, we report that ADAR1p110 regulates R-loop formation and genome stability at telomeres in cancer cells carrying non-canonical variants of telomeric repeats. ADAR1p110 edits the A-C mismatches within RNA:DNA hybrids formed between canonical and non-canonical variant repeats. Editing of A-C mismatches to I:C matched pairs facilitates resolution of telomeric R-loops by RNase H2. This ADAR1p110-dependent control of telomeric R-loops is required for continued proliferation of telomerase-reactivated cancer cells, revealing the pro-oncogenic nature of ADAR1p110 and identifying ADAR1 as a promising therapeutic target of telomerase positive cancers.
    MeSH term(s) Adenosine Deaminase/genetics ; Adenosine Deaminase/metabolism ; Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; DNA ; DNA Damage ; Genomic Instability ; Genomics ; HEK293 Cells ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Mice ; Neoplasms/genetics ; Neoplasms/metabolism ; R-Loop Structures ; RNA Editing ; RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ; RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Telomere/metabolism ; Transcriptome
    Chemical Substances RNA-Binding Proteins ; DNA (9007-49-2) ; ADAR protein, human (EC 3.5.4.37) ; ADAR1 protein, mouse (EC 3.5.4.4) ; Adenosine Deaminase (EC 3.5.4.4)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 2553671-0
    ISSN 2041-1723 ; 2041-1723
    ISSN (online) 2041-1723
    ISSN 2041-1723
    DOI 10.1038/s41467-021-21921-x
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  5. Article ; Online: ADAR1 RNA editing enzyme regulates R-loop formation and genome stability at telomeres in cancer cells

    Yusuke Shiromoto / Masayuki Sakurai / Moeko Minakuchi / Kentaro Ariyoshi / Kazuko Nishikura

    Nature Communications, Vol 12, Iss 1, Pp 1-

    2021  Volume 18

    Abstract: One type of RNA editing involves ADAR-mediated conversion of adenosine to inosine. Here the authors show that ADAR1 nuclear isoform p110 regulates R loop formation and genome stability at telomeres in cancer cells. ...

    Abstract One type of RNA editing involves ADAR-mediated conversion of adenosine to inosine. Here the authors show that ADAR1 nuclear isoform p110 regulates R loop formation and genome stability at telomeres in cancer cells.
    Keywords Science ; Q
    Language English
    Publishing date 2021-03-01T00:00:00Z
    Publisher Nature Portfolio
    Document type Article ; Online
    Database BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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  6. Article ; Online: Functions and regulation of RNA editing by ADAR deaminases.

    Nishikura, Kazuko

    Annual review of biochemistry

    2010  Volume 79, Page(s) 321–349

    Abstract: One type of RNA editing converts adenosines to inosines (A-->I editing) in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) substrates. A-->I RNA editing is mediated by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes. A-->I RNA editing of protein-coding sequences of a ... ...

    Abstract One type of RNA editing converts adenosines to inosines (A-->I editing) in double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) substrates. A-->I RNA editing is mediated by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes. A-->I RNA editing of protein-coding sequences of a limited number of mammalian genes results in recoding and subsequent alterations of their functions. However, A-->I RNA editing most frequently targets repetitive RNA sequences located within introns and 5' and 3' untranslated regions (UTRs). Although the biological significance of noncoding RNA editing remains largely unknown, several possibilities, including its role in the control of endogenous short interfering RNAs (esiRNAs), have been proposed. Furthermore, recent studies have revealed that the biogenesis and functions of certain microRNAs (miRNAs) are regulated by the editing of their precursors. Here, I review the recent findings that indicate new functions for A-->I editing in the regulation of noncoding RNAs and for interactions between RNA editing and RNA interference mechanisms.
    MeSH term(s) Adenosine Deaminase/metabolism ; Animals ; Humans ; RNA/metabolism ; RNA Editing
    Chemical Substances RNA (63231-63-0) ; Adenosine Deaminase (EC 3.5.4.4)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2010-02-25
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 207924-0
    ISSN 1545-4509 ; 0066-4154
    ISSN (online) 1545-4509
    ISSN 0066-4154
    DOI 10.1146/annurev-biochem-060208-105251
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  7. Article ; Online: Processing of

    Shiromoto, Yusuke / Sakurai, Masayuki / Qu, Helen / Kossenkov, Andrew V / Nishikura, Kazuko

    RNA (New York, N.Y.)

    2020  Volume 26, Issue 12, Page(s) 1801–1814

    Abstract: In addition to adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing activities, ADAR1 has been shown to have various RNA editing-independent activities including modulation of RNAi efficacy. We previously reported that ADAR1 forms a heterodimer complex with DICER and ... ...

    Abstract In addition to adenosine-to-inosine RNA editing activities, ADAR1 has been shown to have various RNA editing-independent activities including modulation of RNAi efficacy. We previously reported that ADAR1 forms a heterodimer complex with DICER and facilitates processing of pre-miRNAs to mature miRNAs. In addition to miRNA synthesis, DICER is involved in processing of long dsRNAs into small RNAs (endo-siRNAs). Generation of retrotransposon-derived endo-siRNAs by DICER and their functions in regulation of transcripts in mouse oocytes has been previously reported. However, the synthesis and functions of endo-siRNAs in somatic cells remain largely unknown. Here, we report that ADAR1 together with DICER generates endogenous small RNAs,
    MeSH term(s) 3' Untranslated Regions ; Adenosine Deaminase/genetics ; Adenosine Deaminase/metabolism ; Alu Elements ; Argonaute Proteins/genetics ; Argonaute Proteins/metabolism ; DEAD-box RNA Helicases/genetics ; DEAD-box RNA Helicases/metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; RNA/chemistry ; RNA/genetics ; RNA/metabolism ; RNA Editing ; RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional ; RNA, Small Interfering/chemistry ; RNA, Small Interfering/genetics ; RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism ; RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ; RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Ribonuclease III/genetics ; Ribonuclease III/metabolism
    Chemical Substances 3' Untranslated Regions ; AGO2 protein, human ; Argonaute Proteins ; RNA, Small Interfering ; RNA-Binding Proteins ; RNA (63231-63-0) ; DICER1 protein, human (EC 3.1.26.3) ; Ribonuclease III (EC 3.1.26.3) ; ADAR protein, human (EC 3.5.4.37) ; Adenosine Deaminase (EC 3.5.4.4) ; DEAD-box RNA Helicases (EC 3.6.4.13)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2020-08-17
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
    ZDB-ID 1241540-6
    ISSN 1469-9001 ; 1355-8382
    ISSN (online) 1469-9001
    ISSN 1355-8382
    DOI 10.1261/rna.076745.120
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  8. Article: Editor meets silencer: crosstalk between RNA editing and RNA interference.

    Nishikura, Kazuko

    Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology

    2006  Volume 7, Issue 12, Page(s) 919–931

    Abstract: The most prevalent type of RNA editing is mediated by ADAR (adenosine deaminase acting on RNA) enzymes, which convert adenosines to inosines (a process known as A-->I RNA editing) in double-stranded (ds)RNA substrates. A-->I RNA editing was long thought ... ...

    Abstract The most prevalent type of RNA editing is mediated by ADAR (adenosine deaminase acting on RNA) enzymes, which convert adenosines to inosines (a process known as A-->I RNA editing) in double-stranded (ds)RNA substrates. A-->I RNA editing was long thought to affect only selected transcripts by altering the proteins they encode. However, genome-wide screening has revealed numerous editing sites within inverted Alu repeats in introns and untranslated regions. Also, recent evidence indicates that A-->I RNA editing crosstalks with RNA-interference pathways, which, like A-->I RNA editing, involve dsRNAs. A-->I RNA editing therefore seems to have additional functions, including the regulation of retrotransposons and gene silencing, which adds a new urgency to the challenges of fully understanding ADAR functions.
    MeSH term(s) Adenosine/chemistry ; Adenosine/metabolism ; Adenosine Deaminase/chemistry ; Adenosine Deaminase/genetics ; Adenosine Deaminase/metabolism ; Alu Elements ; Animals ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Inosine/chemistry ; Inosine/metabolism ; Introns ; RNA Editing ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Double-Stranded/metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism ; RNA-Binding Proteins ; Retroelements
    Chemical Substances RNA, Double-Stranded ; RNA, Small Interfering ; RNA-Binding Proteins ; Retroelements ; Inosine (5A614L51CT) ; ADARB1 protein, human (EC 3.5.4.4) ; Adenosine Deaminase (EC 3.5.4.4) ; Adenosine (K72T3FS567)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2006-12
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Review
    ZDB-ID 2031313-5
    ISSN 1471-0080 ; 1471-0072
    ISSN (online) 1471-0080
    ISSN 1471-0072
    DOI 10.1038/nrm2061
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  9. Article: Editing the message from A to I.

    Nishikura, Kazuko

    Nature biotechnology

    2004  Volume 22, Issue 8, Page(s) 962–963

    MeSH term(s) Adenosine/genetics ; Base Pair Mismatch/genetics ; Base Pairing/genetics ; Base Sequence ; Chromosome Mapping/methods ; Expressed Sequence Tags ; Humans ; Inosine/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; RNA Editing/genetics ; Sequence Alignment/methods ; Sequence Analysis, DNA/methods ; Sequence Analysis, RNA/methods ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Transcription Factors/genetics
    Chemical Substances Transcription Factors ; Inosine (5A614L51CT) ; Adenosine (K72T3FS567)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2004-08
    Publishing country United States
    Document type Comment ; Comparative Study ; News
    ZDB-ID 1311932-1
    ISSN 1546-1696 ; 1087-0156
    ISSN (online) 1546-1696
    ISSN 1087-0156
    DOI 10.1038/nbt0804-962
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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  10. Article ; Online: ADAR1 downregulation by autophagy drives senescence independently of RNA editing by enhancing p16

    Hao, Xue / Shiromoto, Yusuke / Sakurai, Masayuki / Towers, Martina / Zhang, Qiang / Wu, Shuai / Havas, Aaron / Wang, Lu / Berger, Shelley / Adams, Peter D / Tian, Bin / Nishikura, Kazuko / Kossenkov, Andrew V / Liu, Pingyu / Zhang, Rugang

    Nature cell biology

    2022  Volume 24, Issue 8, Page(s) 1202–1210

    Abstract: Cellular senescence plays a causal role in ageing and, in mice, depletion of ... ...

    Abstract Cellular senescence plays a causal role in ageing and, in mice, depletion of p16
    MeSH term(s) Adenosine Deaminase/genetics ; Adenosine Deaminase/metabolism ; Animals ; Autophagy/genetics ; Cellular Senescence/genetics ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16/genetics ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16/metabolism ; Down-Regulation ; Female ; Humans ; Mice ; RNA Editing/genetics ; RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional/genetics ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism ; Sirtuin 1/genetics
    Chemical Substances Cdkn2a protein, mouse ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 ; RNA, Messenger ; Sirtuin 1 (EC 3.5.1.-) ; ADAR1 protein, mouse (EC 3.5.4.4) ; Adenosine Deaminase (EC 3.5.4.4)
    Language English
    Publishing date 2022-07-18
    Publishing country England
    Document type Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
    ZDB-ID 1474722-4
    ISSN 1476-4679 ; 1465-7392
    ISSN (online) 1476-4679
    ISSN 1465-7392
    DOI 10.1038/s41556-022-00959-z
    Database MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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