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Article ; Online: 'I know what I should be feeding my child': foodways of primary caregivers of Child Support Grant recipients in South Africa.

Zembe-Mkabile, Wanga / Sanders, David / Ramokolo, Vundli / Doherty, Tanya

2022 Volume 15, Issue 1, Page(s) 2014045

Abstract: ... in receipt of South Africa's largest cash transfer programme, the Child Support Grant (CSG).: Objective ... with primary caregivers of Child Support Grant recipients younger than 5 years in the Eastern and Western Cape ... in food choices were chiefly a consequence of the small amount of the grant, as well as a food environment ...

Abstract	Background: Despite South Africa being an upper middle-income country producing enough food to sustain its population, and having an advanced social welfare system, it has high levels of food insecurity at the household-level. Food insecurity is linked to malnutrition and undernutrition in children. This manuscript addresses gaps in knowledge about food choices and practices of primary caregivers of children in receipt of South Africa's largest cash transfer programme, the Child Support Grant (CSG). Objective: The main objective of the study was to explore CSG caregivers' foodways and the choices they made about what food to buy, where to buy it and for what reasons, in Langa in the Western Cape and Mt Frere in the Eastern Cape. Methods: We conducted a total of 40 in-depth interviews and 5 focus group discussions with primary caregivers of Child Support Grant recipients younger than 5 years in the Eastern and Western Cape provinces. Results: Caregivers' food choices were less influenced by cultural practices and personal preferences, than by financial and physical constraints in terms of what and where to access food. Constraints in food choices were chiefly a consequence of the small amount of the grant, as well as a food environment that only availed foods of a certain quality and type in these low-income communities. Conclusions: The foodways of recipients of social assistance can only be better aligned with nutrition messaging and policy if there are changes in the monetary value of cash transfers, and the food environments of low-income households which determine access to, availability and affordability of nutritious food. Local informal food enterprises play an important role in the food system of CSG recipients and need to be considered in any strategies that seek to reform the food system of low-income communities in South Africa and similar settings.
MeSH term(s)	Caregivers ; Child ; Child Custody ; Financing, Organized ; Food Supply ; Humans ; Poverty ; South Africa/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-02-13
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2540569-X
ISSN	1654-9880 ; 1654-9880
ISSN (online)	1654-9880
ISSN	1654-9880
DOI	10.1080/16549716.2021.2014045
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: The child support grant and adolescent risk of HIV infection in South Africa.

Doherty, Tanya / Zembe, Wanga / Zembe, Yanga / Leon, Natalie / Sanders, David

The Lancet. Global health

2014 Volume 2, Issue 4, Page(s) e199

MeSH term(s)	Female ; HIV Infections/prevention & control ; Humans ; Male ; Public Assistance/statistics & numerical data ; Sex Work/statistics & numerical data ; Unsafe Sex/statistics & numerical data
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Letter ; Comment
ZDB-ID	2723488-5
ISSN	2214-109X ; 2214-109X
ISSN (online)	2214-109X
ISSN	2214-109X
DOI	10.1016/S2214-109X(14)70026-9
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Article ; Online: The experience of cash transfers in alleviating childhood poverty in South Africa: mothers' experiences of the Child Support Grant.

Zembe-Mkabile, Wanga / Surender, Rebecca / Surrender, Rebecca / Sanders, David / Jackson, Debra / Doherty, Tanya

Global public health

2015 Volume 10, Issue 7, Page(s) 834–851

Abstract: ... in Africa, the South African Child Support Grant (CSG) provides an important opportunity to further understand how a CT ... the mechanisms for supplementing the CSG; and the impact of not receiving the grant. Findings show ... to submit their applications. Many recipients, especially those where the grant was the only source ...

Abstract	Cash transfer (CT) programmes are increasingly being used as policy instruments to address child poverty and child health outcomes in developing countries. As the largest cash-transfer programme in Africa, the South African Child Support Grant (CSG) provides an important opportunity to further understand how a CT of its kind works in a developing country context. We explored the experiences and views of CSG recipients and non-recipients from four diverse settings in South Africa. Four major themes emerged from the data: barriers to accessing the CSG; how the CSG is utilised and the ways in which it makes a difference; the mechanisms for supplementing the CSG; and the impact of not receiving the grant. Findings show that administrative factors continue to be the greatest barrier to CSG receipt, pointing to the need for further improvements in managing queues, waiting times and coordination between departments for applicants trying to submit their applications. Many recipients, especially those where the grant was the only source of income, acknowledged the importance of the CSG, while also emphasising its inadequacy. To maximise their impact, CT programmes such as the CSG need to be fully funded and form part of a broader basket of poverty alleviation strategies.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Child, Preschool ; Developing Countries ; Female ; Financing, Government ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Mothers ; Poverty/economics ; Public Assistance/economics ; Qualitative Research ; South Africa
Language	English
Publishing date	2015
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2234129-8
ISSN	1744-1706 ; 1744-1692
ISSN (online)	1744-1706
ISSN	1744-1692
DOI	10.1080/17441692.2015.1007471
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Article ; Online: 'To be a woman is to make a plan': a qualitative study exploring mothers' experiences of the Child Support Grant in supporting children's diets and nutrition in South Africa.

Zembe-Mkabile, Wanga / Surender, Rebecca / Sanders, David / Swart, Rina / Ramokolo, Vundli / Wright, Gemma / Doherty, Tanya

BMJ open

2018 Volume 8, Issue 4, Page(s) e019376

Abstract: ... that cash transfers such as South Africa's Child Support Grant (CSG) have the potential to help address ...

Abstract	Food security and good nutrition are key determinants of child well-being. There is strong evidence that cash transfers such as South Africa's Child Support Grant (CSG) have the potential to help address some of the underlying drivers of food insecurity and malnutrition by providing income to caregivers in poor households, but it is unclear how precisely they work to affect child well-being and nutrition. We present results from a qualitative study conducted to explore the role of the CSG in food security and child well-being in poor households in an urban and a rural setting in South Africa. Setting: Mt Frere, Eastern Cape (rural area); Langa, Western Cape (urban township). Participants: CSG recipient caregivers and community members in the two sites . We conducted a total of 40 in-depth interviews with mothers or primary caregivers in receipt of the CSG for children under the age of 5 years. In addition, five focus group discussions with approximately eight members per group were conducted. Data were analysed using manifest and latent thematic content analysis methods. Results: The CSG is too small on its own to improve child nutrition and well-being. Providing for children's diets and nutrition competes with other priorities that are equally important for child well-being and nutrition. Conclusions: In addition to raising the value of the CSG so that it is linked to the cost of a nutritious basket of food, more emphasis should be placed on parallel structural solutions that are vital for good child nutrition outcomes and well-being, such as access to free quality early child development services that provide adequate nutritious meals, access to adequate basic services and the promotion of appropriate feeding, hygiene and care practices.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child Welfare ; Diet ; Female ; Food Supply ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mothers ; Poverty ; South Africa ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-04-24
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2747269-3
ISSN	2044-6055 ; 2044-6055 ; 2053-3624
ISSN (online)	2044-6055
ISSN	2044-6055 ; 2053-3624
DOI	10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019376
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Article ; Online: Child Support Grant access and receipt among 12-week-old infants in an urban township setting in South Africa.

Zembe-Mkabile, Wanga / Doherty, Tanya / Sanders, David / Jackson, Debra

Global health action

2014 Volume 7, Issue 1, Page(s) 25310

Abstract: ... improve child health outcomes in low- and middle-income countries. The Child Support Grant (CSG) is ... of the grant is associated with improved child health outcomes. Since its implementation, one of the major ... concerns about the grant has been take-up rates, particularly for younger children. This paper reports ...

Abstract	Background Cash transfers (CTs) are increasingly used as a strategy to alleviate poverty and improve child health outcomes in low- and middle-income countries. The Child Support Grant (CSG) is the largest CT programme in South Africa, and on the continent, targeting poor children from birth until the age of 18 with a monthly sum of R300 (USD30). Evidence on the CSG shows that early receipt of the grant is associated with improved child health outcomes. Since its implementation, one of the major concerns about the grant has been take-up rates, particularly for younger children. This paper reports results on take-up rates for 12-week-old infants residing in an urban township in South Africa. Methods This is a descriptive study utilising data from a community-based, cluster-randomised trial which evaluated a programme providing pregnancy and post-natal home visits by community health workers to 3,494 mothers in Umlazi township, South Africa. Results At the 12-week visit, half (52%) of the mothers who had enrolled in the study had applied for the CSG on behalf of their children, while 85% of the mothers who had not applied were still planning to apply. Only 38% (1,327) of all children had received the CSG. Conclusions In this study, many mothers had not applied for the CSG in the first few months after delivery, and only a third of children had accessed the grant. Further research is needed to understand what the current barriers are that prevent mothers from applying for this important form of social protection in the early months after delivery.
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-12
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2540569-X
ISSN	1654-9880 ; 1654-9716
ISSN (online)	1654-9880
ISSN	1654-9716
DOI	10.3402/gha.v7.25310
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Article ; Online: Child Support Grant access and receipt among 12-week-old infants in an urban township setting in South Africa.

Zembe-Mkabile, Wanga / Doherty, Tanya / Sanders, David / Jackson, Debra

Global health action

2014 Volume 7, Page(s) 25310

Abstract	Background: Cash transfers (CTs) are increasingly used as a strategy to alleviate poverty and improve child health outcomes in low- and middle-income countries. The Child Support Grant (CSG) is the largest CT programme in South Africa, and on the continent, targeting poor children from birth until the age of 18 with a monthly sum of R300 (USD30). Evidence on the CSG shows that early receipt of the grant is associated with improved child health outcomes. Since its implementation, one of the major concerns about the grant has been take-up rates, particularly for younger children. This paper reports results on take-up rates for 12-week-old infants residing in an urban township in South Africa. Methods: This is a descriptive study utilising data from a community-based, cluster-randomised trial which evaluated a programme providing pregnancy and post-natal home visits by community health workers to 3,494 mothers in Umlazi township, South Africa. Results: At the 12-week visit, half (52%) of the mothers who had enrolled in the study had applied for the CSG on behalf of their children, while 85% of the mothers who had not applied were still planning to apply. Only 38% (1,327) of all children had received the CSG. Conclusions: In this study, many mothers had not applied for the CSG in the first few months after delivery, and only a third of children had accessed the grant. Further research is needed to understand what the current barriers are that prevent mothers from applying for this important form of social protection in the early months after delivery.
MeSH term(s)	Child Care/economics ; Child Care/statistics & numerical data ; Child, Preschool ; Community Health Workers ; Financing, Government/methods ; Humans ; Infant ; Poverty ; South Africa ; Urban Population
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-08-25
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	2540569-X
ISSN	1654-9880 ; 1654-9880
ISSN (online)	1654-9880
ISSN	1654-9880
DOI	10.3402/gha.v7.25310
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: The child support grant and adolescent risk of HIV infection in South Africa

Tanya Doherty / Wanga Zembe / Yanga Zembe / Natalie Leon / David Sanders

The Lancet Global Health, Vol 2, Iss 4, p e

2014 Volume 199

Keywords	Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-04-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Elsevier
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: The dynamic relationship between cash transfers and child health: can the child support grant in South Africa make a difference to child nutrition?

Zembe-Mkabile, Wanga / Ramokolo, Vundli / Sanders, David / Jackson, Debra / Doherty, Tanya

Public health nutrition

2015 Volume 19, Issue 2, Page(s) 356–362

Abstract: ... the Child Support Grant (CSG) is the largest cash transfer programme targeting children from poor households ...

Abstract	Objective: Cash transfer programmes targeting children are considered an effective strategy for addressing child poverty and for improving child health outcomes in developing countries. In South Africa, the Child Support Grant (CSG) is the largest cash transfer programme targeting children from poor households. The present paper investigates the association of the duration of CSG receipt with child growth at 2 years in three diverse areas of South Africa. Design: The study analysed data on CSG receipt and anthropometric measurements from children. Predictors of stunting were assessed using a backward regression model. Setting: Paarl (peri-urban), Rietvlei (rural) and Umlazi (urban township), South Africa, 2008. Subjects: Children (n 746), median age 22 months. Results: High rates of stunting were observed in Umlazi (28 %), Rietvlei (20 %) and Paarl (17 %). Duration of CSG receipt had no effect on stunting. HIV exposure (adjusted OR=2·30; 95 % CI 1·31, 4·03) and low birth weight (adjusted=OR 2·01, 95 % CI 1·02, 3·96) were associated with stunting, and maternal education had a protective effect on stunting. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that, despite the presence of the CSG, high rates of stunting among poor children continue unabated in South Africa. We argue that the effect of the CSG on nutritional status may have been eroded by food price inflation and limited progress in the provision of other important interventions and social services.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Child Health/economics ; Child, Preschool ; Educational Status ; Female ; Financing, Organized ; Food Supply/economics ; Growth Disorders/epidemiology ; Growth Disorders/etiology ; Growth Disorders/prevention & control ; HIV ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Inflation, Economic ; Male ; Nutritional Status ; Odds Ratio ; Poverty ; Prevalence ; Public Assistance ; Social Welfare ; South Africa/epidemiology ; Young Adult
Language	English
Publishing date	2015-06-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Randomized Controlled Trial ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
ZDB-ID	1436024-x
ISSN	1475-2727 ; 1368-9800
ISSN (online)	1475-2727
ISSN	1368-9800
DOI	10.1017/S1368980015001147
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Child Support Grant access and receipt among 12-week-old infants in an urban township setting in South Africa

Wanga Zembe-Mkabile / Tanya Doherty / David Sanders / Debra Jackson

Global Health Action, Vol 7, Iss 0, Pp 1-

2014 Volume 4

Abstract	Background: Cash transfers (CTs) are increasingly used as a strategy to alleviate poverty and improve child health outcomes in low- and middle-income countries. The Child Support Grant (CSG) is the largest CT programme in South Africa, and on the continent, targeting poor children from birth until the age of 18 with a monthly sum of R300 (USD30). Evidence on the CSG shows that early receipt of the grant is associated with improved child health outcomes. Since its implementation, one of the major concerns about the grant has been take-up rates, particularly for younger children. This paper reports results on take-up rates for 12-week-old infants residing in an urban township in South Africa. Methods: This is a descriptive study utilising data from a community-based, cluster-randomised trial which evaluated a programme providing pregnancy and post-natal home visits by community health workers to 3,494 mothers in Umlazi township, South Africa. Results: At the 12-week visit, half (52%) of the mothers who had enrolled in the study had applied for the CSG on behalf of their children, while 85% of the mothers who had not applied were still planning to apply. Only 38% (1,327) of all children had received the CSG. Conclusions: In this study, many mothers had not applied for the CSG in the first few months after delivery, and only a third of children had accessed the grant. Further research is needed to understand what the current barriers are that prevent mothers from applying for this important form of social protection in the early months after delivery.
Keywords	cash transfers ; child health ; take-up rates ; Child Support Grant ; South Africa ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	360
Language	English
Publishing date	2014-08-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Taylor & Francis Group
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: The dynamic relationship between cash transfers and child health: can the child support grant in South Africa make a difference to child nutrition?

Zembe-Mkabile, Wanga / Doherty, Tanya / Jackson, Debra / Ramokolo, Vundli / Sanders, David

Public health nutrition. 2016 Feb., v. 19, no. 2

2016

Abstract: ... the Child Support Grant (CSG) is the largest cash transfer programme targeting children from poor households ...

Abstract	Cash transfer programmes targeting children are considered an effective strategy for addressing child poverty and for improving child health outcomes in developing countries. In South Africa, the Child Support Grant (CSG) is the largest cash transfer programme targeting children from poor households. The present paper investigates the association of the duration of CSG receipt with child growth at 2 years in three diverse areas of South Africa. The study analysed data on CSG receipt and anthropometric measurements from children. Predictors of stunting were assessed using a backward regression model. Paarl (peri-urban), Rietvlei (rural) and Umlazi (urban township), South Africa, 2008. Children (n 746), median age 22 months. High rates of stunting were observed in Umlazi (28 %), Rietvlei (20 %) and Paarl (17 %). Duration of CSG receipt had no effect on stunting. HIV exposure (adjusted OR=2·30; 95 % CI 1·31, 4·03) and low birth weight (adjusted=OR 2·01, 95 % CI 1·02, 3·96) were associated with stunting, and maternal education had a protective effect on stunting. Our findings suggest that, despite the presence of the CSG, high rates of stunting among poor children continue unabated in South Africa. We argue that the effect of the CSG on nutritional status may have been eroded by food price inflation and limited progress in the provision of other important interventions and social services.
Keywords	anthropometric measurements ; child growth ; child nutrition ; children ; developing countries ; education ; food prices ; growth retardation ; households ; Human immunodeficiency virus ; inflation ; low birth weight ; nutritional status ; poverty ; protective effect ; social services ; South Africa
Language	English
Dates of publication	2016-02
Size	p. 356-362.
Publishing place	Cambridge University Press
Document type	Article
ZDB-ID	1436024-x
ISSN	1475-2727 ; 1368-9800
ISSN (online)	1475-2727
ISSN	1368-9800
DOI	10.1017/S1368980015001147
Database	NAL-Catalogue (AGRICOLA)

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