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Article: Editorial: Gastrointestinal function and nutrition in pediatric critical care.

Mtaweh, Haifa / Martinez, Enid E

2022 Volume 10, Page(s) 1056544

Language	English
Publishing date	2022-10-28
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Editorial
ZDB-ID	2711999-3
ISSN	2296-2360
ISSN	2296-2360
DOI	10.3389/fped.2022.1056544
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Biomarkers and Functional Assays of Epithelial Barrier Disruption and Gastrointestinal Dysmotility in Critical Illness-A Narrative Review.

Martinez, Julianna / Rodriguez Hovnanian, K Marco / Martinez, Enid E

Nutrients

2023 Volume 15, Issue 18

Abstract: Enteral nutrition in critically ill children has been associated with improved clinical outcomes. Gastrointestinal dysfunction often impedes the timely initiation and advancement of enteral nutrition and can contribute to immune dysregulation and ... ...

Abstract	Enteral nutrition in critically ill children has been associated with improved clinical outcomes. Gastrointestinal dysfunction often impedes the timely initiation and advancement of enteral nutrition and can contribute to immune dysregulation and systemic inflammation. Therefore, assessing gastrointestinal function, at a cellular and functional level, is important to provide optimal enteral nutrition therapy and reduce the gastrointestinal tract's contribution to the inflammatory cascade of critical illness. In this narrative review, we present an overview of biomarker and functional assays for gastrointestinal dysfunction, including epithelial barrier disruption and gastrointestinal dysmotility, that have been considered for critically ill patients.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Humans ; Critical Illness ; Biomarkers ; Behavior Therapy ; Biological Assay ; Cognition
Chemical Substances	Biomarkers
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-19
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2518386-2
ISSN	2072-6643 ; 2072-6643
ISSN (online)	2072-6643
ISSN	2072-6643
DOI	10.3390/nu15184052
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Article ; Online: Nutrition therapy and outcomes in hospitalized children.

Martinez, Enid E / Mehta, Nilesh M

JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition

2021 Volume 45, Issue 7, Page(s) 1392–1394

MeSH term(s)	Child ; Child, Hospitalized ; Humans ; Nutrition Therapy ; Nutritional Support
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-09-16
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Comment
ZDB-ID	800861-9
ISSN	1941-2444 ; 0148-6071
ISSN (online)	1941-2444
ISSN	0148-6071
DOI	10.1002/jpen.2253
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Article ; Online: Challenges and advances in nutrition for the critically ill child.

Albert, Ben D / Martinez, Enid E

Current opinion in critical care

2022 Volume 28, Issue 4, Page(s) 401–408

Abstract: Purpose of review: Malnutrition remains prevalent in critically ill children and is associated with worse clinical outcomes. Conversely, nutrition provision has been associated with improved survival. Nutritional challenges must be addressed to guide ... ...

Abstract	Purpose of review: Malnutrition remains prevalent in critically ill children and is associated with worse clinical outcomes. Conversely, nutrition provision has been associated with improved survival. Nutritional challenges must be addressed to guide best nutrition practices for the critically ill child. In this narrative review, we summarize findings from research published between July 2020 and January 2022 on nutrition in critically ill children. Findings from these articles build on previous work to guide next steps in both research and clinical practice in this cohort. Recent findings: A comprehensive literature review was performed. We identified the following common themes for research published between July 2020 and January 2022-metabolism, enteral nutrition, including timing, dosing, protein prescription and delivery in special populations, gastrointestinal function, and enteral nutrition adjunctive therapies. Summary: Research continues to support early initiation and advancement of enteral nutrition. Achieving nutritional adequacy is challenging, but research associated with the timing and dosing of enteral nutrition, alternative methods of enteral nutrition delivery and the use of adjuncts are expanding our understanding of best practices for this cohort. Areas for further research continue to be the use of measured energy requirements, protein dosing and inclusion of functional outcomes to assess the benefit of nutritional interventions.
MeSH term(s)	Child ; Critical Illness/therapy ; Enteral Nutrition/methods ; Humans ; Intensive Care Units, Pediatric ; Nutritional Requirements ; Nutritional Status
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-07-05
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	1235629-3
ISSN	1531-7072 ; 1070-5295
ISSN (online)	1531-7072
ISSN	1070-5295
DOI	10.1097/MCC.0000000000000953
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Zs.A 4999: Show issues

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Article: More movement with manure: increased mobility of erythromycin through agricultural soil in the presence of manure.

Georgakakos, Christine B / Martínez, Carmen Enid / Helbling, Damian E / Walter, M Todd

Journal of water and health

2023 Volume 21, Issue 9, Page(s) 1143–1157

Abstract: Antibiotic residues in the environment threaten soil and aquatic organisms and human and livestock health through the building of antimicrobial resistance. Manure spreading associated with animal agriculture is one source of environmental antibiotic ... ...

Abstract	Antibiotic residues in the environment threaten soil and aquatic organisms and human and livestock health through the building of antimicrobial resistance. Manure spreading associated with animal agriculture is one source of environmental antibiotic residues. To better understand the risk of contamination, we studied the adsorption of erythromycin, a model macrolide antibiotic used across human and animal medicine. We conducted a series of equilibrium batch experiments to determine the kinetics and extent of adsorption and a continuous-flow column adsorption experiment to observe non-equilibrium adsorption patterns. We determined that the adsorption equilibration time to soil was approximately 72 h in our batch experiments. Erythromycin adsorbed to soil relatively strongly (K = 8.01 × 10
MeSH term(s)	Animals ; Humans ; Soil ; Erythromycin ; Manure ; Agriculture ; Anti-Bacterial Agents
Chemical Substances	Soil ; Erythromycin (63937KV33D) ; Manure ; Anti-Bacterial Agents
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-08-23
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2123845-5
ISSN	1996-7829 ; 1477-8920
ISSN (online)	1996-7829
ISSN	1477-8920
DOI	10.2166/wh.2023.051
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Article: The Zonulin Pathway as a Potential Mediator of Gastrointestinal Dysfunction in Critical Illness.

Martinez, Enid E / Mehta, Nilesh M / Fasano, Alessio

Pediatric critical care medicine : a journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies

2022 Volume 23, Issue 9, Page(s) e424–e428

MeSH term(s)	Critical Illness ; Haptoglobins ; Humans ; Protein Precursors
Chemical Substances	Haptoglobins ; Protein Precursors ; zonulin
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-05-09
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2052349-X
ISSN	1947-3893 ; 1529-7535
ISSN (online)	1947-3893
ISSN	1529-7535
DOI	10.1097/PCC.0000000000002985
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Zs.A 5600: Show issues			Location: Je nach Verfügbarkeit (siehe Angabe bei Bestand) bis Jg. 1994: Bestellungen von Artikeln über das Online-Bestellformular Jg. 1995 - 2021: Lesesall (2.OG) ab Jg. 2022: Lesesaal (EG)
Zs.MO 472: Show issues

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Article ; Online: More movement with manure

Christine B. Georgakakos / Carmen Enid Martínez / Damian E. Helbling / M. Todd Walter

Journal of Water and Health, Vol 21, Iss 9, Pp 1143-

increased mobility of erythromycin through agricultural soil in the presence of manure

2023 Volume 1157

Abstract	Antibiotic residues in the environment threaten soil and aquatic organisms and human and livestock health through the building of antimicrobial resistance. Manure spreading associated with animal agriculture is one source of environmental antibiotic residues. To better understand the risk of contamination, we studied the adsorption of erythromycin, a model macrolide antibiotic used across human and animal medicine. We conducted a series of equilibrium batch experiments to determine the kinetics and extent of adsorption and a continuous-flow column adsorption experiment to observe non-equilibrium adsorption patterns. We determined that the adsorption equilibration time to soil was approximately 72 h in our batch experiments. Erythromycin adsorbed to soil relatively strongly (K = 8.01 × 10−2 L/mg; qmax = 1.53 × 10−3 mg/mg), adsorbed to the soil in the presence of manure with less affinity (K = 1.99 × 10−4 L/mg) at a soil: manure ratio of 10:1 by mass, and did not adsorb to manure across the solid ratios tested. We observed multi-phased adsorption of erythromycin to the soil during the non-equilibrium column experiment, which was largely absent from the treatments with both soil and manure present. These results suggest that erythromycin is more mobile in the environment when introduced with manure, which is likely the largest source of agriculturally sourced environmental antibiotics. HIGHLIGHTS Erythromycin favored its aqueous phase when manure and manure–DOM were present.; Erythromycin may display biphasic adsorption tendencies with multiple mechanisms.; Manure management recommendation: reduce manure erythromycin content prior to field application when contaminant is aqueous.;
Keywords	adsorption isotherm ; antibiotic residue ; antimicrobial resistance (amr) ; erythromycin ; one-health ; pharmaceuticals ; Public aspects of medicine ; RA1-1270
Subject code	630
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	IWA Publishing
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Postpyloric vs gastric enteral nutrition in critically ill children: A single-center retrospective cohort study.

Martinez, Enid E / Melvin, Patrice / Callif, Charles / Turner, Ashley D / Hamilton, Susan / Mehta, Nilesh M

JPEN. Journal of parenteral and enteral nutrition

2023 Volume 47, Issue 4, Page(s) 494–500

Abstract: Background: We aimed to describe enteral nutrition (EN) delivery in patients receiving postpyloric EN (PPEN) vs gastric EN (GEN).: Methods: Single-center retrospective study including patients aged <21 years admitted to an intensive care unit in a ... ...

Abstract	Background: We aimed to describe enteral nutrition (EN) delivery in patients receiving postpyloric EN (PPEN) vs gastric EN (GEN). Methods: Single-center retrospective study including patients aged <21 years admitted to an intensive care unit in a pediatric quaternary care hospital for ≧48 h who received PPEN or GEN as a first approach, as guided by a nutrition algorithm. PPEN patients were 1:1 propensity score matched to GEN patients on demographics, clinical characteristics, and disease severity. Days to EN initiation from admission, percentage of EN adequacy (delivered EN volume/prescribed EN volume) on days 1-3 and 7 after EN initiation, and time to achieving 60% of prescribed EN volume were compared between the two groups using Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney tests and a Cox proportional hazards model. Data are presented as median (IQR1, IQR3). Results: Forty-six PPEN and 46 GEN patients were matched. Median time to EN initiation was 3.25 (2, 6.8) days for PPEN and 4.15 (1.5, 7.1) days for GEN (P = 0.6). Percentage of EN adequacy was greater for PPEN than GEN patients (day 1 PPEN 59.4% [18.8, 87.5] vs GEN 21.1% [7.8, 62.8], day 2 PPEN 54.3% [16.7, 95.8] vs GEN 24% [5.4, 56.7], day 3 PPEN 65.4% [14.7, 100] vs GEN 16% [0, 64.6], day 7 PPEN 77.8% [11.1, 100] vs GEN 13.8% [0, 74.5]; P < 0.05). PPEN patients had greater likelihood of achieving 60% of their prescribed EN volume than GEN patients (hazard ratio 1.84, 95% CI 1.07-3.15; P = 0.028). Conclusion: PPEN was associated with greater EN delivery compared with GEN.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Child ; Enteral Nutrition ; Retrospective Studies ; Critical Illness/therapy ; Energy Intake ; Nutritional Status ; Intensive Care Units
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-02-20
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	800861-9
ISSN	1941-2444 ; 0148-6071
ISSN (online)	1941-2444
ISSN	0148-6071
DOI	10.1002/jpen.2482
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Article: Changes in global nutrition practices in critically ill children and the impact of emerging evidence: a secondary analysis of the Pediatric International Nutrition Studies (PINS), 2009-2018.

Akhondi-Asl, Alireza / Ariagno, Katelyn / Fluckiger, Larissa / Jotterand Chaparro, Corinne / Martinez, Enid E / Moreno, Yara M F / Ong, Chengsi / Skillman, Heather E / Tume, Lyvonne / Mehta, Nilesh M / Bechard, Lori J

Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

2024

Abstract: Background: The timeline of the three Pediatric International Nutrition Studies (PINS) coincided with the publication of 2 major guidelines for the timing of parenteral nutrition (PN) and recommended energy and protein delivery dose.: Objective: The ... ...

Abstract	Background: The timeline of the three Pediatric International Nutrition Studies (PINS) coincided with the publication of 2 major guidelines for the timing of parenteral nutrition (PN) and recommended energy and protein delivery dose. Objective: The study's main objective was to describe changes in the nutrition delivery practice recorded in PINS 1 and 2 (conducted in 2009 and 2011, pre-exposure epoch) versus PINS 3 (conducted in 2018,post-exposure epoch), in relation to the published practice guidelines. Design: This study is a secondary analysis of data from a multi-center prospective cohort study. Participants: /setting. Data from 3650 participants, aged 1 month to 18 years, admitted to 100 unique hospitals that participated in three PINS was used for this study. Main outcome measures: The time in days from PICU admission to the initiation of PN and enteral nutrition (EN) delivery were the primary outcomes. Prescribed energy and protein goals were the secondary outcomes. Statistical analyses performed: A frailty model with a random intercept per hospital with stratified baseline hazard function by region for the primary outcomes and a mixed-effects negative binomial regression with random intercept per hospital for the secondary outcomes. Results: The proportion of patients receiving EN (88.3% vs. 80.6%, p-value<0.001) was higher, and those receiving PN (20.6% vs. 28.8%, p-value<0.001) was lower in the PINS3 cohort compared to PINS1-2. In the PINS3 cohort, the odds of initiating PN during the 1st 10 days of PICU admission were lower, compared to the PINS1-2 cohort (HR=0.8, CI=[0.67-0.95], p-value=0.013); and prescribed energy goal was lower compared to the PINS1-2 cohort (IRR=0.918, CI=[0.874-0.965], p=0.001). Conclusions: The likelihood of initiation of PN delivery significantly decreased in the first ten days post-admission in the PINS3 cohort compared to PINS1-2. Energy goal prescription in mechanically ventilated children significantly decreased in the post-guidelines epoch compared to the pre-guidelines epoch.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-04-26
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2646718-5
ISSN	2212-2672
ISSN	2212-2672
DOI	10.1016/j.jand.2024.04.014
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Article ; Online: Human coagulation factor X and CD5 antigen-like are potential new members of the zonulin family proteins.

Konno, Takumi / Martinez, Enid E / Ji, Jian / Miranda-Ribera, Alba / Fiorentino, Maria R / Fasano, Alessio

Biochemical and biophysical research communications

2022 Volume 638, Page(s) 127–133

Abstract: Zonulin is a physiologic epithelial and endothelial permeability modulator. Zonulin increases antigen trafficking from the gut lumen into the bloodstream and in between body compartments, a mechanism linked to many chronic inflammatory diseases. Upon its ...

Abstract	Zonulin is a physiologic epithelial and endothelial permeability modulator. Zonulin increases antigen trafficking from the gut lumen into the bloodstream and in between body compartments, a mechanism linked to many chronic inflammatory diseases. Upon its initial discovery, it was noted that zonulin was not a single protein, but rather a family of structurally and functionally related proteins referred to as the zonulin family proteins (ZFPs). ZFPs are members of the mannose associated serine proteases (MASP) family and are the result of high mutation rates leading to many zonulin polymorphisms. Pre-haptoglobin 2, the precursor of haptoglobin 2, was identified as the first eukaryotic member of the ZFPs, and properdin, a key positive regulator of the alternative pathway, as a second member. In this study, we report two additional proteins that are likely ZFPs. Human coagulation factor X (FX) and CD5 antigen-like (CD5L). Both FX and CD5L recombinant proteins were detected by anti-zonulin antibody in Western immunoblot analysis, and both proteins decreased epithelial barrier competency of Caco-2 cell monolayers as established by the Trans Epithelial Electrical Resistance (TEER) assay. These results indicate that FX and CD5L have structural and functional similarities with previously identified ZFPs and, therefore, can be considered new members of this family of proteins.
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; Haptoglobins/analysis ; CD5 Antigens/metabolism ; Factor X/metabolism ; Caco-2 Cells ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism ; Permeability ; Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism
Chemical Substances	Haptoglobins ; CD5 Antigens ; Factor X (9001-29-0) ; Carrier Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-11-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	205723-2
ISSN	1090-2104 ; 0006-291X ; 0006-291X
ISSN (online)	1090-2104 ; 0006-291X
ISSN	0006-291X
DOI	10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.11.047
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