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Article ; Online: The effect of the alliance on social recovery outcomes and usage in a moderated online social therapy for first-episode psychosis.

Stiles, B J / Halverson, T F / Stone, A / Still, C / Gleeson, J F / Alvarez-Jimenez, M / Perkins, D O / Penn, D L

2024

Abstract: Objectives: We investigated the effect of the therapeutic alliance on both change in social recovery outcomes and usage of a moderated online social therapy platform for first-episode psychosis (FEP), Horyzons.: Design: Secondary analysis of a single ...

Abstract	Objectives: We investigated the effect of the therapeutic alliance on both change in social recovery outcomes and usage of a moderated online social therapy platform for first-episode psychosis (FEP), Horyzons. Design: Secondary analysis of a single group pilot trial. Methods: Clients completed an alliance measure adapted for guided digital interventions at mid-treatment. A series of multi-level models evaluated change in outcomes by mid- and post-treatment assessments (relative to baseline) as a function of the overall alliance. Quasi-Poisson models evaluated the effect of the overall alliance on aggregated counts of platform usage. Exploratory analyses repeated these models in terms of the bond (human-human) or the task/goal (human-program) alliance. Results: Stronger overall alliance at mid-treatment predicted lower loneliness at mid-treatment and lower social anxiety at mid- and post-treatment. It was also associated with higher completion of therapy activities and authoring of comments and reactions. A strong bond with an online therapist was associated with lower loneliness and higher perceived social support at mid-treatment, lower social anxiety at post-treatment as well as a higher number of reactions made on the social network. Stronger alliance with the platform's tasks and goals facilitated lower social anxiety at both follow-up assessments and was further associated with higher completion of therapy activities and reactions in the social network. Conclusions: The alliance may impact aspects of social recovery and usage in digital interventions for FEP. Specific aspects of the alliance (human-human and human-program relationships) should be considered in future research.
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-02-14
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2063873-5
ISSN	2044-8341 ; 1476-0835
ISSN (online)	2044-8341
ISSN	1476-0835
DOI	10.1111/papt.12522
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Article ; Online: Farming on Mars: Treatment of basaltic regolith soil and briny water simulants sustains plant growth.

Kasiviswanathan, Pooja / Swanner, Elizabeth D / Halverson, Larry J / Vijayapalani, Paramasivan

PloS one

2022 Volume 17, Issue 8, Page(s) e0272209

Abstract: A fundamental challenge in human missions to Mars is producing consumable foods efficiently with the in situ resources such as soil, water, nutrients and solar radiation available on Mars. The low nutrient content of martian soil and high salinity of ... ...

Abstract	A fundamental challenge in human missions to Mars is producing consumable foods efficiently with the in situ resources such as soil, water, nutrients and solar radiation available on Mars. The low nutrient content of martian soil and high salinity of water render them unfit for direct use for propagating food crops on Mars. It is therefore essential to develop strategies to enhance nutrient content in Mars soil and to desalinate briny water for long-term missions on Mars. We report simple and efficient strategies for treating basaltic regolith simulant soil and briny water simulant for suitable resources for growing plants. We show that alfalfa plants grow well in a nutrient-limited basaltic regolith simulant soil and that the alfalfa biomass can be used as a biofertilizer to sustain growth and production of turnip, radish and lettuce in the basaltic regolith simulant soil. Moreover, we show that marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 effectively desalinates the briny water simulant, and that desalination can be further enhanced by filtration through basalt-type volcanic rocks. Our findings indicate that it is possible to grow food crops with alfalfa treated basaltic regolith martian soil as a substratum watered with biodesalinated water.
MeSH term(s)	Agriculture ; Crops, Agricultural ; Extraterrestrial Environment ; Humans ; Mars ; Silicates ; Soil ; Water
Chemical Substances	Silicates ; Soil ; basalt ; Water (059QF0KO0R)
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-08-17
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2267670-3
ISSN	1932-6203 ; 1932-6203
ISSN (online)	1932-6203
ISSN	1932-6203
DOI	10.1371/journal.pone.0272209
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Article ; Online: Feedback inhibition underlies new computational functions of cerebellar interneurons.

Halverson, Hunter E / Kim, Jinsook / Khilkevich, Andrei / Mauk, Michael D / Augustine, George J

eLife

2022 Volume 11

Abstract: The function of a feedback inhibitory circuit between cerebellar Purkinje cells and molecular layer interneurons (MLIs) was defined by combining optogenetics, neuronal activity recordings both in cerebellar slices ... ...

Abstract	The function of a feedback inhibitory circuit between cerebellar Purkinje cells and molecular layer interneurons (MLIs) was defined by combining optogenetics, neuronal activity recordings both in cerebellar slices and
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-12-08
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2687154-3
ISSN	2050-084X ; 2050-084X
ISSN (online)	2050-084X
ISSN	2050-084X
DOI	10.7554/eLife.77603
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Book ; Online: Infinite Neural Network Quantum States

Luo, Di / Halverson, James

Entanglement and Training Dynamics

2021

Abstract: We study infinite limits of neural network quantum states ($\infty$-NNQS), which exhibit representation power through ensemble statistics, and also tractable gradient descent dynamics. Ensemble averages of Renyi entropies are expressed in terms of neural ...

Abstract	We study infinite limits of neural network quantum states ($\infty$-NNQS), which exhibit representation power through ensemble statistics, and also tractable gradient descent dynamics. Ensemble averages of Renyi entropies are expressed in terms of neural network correlators, and architectures that exhibit volume-law entanglement are presented. A general framework is developed for studying the gradient descent dynamics of neural network quantum states (NNQS), using a quantum state neural tangent kernel (QS-NTK). For $\infty$-NNQS the training dynamics is simplified, since the QS-NTK becomes deterministic and constant. An analytic solution is derived for quantum state supervised learning, which allows an $\infty$-NNQS to recover any target wavefunction. Numerical experiments on finite and infinite NNQS in the transverse field Ising model and Fermi Hubbard model demonstrate excellent agreement with theory. $\infty$-NNQS opens up new opportunities for studying entanglement and training dynamics in other physics applications, such as in finding ground states.
Keywords	Quantum Physics ; Condensed Matter - Disordered Systems and Neural Networks ; Computer Science - Machine Learning ; High Energy Physics - Theory
Subject code	541
Publishing date	2021-12-01
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
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Article ; Online: Farming on Mars

Pooja Kasiviswanathan / Elizabeth D Swanner / Larry J Halverson / Paramasivan Vijayapalani

PLoS ONE, Vol 17, Iss 8, p e

Treatment of basaltic regolith soil and briny water simulants sustains plant growth.

2022 Volume 0272209

Abstract	A fundamental challenge in human missions to Mars is producing consumable foods efficiently with the in situ resources such as soil, water, nutrients and solar radiation available on Mars. The low nutrient content of martian soil and high salinity of water render them unfit for direct use for propagating food crops on Mars. It is therefore essential to develop strategies to enhance nutrient content in Mars soil and to desalinate briny water for long-term missions on Mars. We report simple and efficient strategies for treating basaltic regolith simulant soil and briny water simulant for suitable resources for growing plants. We show that alfalfa plants grow well in a nutrient-limited basaltic regolith simulant soil and that the alfalfa biomass can be used as a biofertilizer to sustain growth and production of turnip, radish and lettuce in the basaltic regolith simulant soil. Moreover, we show that marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002 effectively desalinates the briny water simulant, and that desalination can be further enhanced by filtration through basalt-type volcanic rocks. Our findings indicate that it is possible to grow food crops with alfalfa treated basaltic regolith martian soil as a substratum watered with biodesalinated water.
Keywords	Medicine ; R ; Science ; Q
Subject code	550
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Document type	Article ; Online
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Article ; Online: A Child's urine is not sterile: A pilot study evaluating the Pediatric Urinary Microbiome.

Storm, Douglas W / Copp, Hillary L / Halverson, Thomas M / Du, Jingjie / Juhr, Denise / Wolfe, Alan J

Journal of pediatric urology

2022 Volume 18, Issue 3, Page(s) 383–392

Abstract: Introduction: A bladder microbiome (urobiome) exists in adults. Data supports the effects of the adult urobiome on urinary tract health with associations between dysbiotic urobiomes and lower urinary tract disorders. Understanding urobiome origin is ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: A bladder microbiome (urobiome) exists in adults. Data supports the effects of the adult urobiome on urinary tract health with associations between dysbiotic urobiomes and lower urinary tract disorders. Understanding urobiome origin is important since other microbiomes establish around birth and microbiome alterations are linked to disease development. However, the pediatric urobiome has not been well studied. Objectives: We sought to determine the age when the urobiome develops, compare the pediatric urobiome to microbiomes of adjacent urogenital niches, and compare the urobiomes between boys and girls and across age groups. Study design: Seventy-four children less than 18 years of age without recent antibiotic exposure were recruited, including 48 males and 26 females, aged 2 weeks to 209 months of age. Transurethral catheterized urine samples and samples from the perineum, urethra, vagina, and foreskin were collected. Specimens were assessed using the expanded quantitative urine culture protocol and by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Dada2 was used to profile microbial compositions, and BLCA was used to identify microbial taxa. Results: Bacteria were detected in 90.5% of urine samples and identified in children as young as 2 weeks of age. Microbial communities and compositions of the female bladder and other urogenital niches (urethra, perineum, and vagina) differed significantly by age. Lactobacillus predominated the bladder, urethral, and vaginal microbiomes in post-pubertal girls. Compared to female urinary microbiomes, those of males differed less substantially. Only perineal microbiomes differed significantly by age, whereas male urethral and foreskin microbiomes did not differ significantly. Discussion: We identified that a urinary microbiome is established as early as infancy. In addition, the female urobiome changes throughout childhood, until the post-pubertal bacterial taxa becomes consistent with that seen in adult females. Whereas in boys, the urinary microbiome changed very little over time. In addition, the surrounding urogenital microbiomes differed less in boys as compared to females. Microbiomes established at a young age may have long-term influences on immune, metabolic, and neurobehavioral traits. The same may be true for the urobiome. Our study provides a foundation for future research to determine the influence of the pediatric urobiome on the development of urinary and even non-urinary disorders. Conclusions: A pediatric urobiome exists, with differences between males and females and can be detected at a young age with changes occurring throughout childhood. Similarities and differences are also seen between the pediatric urobiome and adjacent niches.
MeSH term(s)	Adolescent ; Adult ; Bacteria ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Microbiota/genetics ; Pilot Projects ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics ; Urethra ; Urinary Bladder ; Urine/microbiology
Chemical Substances	RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
Language	English
Publishing date	2022-03-04
Publishing country	England
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2237683-5
ISSN	1873-4898 ; 1477-5131
ISSN (online)	1873-4898
ISSN	1477-5131
DOI	10.1016/j.jpurol.2022.02.025
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Article ; Online: Model-based iterative reconstruction for direct imaging with point spread function encoded echo planar MRI.

Meyer, Nolan K / In, Myung-Ho / Black, David F / Campeau, Norbert G / Welker, Kirk M / Huston, John / Halverson, Maria A / Bernstein, Matt A / Trzasko, Joshua D

Magnetic resonance imaging

2024 Volume 109, Page(s) 189–202

Abstract: Background: Echo planar imaging (EPI) is a fast measurement technique commonly used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but is highly sensitive to measurement non-idealities in reconstruction. Point spread function (PSF)-encoded EPI is a multi-shot ... ...

Abstract	Background: Echo planar imaging (EPI) is a fast measurement technique commonly used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but is highly sensitive to measurement non-idealities in reconstruction. Point spread function (PSF)-encoded EPI is a multi-shot strategy which alleviates distortion, but acquisition of encodings suitable for direct distortion-free imaging prolongs scan time. In this work, a model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR) framework is introduced for direct imaging with PSF-EPI to improve image quality and acceleration potential. Methods: An MBIR platform was developed for accelerated PSF-EPI. The reconstruction utilizes a subspace representation, is regularized to promote local low-rankedness (LLR), and uses variable splitting for efficient iteration. Comparisons were made against standard reconstructions from prospectively accelerated PSF-EPI data and with retrospective subsampling. Exploring aggressive partial Fourier acceleration of the PSF-encoding dimension, additional comparisons were made against an extension of Homodyne to direct PSF-EPI in numerical experiments. A neuroradiologists' assessment was completed comparing images reconstructed with MBIR from retrospectively truncated data directly against images obtained with standard reconstructions from non-truncated datasets. Results: Image quality results were consistently superior for MBIR relative to standard and Homodyne reconstructions. As the MBIR signal model and reconstruction allow for arbitrary sampling of the PSF space, random sampling of the PSF-encoding dimension was also demonstrated, with quantitative assessments indicating best performance achieved through nonuniform PSF sampling combined with partial Fourier. With retrospective subsampling, MBIR reconstructs high-quality images from sub-minute scan datasets. MBIR was shown to be superior in a neuroradiologists' assessment with respect to three of five performance criteria, with equivalence for the remaining two. Conclusions: A novel image reconstruction framework is introduced for direct imaging with PSF-EPI, enabling arbitrary PSF space sampling and reconstruction of diagnostic-quality images from highly accelerated PSF-encoded EPI data.
MeSH term(s)	Retrospective Studies ; Echo-Planar Imaging/methods ; Brain/diagnostic imaging ; Algorithms ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods
Language	English
Publishing date	2024-03-13
Publishing country	Netherlands
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	604885-7
ISSN	1873-5894 ; 0730-725X
ISSN (online)	1873-5894
ISSN	0730-725X
DOI	10.1016/j.mri.2024.03.009
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Article: Experiential Avoidance, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, and Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors: A Moderation Analysis in a National Veteran Sample.

Patel, Tapan A / Blakey, Shannon M / Halverson, Tate F / Mann, Adam J D / Calhoun, Patrick S / Beckham, Jean C / Pugh, Mary J / Kimbrel, Nathan A

International journal of cognitive therapy

2023 Volume 1

Abstract: Experiential avoidance (EA) is associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITBs) across different populations, and extant literature has demonstrated a strong relationship between PTSD and SITBs. ... ...

Abstract	Experiential avoidance (EA) is associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITBs) across different populations, and extant literature has demonstrated a strong relationship between PTSD and SITBs. However, no study has explored the potential moderating role EA plays in the association of PTSD with nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts. The objective of the present study was to determine if EA would moderate the association with PTSD and SITBs such that the association between PTSD and individuals SITBs would be stronger among individuals with higher EA. In a large national sample of Gulf War Era veterans (
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-06-16
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2444531-9
ISSN	1937-1217 ; 1937-1209
ISSN (online)	1937-1217
ISSN	1937-1209
DOI	10.1007/s41811-023-00164-2
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Book ; Online: Neural Network Field Theories

Demirtas, Mehmet / Halverson, James / Maiti, Anindita / Schwartz, Matthew D. / Stoner, Keegan

Non-Gaussianity, Actions, and Locality

2023

Abstract: Both the path integral measure in field theory and ensembles of neural networks describe distributions over functions. When the central limit theorem can be applied in the infinite-width (infinite-$N$) limit, the ensemble of networks corresponds to a ... ...

Abstract	Both the path integral measure in field theory and ensembles of neural networks describe distributions over functions. When the central limit theorem can be applied in the infinite-width (infinite-$N$) limit, the ensemble of networks corresponds to a free field theory. Although an expansion in $1/N$ corresponds to interactions in the field theory, others, such as in a small breaking of the statistical independence of network parameters, can also lead to interacting theories. These other expansions can be advantageous over the $1/N$-expansion, for example by improved behavior with respect to the universal approximation theorem. Given the connected correlators of a field theory, one can systematically reconstruct the action order-by-order in the expansion parameter, using a new Feynman diagram prescription whose vertices are the connected correlators. This method is motivated by the Edgeworth expansion and allows one to derive actions for neural network field theories. Conversely, the correspondence allows one to engineer architectures realizing a given field theory by representing action deformations as deformations of neural network parameter densities. As an example, $\phi^4$ theory is realized as an infinite-$N$ neural network field theory. Comment: 49 pages, plus references and appendices
Keywords	High Energy Physics - Theory ; Computer Science - Machine Learning
Subject code	539
Publishing date	2023-07-06
Publishing country	us
Document type	Book ; Online
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Article ; Online: Impact of intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin and chemotherapy on the bladder microbiome in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.

James, Christopher / Gomez, Kayeromi / Desai, Shalin / Patel, Hiten D / Rac, Goran / Doshi, Chirag P / Dornbier, Ryan / Bajic, Petar / Halverson, Thomas / Gupta, Gopal N / Quek, Marcus L / Gorbonos, Alex / Flanigan, Robert / Wolfe, Alan J

Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology

2023 Volume 13, Page(s) 1125809

Abstract: Introduction: Intravesical therapy (IVT), including Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), is the standard of care for high grade (HG) non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Despite the use of IVT, many patients recur after treatment. The bladder ... ...

Abstract	Introduction: Intravesical therapy (IVT), including Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), is the standard of care for high grade (HG) non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Despite the use of IVT, many patients recur after treatment. The bladder microbiome and its role in disease processes has recently risen to prominence. We aim to characterize changes that occur in the bladder microbiome over the course of intravesical therapy and assess whether these changes correlate with outcomes in patients with NMIBC. Methods: Patients with NMIBC undergoing induction BCG or intravesical therapy were prospectively enrolled from January 2019 to March 2020. Patients with clinical T2 or greater pathology or active urinary tract infection at enrollment were excluded. Twenty-nine patients had catheterized (bladder) urine samples collected prior to induction intravesical therapy and prior to each IVT instillation. Twenty-seven received BCG while 2 received intravesical gemcitabine. Bacteria were identified using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Bladder microbiome changes were evaluated and differences between patients who recurred and patients who did not recur after IVT were investigated. Results: Across the 29 patients analyzed, bacterial richness decreased significantly following intravesical therapy (Richness, P=0.01). Evenness and overall diversity did not change significantly (Pielou, P=0.62; Shannon, P=0.13). Patients who experienced recurrence had a higher relative abundance of Conclusion: IVT for NMIBC appears to change the urinary microbiome by decreasing richness while not altering evenness or overall diversity. The presence of
MeSH term(s)	Humans ; BCG Vaccine/therapeutic use ; Urinary Bladder/pathology ; Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Neoplasms ; Adjuvants, Immunologic/therapeutic use ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/drug therapy ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology ; Neoplasm Invasiveness/pathology
Chemical Substances	BCG Vaccine ; Adjuvants, Immunologic
Language	English
Publishing date	2023-04-05
Publishing country	Switzerland
Document type	Journal Article ; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
ZDB-ID	2619676-1
ISSN	2235-2988 ; 2235-2988
ISSN (online)	2235-2988
ISSN	2235-2988
DOI	10.3389/fcimb.2023.1125809
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