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Book ; Online: Mode of Transmission and Viral Shedding of SARS-CoV-2

Akyala, Adamu Ishaku

http://www.intechopen.com/chapter/pdf-download/73368

Emerging New Paradigms

2020

Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-29
Publisher	IntechOpen
Publishing country	hr
Document type	Book ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) co-infection with HIV: clinical case series analysis in North Central Nigeria.

Akyala, Adamu Ishaku / Iwu, Chinwe Juliana

The Pan African medical journal

2020 Volume 37, Page(s) 47

Abstract: SARS-CoV-2 has created a global public health emergency with significant mortality and morbidity for people living with HIV (PLWH). Preliminary data reveals persons with immune-compromised status are at risk of developing adverse clinical outcomes from ... ...

Abstract	SARS-CoV-2 has created a global public health emergency with significant mortality and morbidity for people living with HIV (PLWH). Preliminary data reveals persons with immune-compromised status are at risk of developing adverse clinical outcomes from SARS-CoV-2. We aimed to characterise clinical outcomes of HIV patients co-infected with SARS-CoV-2 infection in Nasarawa State, North Central Nigeria. We followed four (4) hospitalised HIV patients that tested positive to SARS-CoV-2 in Nasarawa State and characterised their laboratory findings and clinical outcomes. The consent of the cases was sought and they agreed that their clinical data be published. Real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid were performed using nasopharyngeal swabs (novel coronavirus PCR fluorescence diagnostic kit, BioGerm medical biotechnology) at the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) in Abuja, Nigeria. Our study reveals mild clinical outcome among HIV patients with SARS-CoV-2 co-infection. There is need for a syndemic framework to be used to conceptualise SARS-CoV-2 impact among HIV patients and an urgent need to strengthen healthcare programmes within Nigeria.
MeSH term(s)	Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Betacoronavirus ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Testing ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Clinical Laboratory Techniques/methods ; Coinfection/drug therapy ; Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis ; Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy ; Female ; Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use ; HIV Infections/drug therapy ; Humans ; Methylprednisolone/therapeutic use ; Nigeria ; Norfloxacin/therapeutic use ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis ; Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ; Sex Workers ; gamma-Globulins/therapeutic use
Chemical Substances	Anti-Retroviral Agents ; Antiviral Agents ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Covid-19 aAPC vaccine ; Glucocorticoids ; gamma-Globulins ; Norfloxacin (N0F8P22L1P) ; Methylprednisolone (X4W7ZR7023)
Keywords	covid19
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-10
Publishing country	Uganda
Document type	Case Reports ; Observational Study
ZDB-ID	2514347-5
ISSN	1937-8688 ; 1937-8688
ISSN (online)	1937-8688
ISSN	1937-8688
DOI	10.11604/pamj.2020.37.47.24200
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article: Gastric cancer and Hedgehog signaling pathway: emerging new paradigms.

Akyala, Adamu Ishaku / Peppelenbosch, Maikel P

Genes & cancer

2018 Volume 9, Issue 1-2, Page(s) 1–10

Abstract: Ever since its initial discovery in Drosophila, hedgehog signaling has been linked to foregut development, The mammalian genome expresses three Hedgehog paralogues, sonic hedgehog (Shh), Indian Hedgehog, and desert hedgehog. In the mucosa of the ... ...

Abstract	Ever since its initial discovery in Drosophila, hedgehog signaling has been linked to foregut development, The mammalian genome expresses three Hedgehog paralogues, sonic hedgehog (Shh), Indian Hedgehog, and desert hedgehog. In the mucosa of the embryonic and adult foregut, Shh expression is the highest. It has now become clear that hedgehog signaling is of pivotal importance in gastric homeostasis. Aberrant activation of hedgehog signaling is associated with a range of pathological consequences including various cancers. Also in gastric cancer, clinical and preclinical data support a role of Hedgehog signaling in neoplastic transformation, and gastrointestinal cancer development, also through cancer stroma interaction. Technological advance are facilitating monitoring Hedgehog signaling broadening options for the more efficient screening of individuals predisposed to eventually developing gastric cancer and targeting Hedgehog signaling may provide opportunities for prophylactic therapy once atrophic gastritis develops. Nevertheless, convincing evidence that Hedgehog antagonists are of clinically useful in the context of gastric cancer is still conspicuously lacking. Here we analyze review the role of Hedgehog in gastric physiology and the potential usefulness of targeting Hedgehog signaling in gastric cancer.
Language	English
Publishing date	2018-04-27
Publishing country	United States
Document type	Journal Article ; Review
ZDB-ID	2538519-7
ISSN	1947-6027 ; 1947-6019
ISSN (online)	1947-6027
ISSN	1947-6019
DOI	10.18632/genesandcancer.168
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Article ; Online: Novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) co-infection with HIV

Adamu Ishaku Akyala / Chinwe Juliana Iwu

The Pan African Medical Journal, Vol 37, Iss

clinical case series analysis in North Central Nigeria

2020 Volume 47

Abstract	SARS-CoV-2 has created a global public health emergency with significant mortality and morbidity for people living with HIV (PLWH). Preliminary data reveals persons with immune-compromised status are at risk of developing adverse clinical outcomes from SARS-CoV-2. We aimed to characterise clinical outcomes of HIV patients co-infected with SARS-CoV-2 infection in Nasarawa State, North Central Nigeria. We followed four (4) hospitalised HIV patients that tested positive to SARS-CoV-2 in Nasarawa State and characterised their laboratory findings and clinical outcomes. The consent of the cases was sought and they agreed that their clinical data be published. Real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid were performed using nasopharyngeal swabs (novel coronavirus PCR fluorescence diagnostic kit, BioGerm medical biotechnology) at the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) in Abuja, Nigeria. Our study reveals mild clinical outcome among HIV patients with SARS-CoV-2 co-infection. There is need for a syndemic framework to be used to conceptualise SARS-CoV-2 impact among HIV patients and an urgent need to strengthen healthcare programmes within Nigeria.
Keywords	coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) ; transmission ; clinical characteristics ; viral shedding ; hiv and covid-19 co-infection ; nigeria ; Medicine ; R
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	The Pan African Medical Journal
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Person to person transmission of pneumonia associated with the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): a familial cluster analysis in North Central Nigeria.

Akyala, Adamu Ishaku / Muhammad, Liman / Akabe, Emmanuel / Akinyoade, Akinyinka / Agogo, Emmanuel

The Pan African medical journal

2020 Volume 37, Page(s) 99

Abstract: The continued absence of viable vaccines, limited diagnostic tools, insufficient protocol for isolation period, and weak health care system in developing countries with Nigeria inclusive heightens the tension trailing the arrival of Novel SARS-CoV-2 that ...

Abstract	The continued absence of viable vaccines, limited diagnostic tools, insufficient protocol for isolation period, and weak health care system in developing countries with Nigeria inclusive heightens the tension trailing the arrival of Novel SARS-CoV-2 that was officially declared a global health emergency by World Health Organization (WHO) in January 2020. In this context, this study assesses the adequacy and potency of treatment for pneumonia associated with the Novel SARS-CoV-2. Counting from 27
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19/epidemiology ; COVID-19/transmission ; Cluster Analysis ; Family Health ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Nigeria/epidemiology
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-28
Publishing country	Uganda
Document type	Case Reports ; Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2514347-5
ISSN	1937-8688 ; 1937-8688
ISSN (online)	1937-8688
ISSN	1937-8688
DOI	10.11604/pamj.2020.37.99.23609
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Article ; Online: Helicobacter pylori

Dadashzadeh, Kianoosh / Peppelenbosch, Maikel P / Adamu, Akyala Ishaku

Canadian journal of gastroenterology & hepatology

2017 Volume 2017, Page(s) 7942489

Abstract: Background: Although the causal relationship between : Methods: The prevalence of genotype was assessed by PCR and related to clinical histopathological parameters.: Results: The relation of : Conclusion: Our results show an elevated prevalence ...

Abstract	Background: Although the causal relationship between Methods: The prevalence of genotype was assessed by PCR and related to clinical histopathological parameters. Results: The relation of Conclusion: Our results show an elevated prevalence of infection with
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Alleles ; Bacterial Proteins/isolation & purification ; Bacterial Proteins/physiology ; Biopsy ; Female ; Gastritis/microbiology ; Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Helicobacter Infections/microbiology ; Helicobacter pylori/isolation & purification ; Helicobacter pylori/pathogenicity ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Peptic Ulcer/microbiology ; Stomach/microbiology ; Stomach Neoplasms/microbiology ; Virulence
Chemical Substances	Bacterial Proteins
Language	English
Publishing date	2017-12-17
Publishing country	Egypt
Document type	Journal Article
ZDB-ID	2762182-0
ISSN	2291-2797 ; 1916-7237 ; 0835-7900
ISSN (online)	2291-2797 ; 1916-7237
ISSN	0835-7900
DOI	10.1155/2017/7942489
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Article ; Online: Person to person transmission of pneumonia associated with the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)

Adamu Ishaku Akyala / Liman Muhammad / Emmanuel Akabe / Akinyinka Akinyoade / Emmanuel Agogo

The Pan African Medical Journal, Vol 37, Iss

a familial cluster analysis in North Central Nigeria

2020 Volume 99

Abstract: In the absence of a viable vaccines, limited diagnostic tools, insufficient protocol for isolation period, weak health care system in developing countries with Nigeria inclusive and inadequate specific potent treatment for pneumonia associated with Novel ...

Abstract	In the absence of a viable vaccines, limited diagnostic tools, insufficient protocol for isolation period, weak health care system in developing countries with Nigeria inclusive and inadequate specific potent treatment for pneumonia associated with Novel SARS-CoV-2 that was officially declared a global health emergency by World Health Organization (WHO) in January 2020. Exponential rise in cases of SARS-CoV-2 has been recorded in Nigeria on 27th February, 2020 with limited data on Person to Person transmission or nosocomial transmission.
Keywords	covid-19 ; transmission ; pneumonia ; viral shedding ; Medicine ; R
Language	English
Publishing date	2020-09-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	The Pan African Medical Journal
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article ; Online: Clinical diagnostic performance evaluation of five immunoassays for antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis in a real-life routine care setting.

Akyala, Adamu Ishaku / Awayimbo, Jaggu Ruth / Ogo, Anowai Clementina / Chima, Ndubuisi John / Billyrose, Olusoji Mathew Adeyemi / Engom, Alaba Ovye Godiya

The Pan African medical journal

2021 Volume 39, Page(s) 3

Abstract: While molecular techniques remain the gold standard for diagnosis of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, serological tests have the unique potential to ascertain how much of the population has been exposed to the COVID-19 pathogen. There have been limited ... ...

Abstract	While molecular techniques remain the gold standard for diagnosis of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, serological tests have the unique potential to ascertain how much of the population has been exposed to the COVID-19 pathogen. There have been limited published studies to date documenting the performance of SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays in Nigeria and so we evaluated the diagnostic performance of five (5) immunoassay on a set of clinical samples. Five automated immunoassays (2019-nCoV IgG/IgM antibody determination kit, Tigsun COVID-19 combo IgM/IgG rapid test, rapid response COVID-19 IgG/IgM test, COVID-19 IgM-IgG combined antibody rapid test, iChroma COVID-19 Ab) were tested. Three hundred and fourteen specimens were analyzed from health care workers who tested positive PCR for SARS-CoV-2 with symptoms consistent with SARS-CoV-2 receiving treatment at two treatment centres in Nasarawa State from March to September, 2020 with control of 134 health care workers who tested negative PCR for SARS-CoV-2 with no symptoms to SARS-CoV-2. The median patients' age was 40 years (IQR 39.8-41), majority were male and were on admission. The SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM antibody evaluated kits had a sensitivity of 33% (2019-nCoV IgG/IgM antibody determination kit), 22% (Tigsun COVID-19 combo IgM/IgG rapid test), 43% (rapid response COVID-19 IgG/IgM test), 44% (COVID-19 IgM-IgG combined antibody rapid test), 25% (iChroma COVID-19 Ab), 100% sensitivity, accuracy of 68.5% and Kappa coefficient of 0.7 and rapid response COVID-19 IgG/IgM test cassette had a sensitivity of 33%, specificity of 100% and accuracy of 72.5% with Kappa coefficient 0.7. The Tigsun COVID-19 combo IgM/IgG rapid test (lateral flow), positive, COVID-19 IgM-IgG combined antibody rapid test and iChroma COVID-19 Ab RT all had sensitivity of zero percent. Serology was complementary to RT-PCR for the diagnosis of COVID-19 at least 14 days after onset of symptoms. The assay panel needs to be improved to serve as an option for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 in resource constrained settings where there are limited molecular diagnostics testing panels.
MeSH term(s)	Adult ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; COVID-19/diagnosis ; COVID-19/immunology ; COVID-19 Testing/methods ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoassay/methods ; Immunoglobulin G/blood ; Immunoglobulin M/blood ; Male ; Nigeria ; SARS-CoV-2/immunology ; SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Serologic Tests/methods
Chemical Substances	Antibodies, Viral ; Immunoglobulin G ; Immunoglobulin M
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-03
Publishing country	Uganda
Document type	Comparative Study ; Journal Article ; Multicenter Study
ZDB-ID	2514347-5
ISSN	1937-8688 ; 1937-8688
ISSN (online)	1937-8688
ISSN	1937-8688
DOI	10.11604/pamj.2021.39.3.26471
Database	MEDical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System OnLINE

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Article ; Online: Clinical diagnostic performance evaluation of five immunoassays for antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis in a real-life routine care setting

Adamu Ishaku Akyala / Jaggu Ruth Awayimbo / Anowai Clementina Ogo / Ndubuisi John Chima / Olusoji Mathew Adeyemi Billyrose / Alaba Ovye Godiya Engom

The Pan African Medical Journal, Vol 39, Iss

2021 Volume 3

Abstract	While molecular techniques remain the gold standard for diagnosis of acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, serological tests have the unique potential to ascertain how much of the population has been exposed to the COVID-19 pathogen. There have been limited published studies to date documenting the performance of SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays in Nigeria and so we evaluated the diagnostic performance of five (5) immunoassay on a set of clinical samples . Five automated immunoassays (2019-nCoV IgG/IgM Antibody Determination Kit, Tigsun COVID-19 Combo IgM/IgG Rapid Test, Rapid Response COVID-19 IgG/IgM Test, COVID-19 IgM-IgG Combined Antibody Rapid Test, iChroma COVID-19 Ab) were tested. 314 specimens were analyzed from Health care workers who tested positive PCR for SARS-CoV-2 with symptoms consistent with SARS-CoV-2 receiving treatment at two treatment centres in Nasarawa State from March to September, 2020 with control of 134 Health care workers who tested negative PCR for SARS-CoV-2 with no symptoms to SARS-CoV-2. .The median patients’ age was 40 years (IQR 39·8–41), majority were male, and were on admission. The SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM Antibody evaluated Kits had a sensitivity of 33% (2019-nCoV IgG/IgM Antibody Determination Kit), 22%( Tigsun COVID-19 Combo IgM/IgG Rapid Test), 43% (Rapid Response COVID-19 IgG/IgM Test), 44% (COVID-19 IgM-IgG Combined Antibody Rapid Test), 25%( iChroma COVID-19 Ab), 100% sensitivity, accuracy of 68.5% and Kappa Coefficient of 0.7 and Rapid Response COVID-19 IgG/IgM Test Cassette had a sensitivity of 33%, specificity of 100% and accuracy of 72.5% with Kappa Coefficient 0.7. The Tigsun COVID-19 Combo IgM/IgG Rapid Test (lateral flow), Positive, COVID-19 IgM-IgG Combined Antibody Rapid Test and iChroma COVID-19 Ab RTall had sensitivity of zero percent. Serology was complementary to RT-PCR for the diagnosis of COVID-19 at least 14 days after onset of symptoms. The assay panel needs to be improved to serve as an option for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 in resource constrained settings where there are ...
Keywords	coronavirus ; diagnosis ; rapid diagnostic kits ; sensitivity ; specificity ; Medicine ; R
Subject code	150
Language	English
Publishing date	2021-05-01T00:00:00Z
Publisher	The Pan African Medical Journal
Document type	Article ; Online
Database	BASE - Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (life sciences selection)

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Article: Person to person transmission of pneumonia associated with the Novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2): a familial cluster analysis in North Central Nigeria

Akyala, Adamu Ishaku / Muhammad, Liman / Akabe, Emmanuel / Akinyoade, Akinyinka

Pan African Medical Journal

Abstract	The continued absence of viable vaccines, limited diagnostic tools, insufficient protocol for isolation period, and weak health care system in developing countries with Nigeria inclusive heightens the tension trailing the arrival of Novel SARS-CoV-2 that was officially declared a global health emergency by World Health Organization (WHO) in January 2020 In this context, this study assesses the adequacy and potency of treatment for pneumonia associated with the Novel SARS-CoV-2 Counting from 27th February 2020, exponential rise in cases of SARS-CoV-2 has been recorded in Nigeria Despite limited data on Person-to-Person transmission or nosocomial transmission, we report the epidemiological features of a familial cluster of 4 positive cases to SARS-CoV-2 in Nasarawa State, North Central Nigeria This cluster presented with an unexplained pneumonia after having contact with a family member who died after manifesting symptoms of Novel SARS-CoV-2;the test came out positive after his demise Real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid were performed using nasopharyngeal swabs (Novel Coronavirus PCR Fluorescence Diagnostic Kit, BioGerm Medical Biotechnology at the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) in Abuja Nigeria From March 10, 2020, we enrolled a family of four patients out of a family of 10 who were positive to novel coronavirus Four family members (aged 36-43 years) all presented with fever, upper or lower respiratory tract symptoms, or diarrhea, or a combination of these 3-6 days after exposure These conditions continued to manifest at the Federal Medical Center, Keffi in Nasarawa State, 3-7 days after symptom onset Their nasopharyngeal or throat swabs of these 10 family members were taken and four returned positive to coronavirus, while six tested negative The epidemiological evidence from our study on familial cluster analysis reveals possible transmission of Novel SARS-CoV-2 during the incubation period Study outcomes underscore the importance of probing contact history of potentially infected individuals, for prompt identification to preventing further spread
Keywords	covid19
Publisher	WHO
Document type	Article
Note	WHO #Covidence: #864148
Database	COVID19

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